Sonata-cyclic form |

Qaab-wareegga Sonata - Nooc ka mid ah qaab wareeg ah oo ku midoobaya hal dhan oo taxane ah oo dhammaystiran, oo awood u leh jiritaanka madaxbannaan, laakiin ku xiran fikradda guud ee shaqada. Gaar ahaan S. - cf waxay ku jirtaa fanka fikradeed sare. midnimada oo dhan. Qayb kasta oo ka mid ah S. – cf waxay qabataa riwaayad gaar ah. shaqeyn, muujinta dhinac gaar ah oo hal fikrad ah. Sidaa darteed, marka waxqabadka laga sooco guud ahaan, qaybaheeda ayaa luminaya in ka badan qaybaha wareegga nooc kale - suite. Qaybta hore ee S. – cf, sida caadiga ah, waxay ku qoran tahay qaabka sonata (sidaa darteed magaca).

Wareegga sonata, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan 'sonata-symphony', ayaa qaabeeyay qarniyadii 16-aad -18aad. Shaybaarooyinkiisii ​​hore ma muujiyaan kala duwanaansho cad oo ka soo baxay suite iyo noocyada kale ee meertada. foomamka - partitas, toccatas, concerto grosso. Had iyo jeer waxay ku saleysan yihiin isbarbardhigga heerarka, noocyada dhaqdhaqaaqa waaxda. qaybo (markaa magacyada Faransiiska ee qaybaha wareegga - mouvement - "dhaqdhaqaaq"). Saamiga ku meel gaadhka ah ee labada qaybood ee hore si tartiib tartiib ah ama (dhib ah) si tartiib tartiib ah ayaa badanaa lagu soo celiyaa iyada oo xitaa ka sii weyn oo isbarbardhigga ah ee labada qaybood ee labaad; Wareegyada 3-qaybood ayaa sidoo kale la abuuray saamiga ku meel-gaadhka ah si degdeg ah-u-dhakhso leh (ama aayar-dhakhso-gaabinaya) .

Si ka duwan suite, oo ka kooban Ch. arr. laga soo bilaabo riwaayadaha qoob ka ciyaarka, qaybo ka mid ah sonata ma aysan ahayn jilbaha tooska ah ee c.-l. noocyada qoob ka ciyaarka; fugue ayaa sidoo kale suurtagal ah in sonata. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kala soocidaani waa mid aad u qallafsan mana u adeegi karto sida halbeeg sax ah.

Wareegga sonata ayaa si cad uga soocay meertada inteeda kale. Foomamka kaliya ee shaqooyinka fasallada Viennese iyo kuwii ka horreeyayba - FE Bach, curiyeyaasha dugsiga Mannheim. Sonata-symphony-ka caadiga ah meertadu waxay ka kooban tahay afar (mararka qaarkood saddex ama xitaa laba) qaybood; dhowr kala saar. noocyadeeda waxay ku xiran tahay halabuurka jilayaasha. Sonata waxaa loogu talagalay hal ama laba, muusikada qadiimiga ah iyo saddex (trio-sonata) jilayaasha, seddexda seddexda, afar-geeska afar, quintet shan, sextet lix, septet todoba, octet sideeda fanaaniinta iyo iwm; dhammaan noocyadaas waxaa ku midaysan fikradda nooca qolka, muusikada qolka. Heesta heeska waxaa qaadaya fannaanka. orchestra. Riwaayada waxaa badanaa loogu talagalay qalab keligiis ah (ama laba ama saddex qalab) oo leh orkester.

Qaybta hore ee sonata-symphony. wareegga - sonata allegro - farshaxankiisa sawireed. xarunta. Dabeecadda muusiga qaybtani way kala duwanaan kartaa - farxad, ciyaar, riwaayad, geesinimo, iwm, laakiin had iyo jeer waxaa lagu gartaa waxqabad iyo waxtar. Dareenka guud ee lagu muujiyay qaybta hore ayaa go'aamisa qaabka dareenka ee wareegga oo dhan. Qaybta labaad waa gaabis - heeso. xarunta. xuddun u ah laxanka laxanka leh, muujinta la xidhiidha iskeed. waayo-aragnimada aadanaha. Aasaaska nooca qaybtan waa hees, aria, chorale. Waxay isticmaashaa qaabab kala duwan. Rondo waa kan ugu yar, qaabka sonata oo aan horumarin, qaabka kala duwanaansho waa mid aad u badan. Qaybta saddexaad waxay u jeedisaa dareenka sawirada dibadda, nolol maalmeedka, walxaha qoob ka ciyaarka. J. Haydn iyo WA Mozart, tani waa hal daqiiqo. L. Beethoven, adoo isticmaalaya minuet, laga bilaabo sonata 2aad ee biyaano. isaga oo la socda, wuxuu soo bandhigay scherzo (mararka qaarkood sidoo kale laga helo afargeesyada Haydn). Scherzo, oo ay ka buuxaan bilow cayaareed, waxaa badanaa lagu kala soocaa dhaq-dhaqaaq laastikada ah, beddelaad lama filaan ah, iyo kala duwanaansho caqli-gal ah. Qaabka minuet iyo scherzo waa 3-qaybood oo adag oo leh saddex qaybood. Dhamaadka wareegga, soo celinta dabeecadda muusiga ee qaybta hore, waxay inta badan ku soo saartaa qaab guud oo guud, dhinaca hiddaha. Isaga, dhaqdhaqaaqa farxadda leh, abuurista dhalanteedka ficilka ballaaran ayaa ah mid caadi ah. Foomamka laga helo finalka waa rondo, sonata, rondo-sonata, iyo kala duwanaansho.

