Mstislav Leopoldovich Rostropovich (Mstislav Rostropovich) |

Mstislav Rostropovich

Fanaanka dadka ee USSR (1966), ku guulaysta Stalin (1951) iyo Lenin (1964) Abaalmarinada USSR, Abaalmarinta Gobolka ee RSFSR (1991), Abaalmarinta Gobolka ee Ruushka (1995). Loo yaqaan ma aha oo kaliya muusikiiste, laakiin sidoo kale sida qof dadweyne ah. London Times ayaa ugu yeertay muusikiiste ugu weyn. Magaciisa waxaa lagu daray "Forty Immortals" - xubno sharaf leh oo ka tirsan Akadeemiyada Farshaxanka ee Faransiiska. Xubin ka ah Akadeemiyada Sayniska iyo Farshaxanka (USA), Akadeemiyada Santa Cecilia (Rome), Akadeemiyada Muusikada Boqortooyada Ingiriiska, Akademiyada Boqortooyada Iswidhan, Akademiyada Farshaxanka ee Bavarian, ku guulaysta Abaalmarinta Imperial Prize ee Japan Ururka Fanka iyo abaalmarino kale oo badan. In ka badan 50 jaamacadood oo ku yaala wadamo kala duwan ayaa la gudoonsiiyay shahaado sharaf. Muwaadinka sharafta leh ee magaalooyin badan oo aduunka ah. Taliyaha Amarka ee Legion of Honor (France, 1981, 1987), Sharaf Knight Taliyaha Amarka ugu xasilloon ee Boqortooyada Ingiriiska. Waxaa lagu abaalmariyay abaalmarino dowladeed oo badan oo ka kala yimid 29 waddan. Sannadkii 1997-kii waxa la guddoonsiiyey Abaalmarinta Great Russia Prize "Slava/Gloria".

Waxa uu ku dhashay Baku March 27, 1927 Muusikadu waxay ka timid Orenburg. Labada awoow iyo waalidba waa fannaaniin. Da'da 15, wuxuu horeyba wax uga dhigay dugsiga muusikada, isagoo wax ka baranayay M. Chulaki, oo loo daadgureeyay Orenburg sannadihii dagaalka. Markii uu da'diisu ahayd 16 jir wuxuu galay konserfatifka Moscow ee fasalka Semyon Kozolupov. Xirfadda waxqabadka Rostropovich waxay bilaabatay 1945-kii, markii uu helay abaal-marintii ugu horreysay ee Tartankii Muusikayaasha ee All-Union. Aqoonsiga caalamiga ah wuxuu yimid 1950 ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay tartanka. Hanus Vigan ee Prague. Ka dib markii uu ku guuleystey tartanka All-Union, Slava Rostropovich, arday dhigta konservatory, ayaa laga soo wareejiyay sannadkiisii ​​labaad ilaa sanadka shanaad. Ka dib wuxuu wax ku baray Conservatory Moscow 26 sano, iyo 7 sano ee Conservatory ee Leningrad. Ardaydiisu waa fanaaniin caan ah, qaar badan oo iyaga ka mid ah ayaa markii dambe noqday macalimiin ka mid ah akadeemiyada muusikada adduunka: Sergei Roldygin, Iosif Feigelson, Natalia Shakhovskaya, David Geringas, Ivan Monighetti, Eleonora Testelets, Maris Villerush, Misha Maisky.

Sida laga soo xigtay isaga, saddex laxamiistaha, Prokofiev, Shostakovich iyo Britten, waxay saameyn weyn ku yeesheen samaynta shakhsiyadda Rostropovich. Shaqadiisu waxay u soo baxday laba jiho - sida unugga (soloist iyo ensemble player) iyo kaari ahaan - opera iyo heeso. Dhab ahaantii, dhammaan riwaayadaha muusigga cello waxay ka dhawaajiyeen waxqabadkiisa. Waxa uu dhiirigeliyay qaar badan oo ka mid ah halabuurayaashii ugu waaweynaa qarnigii 20aad. si uu shaqooyin ugu abuuro gaar ahaan isaga. Shostakovich iyo Prokofiev, Britten iyo L. Bernstein, A. Dutilleux, V. Lyutoslavsky, K. Penderetsky, B. Tchaikovsky - guud ahaan, ilaa 60 curiyeyaasha casriga ah ayaa u hibeeyey curintooda Rostropovich. Waxa uu markii ugu horeysay sameeyay 117 ka mid ah shaqada cello wuxuuna siiyay 70 hormood oo orkestral ah. Muusikiiste ahaan, wuxuu ku soo bandhigay koox uu la socday S. Richter, oo uu ku dhexjiray E. Gilels iyo L. Kogan, isagoo ah pianist-ga kooxeed G. Vishnevskaya.

