Diatonic |

laga bilaabo dia Giriigga - iyada oo loo marayo, weheliso iyo tonos - cod (dhammaan cod), xarfo - la socda dhawaaqyada

Nidaam toddobo dhawaaq ah, oo dhammaan codadkooda lagu habeyn karo shan meelood meel qumman. Sidan, tusaale ahaan, waa isku xigxiga inta u dhaxaysa Giriigga kale. tetrachord diatonic: e1 – d1 – c1 – h (laba dhawaaq oo dhan iyo semitone) tetrachord e1 - des1 - c 1 - h (dhammaan codadka). Diatonic waa kuwa u dhexeeya iyo chords kuwaas oo laga heli karo silsilad lix meelood shan meelood loo dhigay (tusaale waxa lagu bixiyaa furaha C-dur):

(mararka qaar tritone sida kala duwanaanshiyaha afaraad saafi ah ama shanaad saafi ah looma qaato sidii diatonic, laakiin sida dhexda chromatic).

Waxaa jira xiriir adag oo u dhexeeya tirada dura ee isku nooc ah iyo tirada tillaabooyinka shanaad (Q) ee samaynaya muddadan dhexda ah D saafi ah inta u dhaxaysa wadarta tirada codadka ee nidaamka iyo tirada tallaabooyinka shanaad:

h. hore, h. octave (0Q) waxay dhacdaa 7 jeer (7-0), h. shanaad, h. rubuc (1Q) waxay dhacdaa 6 jeer (7-1), b. labaad, m. toddobaad (2Q) waxay dhacdaa 5 jeer (7-2), b. lixaad, m. saddexaad (3Q) waxay dhacdaa 4 jeer (7-3), b. saddexaad, m. lixaad (4Q) waxay dhacdaa 3 jeer (7-4), b. toddobaad, m. labaad (5Q) waxay dhacdaa 2 jeer (7-5), tritone (6Q) waxay dhacdaa 1 mar (7-6).

Dhexdhexaadinta ayaa sidoo kale loo tixgaliyaa diatonic xaaladahaas marka ay ku abuurmaan tillaabooyin chromatically beddelay (tusaale, as-b waa cod dhan diatonic, labadaba macnaha guud iyo furaha, tusaale ahaan, C-dur). Isla sidaas oo kale ayaa khuseysa chords (tusaale, ges-b-des gudaha C-dur waa chord diatonic oo miisaan aan diatonic ahayn). Sidaa darteed, GL Catoire wuxuu kala soocaa chromatic chord. asal ahaan (tusaale ahaan, d-fis-as-c) iyo chromatic. booska (tusaale, des-f-sida ku jirta C-dur). Noocyo badan oo Giriigii hore ah ayaa ah diatonic, iyo sidoo kale hababka dhexe iyo hababka kale ee dabiiciga ah, oo ay ku jiraan Ionian (dabiiciga weyn) iyo hababka Aeolian (dabiiciga yar):

Macnaha guud, waxa loogu yeero. Hababka diatonic shuruudaysan, qaababka diatonic ee doorsooma, nidaamyada iyo miisaanka (eeg qaabka). Qaar ka mid ah hababkan, oo ay weheliyaan tones iyo semitones, weyneynta ayaa sidoo kale gasha. labaad.

Anhemitonic pentatonic (sida ku cad ereybixinta Catoire, "protodiatonic") iyo qarniyadii dhexe. hexachords waxa loo tarjumi karaa inay yihiin diatonic aan dhamaystirnayn. nidaamyada.

Mararka qaarkood nidaamyada 12-cod (12-tallaabo) ayaa loo yaqaan 'diatonic', tallaabo kasta oo loola dhaqmo si madax bannaan. Isla mar ahaantaana, macne ka duwan ayaa la gelinayaa fikradda D.: D. oo ah set aasaasiga ah. Tallaabooyinka (AS Ogolevets, MM Skorik).

Giriigga kale. D. Muusigu waxa uu ahaa mid ka mid ah saddexda niyadda ee modal ("genera"), oo ay weheliso chromaticity, kaas oo isticmaalay laba ilbiriqsi oo yar oo isku xigta, iyo sidoo kale koror. labaad, iyo anharmonics, kuwaas oo gaar ah kuwaas oo ahaa durado ka yar semitone. Giriigga muusiggu wuxuu la mid yahay dhaqamada kale ee monophonic ee hore, gaar ahaan kuwa Bariga dhow iyo Mediterranean-ka.

Noocyada kala duwan ee D. waxay aasaas u yihiin Galbeedka Yurub. iyo fanka heesaha-heesaha Ruushka, iyo sidoo kale prof. Muusiga Yurub (Gregorian heesta), gaar ahaan ka dib markii la oggolaaday polyphony-ga oo ah nooca ugu sarreeya ee muusiga. soo bandhigid. harmonic mideynta codadka waxaa lagu fuliyaa ugu horreyn iyadoo la kaashanayo ficilka isku xirka ee shibbanayaasha ugu fudud - shanaad iyo afraad, iyo isku-dubbaridka afraad ee codadka ayaa gacan ka geysta muujinta diatonic. xiriirka.