Halabuurka lagu tilmaamay waxaa lagu magacaabi karaa spiral-closed. Nooc cusub oo fikradeed ayaa qaab ka sameysan Beethoven's 5th symphony (1808). Dhamaadka heesaha oo leh dhawaaqa geesinimada leh ee geesinimada leh - tani maaha soo noqoshada dabeecadda muusikada dhaqdhaqaaqa ugu horreeya, laakiin ujeedada horumarinta dhammaan qaybaha wareegga. Sidaa darteed, halabuurka noocan oo kale ah waxaa lagu magacaabi karaa dadaal toos ah. Xilligii Beethoven ka dib, wareegga noocan ah wuxuu bilaabay inuu ciyaaro door muhiim ah oo gaar ah. Eray cusub waxa uu Beethoven ku yidhi riwaayadii 9-aad (1824) ee gebogebadii uu soo bandhigay fanaaniinta. G. Berlioz ee barnaamijkiisa "Symphony Fantastic" (1830) wuxuu ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee isticmaala leitteme - "mawduuca-jilaa", wax ka beddelka kuwaas oo lala xiriirinayo sheeko suugaaneed.

Mustaqbalka, xalal badan oo shakhsi ahaaneed S.-ts. f. Farsamooyinka cusub ee ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah isticmaalka mawduuca ugu muhiimsan ee ka-hortagga la xidhiidha qaabka ugu weyn. fanka fikrado iyo dun cas oo dhexmarta wareegga oo dhan ama qaybihiisa gaarka ah (PI Tchaikovsky, 5th symphony, 1888, AN Skryabin, 3rd symphony, 1903), isku darka dhammaan qaybaha mid si joogto ah u soo baxaya oo dhan, wareeg joogto ah, galay qaab ka duwan isku dhafan (isku mid ah Scriabin symphony).

G. Mahler wuxuu si aad ah ugu isticmaalaa wok-ga muusiga. bilawga (soloist, choir), iyo heestii 8aad (1907) iyo "Heesta Dhulka" (1908) waxa lagu qoray synthetic. nooca symphony-cantata, oo ay isticmaalaan halabuurayaasha kale. P. Hindemith sanadkii 1921 waxa uu abuuray badeeco. Hoosta magaca "Muusik Rugta" ee orkestarada yar yar. Tan iyo wakhtigaas, magaca "muusigga" wuxuu noqonayaa magacaabista mid ka mid ah noocyada wareegga sonata. Nooc ka mid ah riwaayada orkestra, soo noolaynta qarnigii 20aad. Dhaqanka preclassical, sidoo kale wuxuu noqdaa mid ka mid ah noocyada S. – cf ("Concerto qaabkii hore" ee Reger, 1912, Krenek's Concerti grossi, 1921 iyo 1924, iwm.). Waxa kale oo jira qaar badan oo shakhsi ahaan iyo synthetic ah. noocyada kala duwan ee foomkan, oo aan ku habboonayn habaynta.

Tixraacyo: Catuar GL, Foomka muusiga, qaybta 2, M., 1936; Sposobin IV, qaabka muusiga, M.-L., 1947, 4972, b. 138, 242-51; Livanova TN, Riwaayadda muusiga ee JS Bach iyo xidhiidhkeeda taariikheed, qaybta 1, M., 1948; Skrebkov SS, Falanqaynta shuqullada muusikada, M., 1958, p. 256-58; Mazel LA, Qaab dhismeedka shaqooyinka muusiga, M., 1960, p. 400-13; Qaab muusik, (hoos tafatirka guud ee Yu. H. Tyulin), M., 1965, p. 376-81; Reuterstein M., On midnimada qaabka sonata-cyclic ee Tchaikovsky, ee Sat. Su'aalaha Foomka Muusiga, vol. 1, M., 1967, b. 121-50; Protopov VV, Mabaadi'da qaabka muusiga Beethoven, M., 1970; isaga u gaar ah, On foomka sonata-cyclic ee shuqullada Chopin, ee Sat. Su'aalaha Foomka Muusiga, vol. 2, Moscow, 1972; Barsova I., Dhibaatooyinka qaabka Mahler's symphonies hore, ibid., iyada u gaar ah, Gustav Mahler's Symphonies, M., 1975; Simakova I. On su'aasha ah ee noocyada noocyada symphony, ee Sat. Su'aalaha Foomka Muusiga, vol. 2, Moscow, 1972; Prout E., Foomamka Codsaday, L., 1895 Sondhetmer R., Die formale Entwicklung der vorklassischen Sinfonie, "AfMw", 1910, Jahrg. afar; Neu G. von, Der Strukturwandel der zyklischen Sonatenform, "NZfM", 232, Jahrg. 248, sanadka 1922

VP Bobrovsky