Waxa uu bilaabay xirfadiisa shaqo ee 1967 ee Tiyaatarka Bolshoi (wuxuu sameeyay kulankiisii ​​​​ugu horeysay ee P. Tchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin, oo ay ku xigto wax soo saarka Semyon Kotko iyo Prokofiev's War and Peace). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, nolosha gurigu gabi ahaanba ma ahayn mid siman. Waxa uu ku dhacay ceeb, natiijaduna waxay ahayd ka bixitaan qasab ah oo ka yimid USSR 1974. Iyo 1978, hawlaha xuquuqda aadanaha (gaar ahaan, ilaalinta A. Solzhenitsyn), isaga iyo xaaskiisa G. Vishnevskaya ayaa laga qaaday dhalashada Soviet. . 1990kii, M. Gorbachev waxa uu soo saaray wareegto uu ku baabi’inayo go’aamadii ka soo baxay shirguddoonka golaha sare ee ka xayuubinta muwaadinimadooda iyo soo celinta magacyo sharafeedkii laga qaaday. Wadamo badan ayaa Rostropovich u soo bandhigay inuu qaato dhalasho, laakiin wuu diiday, mana haysto wax dhalasho ah.

San Francisco wuxuu ku sameeyay (kaari ahaan) Boqorada Spades, ee Monte Carlo Aroosadda Tsar. Waxa uu ka qaybqaatay bandhigyada caalamka ee riwaayadaha sida Life with an Idiot (1992, Amsterdam) iyo Gesualdo (1995, Vienna) ee A. Schnittke, Lolita R. Shchedrina (ee Stockholm Opera). Tani waxaa ku xigay bandhigyada Shostakovich's Lady Macbeth ee Degmada Mtsensk (daabacaadda koowaad) ee Munich, Paris, Madrid, Buenos Aires, Aldborough, Moscow iyo magaalooyin kale. Ka dib markii uu ku laabtay Russia, wuxuu qabtay Khovanshchina sida dib u eegis Shostakovich (1996, Moscow, Bolshoi Tiyaatarka). Iyada oo Orchestra Raadiyaha Faransiiska ee Paris, wuxuu duubay riwaayadaha Dagaalka iyo Nabadda, Eugene Onegin, Boris Godunov, Lady Macbeth ee Degmada Mtsensk.

Laga soo bilaabo 1977 ilaa 1994 wuxuu ahaa Maamulaha Sare ee Orchestra Symphony National ee Washington, DC, kaas oo hoos yimaada jihada uu noqday mid ka mid ah orchestra-yada ugu fiican Ameerika. Waxaa lagu casuumay fanaaniinta ugu caansan adduunka - Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria, USA, Japan iyo dalal kale.

Qabanqaabiyaha xafladaha gaarka ah, mid ka mid ah kuwaas oo u heellan muusikada qarnigii 20aad. Midda kale waa xafladda cello ee magaalada Beauvais (France). Damaashaadka Chicago waxaa u heellan Shostakovich, Prokofiev, Britten. Xaflado badan oo Rostropovich ah ayaa ka dhacay London. Mid ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah, ka go'an Shostakovich, socday dhowr bilood (dhammaan 15 symphonies by Shostakovich la Orchestra Symphony London). Bandhigga New York, waxaa lagu soo bandhigay muusigga halabuurayaasha u hibeeyey hawlahooda. Waxa uu ka qayb qaatay xaflada “Maalmihii Benjamin Britten ee St. Dadaalkiisa, Pablo Casals Cello Competition ee Frankfurt waa la soo nooleeyay.

