Andrey Yakovlevich Eshpay |

Andrey Eshpay

Hal-is-waafaji – adduun is-beddelaya… Codka ummad kastaa waa in uu ka dhawaajiyaa hal-xidhaalaha meeraha, tanina waa suurtogal haddii farshaxan-qoraa, sawir-qaade, laxan-abuure- uu fikirkiisa iyo dareenkiisa ku muujiyo afkiisa hooyo. Inta uu fannaanku qaran yahay, waa shakhsiyaddiisa. A. Eshpay

Siyaabo badan, taariikh nololeedka fannaanka laftiisa ayaa go'aamiyay taabashada ixtiraamka leh ee asalka ah ee farshaxanka. Aabbihii curiyaha, Y. Eshpay, oo ka mid ah aasaasayaashii fanka xirfadda ee Mari, ayaa wiilkiisa ku beeray jacaylka fanka dadweynaha shaqadiisa naf-hurnimada leh. Sida laga soo xigtay A. Eshpay, "Aabuhu wuxuu ahaa mid muhiim ah, qoto dheer, caqli badan iyo xeelad badan, aad u xishood badan - muusikiiste run ah oo awood u leh inuu is-diidsiiyo. Aqoon-yahan weyn oo sheeko-xariireedkan, waxa uu u ekaa in uu dhinac uga sii tallaabay qoraa ahaan, isaga oo arkayay waajibka ka saaran in uu dadka gaadhsiiyo quruxda iyo haybadda fikirka dadnimo. Waxa uu garowsaday in aanay suurtagal ahayn in lagu jaangooyo miisaanka Mari pentatonic… mid kasta oo kale oo iswaafaqsan oo madaxbannaan, laakiin ka fog nidaamka farshaxanka dadweynaha. Mar walba waan garan karaa asalka shaqadii aabbahay.

A. Eshpay laga soo bilaabo carruurnimadii wuxuu nuugay taariikhda dadka kala duwan ee gobolka Volga, dhammaan nidaamka lyric-epic ee gobolka qallafsan ee Ugric. Dagaalku wuxuu noqday mawduuc gaar ah oo naxdin leh oo ku saabsan nolosha iyo shaqada muusigga - wuxuu lumiyay walaalkiis ka weyn, kaas oo xusuustiisu u heellan tahay heesta quruxda badan ee "Muscovites" ("Earring with Malaya Bronna"), saaxiibo. Kooxda sahanka, Eshpay waxay ka qayb qaadatay xoraynta Warsaw, hawlgalkii Berlin. Casharradii muusiga ee uu hakiyay dagaalku waxay dib uga bilowdeen Moscow Conservatory, halkaas oo Eshpay uu wax ku bartay N. Rakov, N. Myaskovsky, E. Golubev iyo biyaano V. Sofronitsky. Waxa uu dhammaystay waxbarashadiisii ​​heerka koowaad ee jaamacadda, isaga oo uu hoggaaminayey A. Khachaturian sannadkii 1956kii.

Waqtigaan, Qoob-ka-cayaarka Symphonic on themes Mari (1951), Hungarian Melodies for violin iyo orchestra (1952), First Piano Concerto (1954, 2nd edition - 1987), First Violin Concerto (1956) ayaa la abuuray. Shaqooyinkani waxay caan ku noqdeen curiyaha, waxay fureen mawduucyada ugu muhiimsan ee shaqadiisa, hal-abuurnimo waxay ka horyimaadeen amarrada macallimiintiisa. Waa dabeecadda in Khachaturian, oo isaga ku beeray, sida uu qabo laxamiistaha, "dhadhanka miisaanka", ayaa si weyn u saameeya fikradaha Eshpai ee ku saabsan nooca riwaayadaha.

Gaar ahaan waxa tilmaan u ah Concerto-ka violin ee ugu horreeya oo leh qarax dabeecadeed, cusub, degdeg u muujinta dareenka, rafcaanka furan ee dadweynaha iyo erayada nooca. Eshpay sidoo kale wuxuu ku dhow yahay Khachaturian jacaylkiisa qaabka M. Ravel, kaas oo si gaar ah loogu dhawaaqay shaqadiisii ​​piano (First Piano Concerto, First Piano Sonatina - 1948). Is-waafajinta, cusubaanta, is-qaadsiinta dareenka iyo deeqsinimada midabka leh ayaa sidoo kale midaysa sayidyadan.

