Kooxda Orchestra |

Kooxda Orchestralka Ruushka. Waxaa la abuuray 1882 ee St. Dhab ahaantii, waxay ka koobnayd 2 orchestras - heeso iyo orkestar dabaysha. Fannaaniin badan oo ka tirsan Kooxda Hobolada Maxkamadda ayaa ku ciyaarayay fannaanka faneedka iyo kooxda naxaasta ah (qalab kala duwan). Iyadoo la raacayo tusaalaha koox-kooxeedka milatariga, fannaaniinta "heesta" ayaa lagu taxaabay shaqaale milatari, taas oo suurtogal ka dhigtay in ay soo jiitaan jilayaasha tayada leh ee loo diyaariyey ciidanka (doorbid ahaan waxaa la siiyay kuwa yaqaan sida loo ciyaaro laba qalab - xadhig iyo dabaysha) .

M. Frank wuxuu ahaa fanaankii ugu horeeyay ee kooxda heesta; 1888kii waxaa lagu bedelay GI Varlik; laga soo bilaabo 1882, qaybta symphonic ayaa mas'uul ka ahayd bandmaster G. Fliege, ka dib dhimashadiisa (1907) Warlich ayaa weli ah macalin sare. Kooxdu waxay ku ciyaari jirtay daaraha waaweyn ee kubbadaha maxkamadda, soo dhawaynta, xilliyada ciidaha boqortooyada iyo kuwa maamulka. Waajibkiisa ayaa sidoo kale ka mid ahaa ka qaybgalka riwaayadaha iyo bandhigyada maxkamadda Gatchina, Tsarskoye Selo, Peterhof iyo tiyaatarada Hermitage.

Dabeecadda xirnaanshaha ee dhaqdhaqaaqa orkestra waxa ay ka muuqatay heerka faneed ee wax qabadka, taas oo keentay in la soo bandhigo nuxur yar, taas oo inta badan ahayd dabeecad adeeg (socod, bakhti, heeso). Hogaamiyayaasha kooxdu waxay doonayeen inay dhaafaan u adeegida goobabada maxkamada, si ay u helaan habab ay ku gaadhaan dhagaystayaal balaadhan. Tan waxaa fududeeyay riwaayado furan oo ku saabsan marxaladda xagaaga ee Beerta Peterhof, ku celcelinta labiska dadweynaha, iyo riwaayado ka dhacay hoolalka Maxkamadda Heesaha Chapel iyo Golaha Nobility.

Sannadkii 1896-kii, "heeso" waxay noqotay rayid waxaana loo beddelay Orchestra Maxkamadda, xubnaheedu waxay heleen xuquuqda fanaaniinta tiyaatarada Imperial. Laga soo bilaabo 1898, Kooxda Orchestra ee Maxkamadda waxaa loo oggolaaday inay bixiso riwaayado dadweyne oo lacag ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay ahayd ilaa 1902 in Western Yurub iyo Ruush music symphonic classical bilaabay in lagu daro barnaamijyada riwaayadaha ee Orchestra Maxkamadda. Isla mar ahaantaana, hindisaha Varlich, "Kulanka Orchestral of Musical News" bilaabay in si nidaamsan loo qabto, barnaamijyada kuwaas oo sida caadiga ah ka kooban yahay shuqullada lagu qabtay Russia markii ugu horeysay.

Tan iyo 1912, Orchestra Maxkamadda ayaa la horumariyo tiro balaadhan oo ah hawlaha (concert orchestra ee caan ah), qabashada wareegyada riwaayadaha taariikhiga ah ee music Ruush iyo shisheeye (oo ay la socdaan muxaadarooyin caan ah), riwaayado gaar ah u heellan xusuusta AK Lyadov. SI Taneyev, Scriabin. Qaar ka mid ah riwaayadaha kooxda orchestra ee maxkamada waxaa qaban jiray fanaaniin ajnabi ah oo waaweyn (R. Strauss, A. Nikish, iyo kuwa kale). Inta lagu guda jiro sannadahan, Orchestra Maxkamadda waxay gaadhay guul gaar ah si kor loogu qaado shuqullada music Ruush.

Kooxda Orchestra ee Maxkamaddu waxay lahayd maktabad muusig iyo madxaf muusiko ah oo taariikhi ah. Bishii Maarso 1917 kooxda Orchestra waxay noqotay Orchestra Symphony State. Eeg Ururinta Sharafta leh ee Hobolada Tacliineed ee Ruushka ee St. Petersburg Philharmonic.

IM Yampolsky