Wuxuu furay dugsiyo muusig, wuxuu qabtaa fasallo heer sare ah. Tan iyo 2004 wuxuu ahaa madaxa Dugsiga Sare ee Muusiga Sare ee Valencia (Spain). Laga soo bilaabo 1998, isaga oo hoos yimaada, Tartanka Halabuurka Caalamiga ah ee Masterprise ayaa la qabtay, kaas oo ay iska kaashadeen BBC, Orchestra Symphony London iyo AMI Records. Tartanku waxa loo raray sidii xidhiidh dhaw oo u dhexeeya kuwa jecel muusiga iyo halabuurayaasha casriga ah.

Waxa uu ku ciyaaray kumanaan riwaayado hoolalka riwaayadaha, warshadaha, naadiyada iyo guryaha boqortooyadu (ee Windsor Palace, riwaayad lagu sharfayo sannad-guuradii 65-aad ee boqoradda Sophia ee Spain, iwm.).

Xirfad farsamo oo aan fiicneyn, quruxda dhawaaqa, farshaxanimada, dhaqanka qaabaysan, saxnaanta cajiibka ah, shucuurta la kala qaado, dhiirigelinta - ma jiraan erayo si buuxda loogu qadariyo shakhsiga iyo dabeecadda bandhigga dhalaalaya ee muusikaystaha. "Wax walba oo aan ciyaaro, waan jeclahay inaan miyir beelo," ayuu yidhi.

Waxa kale oo uu caan ku yahay waxqabadkiisa samafalka: waa madaxweynaha Vishnevskaya-Rostropovich Charitable Foundation, kaas oo bixiya gargaarka xarumaha caafimaadka carruurta ee Ruushka. Sannadkii 2000, aasaasku wuxuu bilaabay inuu sameeyo barnaamij loogu talagalay tallaalka carruurta ee Ruushka. Madaxweynaha Sanduuqa Caawinta Ardayda Hibada leh ee Jaamacadaha Muusikada oo magaciisa sita, ayaa aasaasay Sanduuqa Caawinta Fannaaniinta Da'da yar ee Jarmalka, oo ah sanduuq deeq waxbarasho oo loogu talagalay carruurta hibada leh ee Ruushka.

Xaqiiqda khudbadii uu 1989 ka jeediyay darbiga Berlin, iyo sidoo kale imaatinka Moscow Ogosto 1991, markii uu ku biiray difaacayaasha Aqalka Cad ee Ruushka, ayaa aad loo ogaa. Waxa uu helay abaal-marinno dhawr ah oo uu ku mutaystay dadaalkiisa xuquuqul insaanka, oo ay ku jirto Abaalmarinta Xuquuqda Aadanaha ee sannadlaha ah (1974). "Qofna waligiis kuma guulaysan doono inuu ila dagaalamo Ruushka, si kasta oo wasakh madaxayga loogu shubo," ayuu yidhi. Mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu horreeya ee taageeraya fikradda ah qabashada Bandhigga Farshaxanka Caalamiga ah ee Sakharov ee Nizhny Novgorod, wuxuu ahaa martida II iyo ka qaybqaataha Festival IV.

Shakhsiyadda Rostropovich iyo waxqabadkiisu waa kuwo gaar ah. Sida ay si sax ah u qoraan, "iyada oo leh kartidiisa muusiga ee sixirka iyo dabeecadda bulsheed ee fantastik ah, wuxuu isku duubay adduunka oo dhan, isaga oo abuuraya wareeg cusub oo ah "wareegga dhiigga" ee dhaqanka iyo isku xirka dadka." Markaa, Akadeemiyada Duubista Qaranka ee Mareykanka bishii Febraayo 2003 waxay ku abaalmarisay Abaalmarinta Muusigga Grammy “shaqo aan caadi ahayn oo ah unug-haye iyo kaari, nolosha duubista.” Waxa loo yaqaan "Gagarin's cello" iyo "Maestro Slava".

Walida Kelle

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