Mawduuca Myaskovsky waa qayb gaar ah oo ka mid ah shaqada Eshpay. Jagooyinka anshaxa, sawirka muusikiiste Soofiyeedka aadka u wanaagsan, ilaaliyaha dhabta ah iyo dib u habeynta dhaqanka, ayaa u soo baxay inuu yahay mid ku habboon taageerayaashiisa. Laxamiistaha ayaa weli daacad u ah qaynuunka Myaskovsky: "inaad daacad ahaato, aad u fiirsato fanka oo aad hogaamiso khadkiisa." Shaqooyinka xusuusta ee xasuusta Myaskovsky waxay la xiriiraan magaca macalinka: Organ Passacaglia (1950), Kala duwanaanshaha Orchestra ee mawduuca Myaskovsky's Sixteenth Symphony (1966), Concerto Violin Second (1977), Viola Concerto (1987-88). kaas oo walxaha xubinta Passacaglia loo adeegsaday. Saamaynta Myaskovsky ee habdhaqanka Eshpay ee sheeko-xariireedka ayaa ahaa mid aad u muhiim ah: ka dib macalinkiisa, laxamiistaha ayaa u yimid fasiraadda astaanta ah ee heesaha dadweynaha, si ay isugu yimaadaan lakabyo dhaqameed oo kala duwan oo dhaqanka ah. Magaca Myaskovsky waxa kale oo lala xidhiidhiyaa rafcaan loo qaato dhaqan kale oo ugu muhiimsan Eshpay, kaas oo lagu soo celceliyo curisyo badan, laga bilaabo ballet "Goobo" ("Xusuusnow!" - 1979), - heeso Znamenny. Ugu horreyntii, afraad (1980), shanaad (1986), lixaad ("Liturgical" Symphony (1988), Choral Concerto (1988) waxay muujinaysaa, marka hore, is-waafajinta, iftiiminta, mabda'a ethos, sifooyinka asalka ah ee miyir-qabka qaranka, mabaadi'da aasaasiga ah ee dhaqanka Ruushka Muhiimadda gaarka ah waxay helaysaa mawduuc kale oo muhiim ah shaqada Eshpay - lyrical. Rooted ee dhaqanka, marnaba uma soo jeesan gardarrada shakhsi ahaaneed, tayada aan la dabooli karin ayaa lagu xoojiyay xakamaynta iyo adag, ujeedo muujinta, iyo badiyaa xiriir toos ah oo lala yeesho dareenka bulshada.

Xalka mawduuca milatariga, noocyada xusuusta, rafcaanka soo jeedinta dhacdooyinka - haddii ay tahay dagaal, taariikhaha xusuusta ee taariikhiga ah - waa mid gaar ah, iyo erayada had iyo jeer waxay ku jiraan fahamkooda. Shaqooyinka noocan oo kale ah sida First (1959), Second (1962) symphonies, imbued iftiin ( epigraph of First - erayada V. Mayakovsky "Waa in aan faraxno maalmaha soo socda", epigraph ee labaad - "Amaan". Iftiinka"), Cantata "Lenin nala socota" (1968), taas oo caan ku ah soo jiidashada u eg, dhalaalka ereyada ee muujinta iyo isla mar ahaantaana muuqaalka ugu quruxda badan, ayaa dhigay aasaaska isku-dhafka asalka ah ee asalka ah aftahanimo iyo murti, ujeedo iyo shakhsi, oo muhiim u ah shaqooyinka waaweyn ee curiyaha. Midnimada "oohin iyo ammaan, naxariis iyo ammaan" (D. Likhachev), oo aad muhiim u ah dhaqankii hore ee Ruushka, ayaa lagu sii waday noocyo kala duwan. Gaar ahaan caan waa Symphony Saddexaad (Xusuusta Aabbahay, 1964), Violin-ka Labaad iyo Viola Concerto, nooc ka mid ah wareegga weyn - Symphonies-ka afaraad, shanaad iyo lixaad, riwaayadda choral. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, macnaha mawduuca lyrical wuxuu helayaa calaamado calaamad iyo falsafad, nadiifin badan oo ka yimaada wax kasta oo dibadda ah, mawduuc-sarreed, xusuusta waxaa lagu dhejiyaa qaab tusaale ah. Waxaa muhiim ah in mawduuca heesta laga beddelo sheeko-sheeko-folklore iyo sheeko-jacayl-jacayl oo ku jirta ballet Angara (1975) loona beddelo sawirka guud ee goobabada ballet digniinta (Xusuuso!). Muhiimadda caalamiga ah ee shaqo-u-hurinta oo ay la socoto arrin naxdin leh, mararka qaarkoodna micne murugo leh ayaa sii kordhaya oo muuqda. Aragtida sare loo qaaday ee dabeecadda iskahorimaadka ee dunida casriga ah iyo dareenka falcelinta faneed ee tayadan ayaa la jaan qaadaya mas'uuliyadda curiyaha ee hidaha iyo dhaqanka. Nuxurka sawirku waa "Heesaha Buurta iyo Meadow Mari" (1983). Halabuurkan, oo ay weheliso Concerto for oboe and orkestra (1982), ayaa la guddoonsiiyay Abaalmarinta Lenin.

Ujeeddo-lyrical cod iyo "heesaha" codka midabka fasiraadda nooca riwaayadda, taas oo ka kooban mabda'a shakhsi. Lagu muujiyay qaabab kala duwan - xusuus, fal meditative, ee madadaalada ee sheeko-folkre, racfaan ka mid ah qaab dib u fakar ee concerto grosso hore, mawduucan waxaa si joogto ah u difaacay laxamiistaha. Isla mar ahaantaana, nooca riwaayadaha, sida halabuurka kale, laxanku wuxuu horumariyaa mawduucyo cayaareed, damaashaad, riwaayad, midab khafiif ah, iyo tamarta geesinimada leh ee laxanka. Tani waxay si gaar ah loogu arki karaa Concerto for Orchestra (1966), Second Piano (1972), Oboe (1982) Concertos, iyo Concerto for Saxophone (1985-86) waxaa lagu magacaabi karaa "sawir hagaajin". "Hal is-waafajin - adduun is-beddelaya" - erayadan ka soo baxay ballet "Goobo" waxay u adeegi karaan sidii sawir-gacmeedka shaqada sayidkiisa. Wareejinta is-waafajinta, damaashaadka ee colaadaha iyo adduunyada murugsan waxay gaar u tahay curiyaha.

Isla mar ahaantaana iyadoo la raacayo dulucda mawduuca caadooyinka, Eshpay waxay had iyo jeer u noqotaa kuwa cusub iyo kuwa aan la aqoon. Isku-dhafka dabiiciga ah ee dhaqanka iyo hal-abuurka cusubi waxay ku jiraan aragtiyaha habka curinta iyo shaqada curiyaha laftiisa. Ballaca iyo xorriyadda fahamka hawlaha hal-abuurka ayaa ka muuqda habka loo wajaho agabka noociisa ah. Waxa la og yahay in mawduuca jazzka iyo ereyadu ay meel gaar ah kaga jiraan shaqada curiyaha. Jazz isaga ayaa si uun u ah ilaaliyaha muusigga laftiisa, iyo sidoo kale sheeko-dhaqameedka. Laxamiistaha ayaa si weyn u fiirsaday heesta guud iyo mashaakilkeeda, muusiga fudud, fanka filimada, taas oo muhiim u ah marka la eego awooda riwaayadeed iyo muujinta, isha fikrado madax banaan. Dunida muusikada iyo xaqiiqda nool waxay ka muuqdaan xiriirka dabiiciga ah: sida laga soo xigtay laxamiistaha, "adduunka cajiibka ah ee muusiga lama xidho, maaha mid go'doon ah, laakiin waa qayb ka mid ah caalamka, oo magaciisu yahay nolosha."

M. Lobanova