Nidaamka hexachords, oo baahsan ilaa waqtigii Guido d'Arezzo (eeg Solmization), ayaa lagu hagaajiyay gudaha qaabka diatonic-ka guud. kala duwanaanshaha nidaamka nidaamka (gaar ahaan isbeddelada

-molle iyo

-durum, ie b iyo h). Kala duwanaanshaha moodeelka la midka ah ayaa sidoo kale sifo Ruush ah. Muusiga kaniisadda (h hoose iyo b sare, eeg "miisaanka maalin kasta" ee tusaalaha sare). Waxa taas la xidhiidha hab-dhaqanka codadka lagu calaamadiyo dec. jilayaasha muhiimka ah, tusaale. iyada oo aan lahayn calaamado codka sare ah iyo mid dabaq ah oo hoose.

G. de Macho. Ballad 1. Ci comencent les balades ou il ha hees, baararka 1-3.

Iyada oo la aasaasay xukunka "harmonic. tonality” — weyn iyo mid yar (ilaa qarnigii 17aad), nooc cusub oo qalabayn ah, oo ku salaysan func. nidaam ka kooban saddex qaybood oo waaweyn - tonics, maamulayaasha iyo maamul-hoosaadyada, oo ay isku xidhan yihiin xidhiidhka shanaad ee ugu xooggan. Xakamaynta dhexe ee habka ku salaysan func. wada noolaanshaha waxay keenaysaa samaynta chord-harmonic cusub. isku xirka dhawaaqyada qaabka (tusaale ahaan, C-dur, tone d waxay ku xiran tahay asalka tonic iyada oo loo marayo codka ugu weyn ee g, tone e - oo ka tirsan triad tonic, f - sida codka ugu weyn. ee maamul-hoosaadka, iwm.), Kaas oo lagu xaqiiqsaday sida taxanaha ah ee chords (aragti ahaan waxaa caddeeyey JF Rameau). Qaybaha aan-diatonic-ka ahayn iyo chromatics waxay ku dhisan yihiin D. labadaba si laxan iyo chordally-is waafaqsan iyadoo la beddelayo, isku darka aaladaha diatonic ee aan la midka ahayn. xubno isku xigxiga iyo isku simultaneity (polydiatonic).

Markay tahay 19 – dawarsi Qarnigii 20aad, dhinac, D. hore ayaa dib loo soo nooleeyay iyo D. Nar. bakhaar iyo meel u dhow (ee F. Chopin, F. Liszt, E. Grieg, K. Debussy, gaar ahaan laxanka Ruush - MI Glinka, MA Balakirev, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, MP Mussorgsky iyo kuwa kale).

Dhanka kale, waxaa jira u gudubka chromaticity oo ah saldhigga qaabka dhererka. Bilowgii habkan waxaa dhigay "Tristan" ee R. Wagner. Si buuxda u beddelay jamac chromatic. laxamiistayaashii qarnigii 20aad, gaar ahaan wakiilada dugsiga cusub ee Viennese.

AK Lyadov. Sideed heesood oo Ruush ah. III. Xarig-jiid

Muusiga qarniga 20-aad waxaa loo adeegsadaa noocyada kala duwan ee D.: D. nar. bakhaar, u dhow classic. weyn iyo mid yar; D. in decomp. wax ka beddelka, polylady, polydiatonic. isku-dhafka ah (IF Stravinsky, SV Rachmaninov, SS Prokofiev, DD Shostakovich, B. Bartok). Badanaa D. waxay ku sii jirtaa oo kaliya aasaas ahaan, in ka badan ama ka yar oo xijaaban (SS Prokofiev, DD Shostakovich, P. Hindemith), ama waxay u muuqataa inay tahay qayb muhiim ah oo aan diatonic ahayn. qaab-dhismeedyada (goobaha diatonic ayaa lagu calaamadeeyay qaws):

SS Prokofiev. "Betrothal ee keniisad" ("Duenna"). sawirka 2aad, dhamaadka.

Tixraacyo: Serov AN, Heesta Ruushka ee maadada sayniska, "Xilliga Muusiga", 1869/70, Maya 18, 1870/71, Maya No 6 iyo 13; Petr VI, Halabuurka, qaab-dhismeedka iyo hababka muusigii Giriiggii hore, K., 1901; Catuar GL, Koorsada is-waafajinta aragtida, qaybta 1, M., 1924; Tyulin Yu. N., Barista ku saabsan wada noolaanshaha, qaybta 1, L., 1937, 1966; isaga u gaar ah, Hababka dabiiciga ah iyo beddelka, M., 1971; Ogolevets AS, Aasaaska luqadda iswaafajinta, M.-L., 1941; Kastalsky AD, Aasaaska polyphony-ga dadweynaha, M.-L., 1948; Sposobin IV, Aragtida Dugsiga Hoose ee Muusiga, M., 1951, 1958; Kushnarev XS, Su'aalaha taariikhda iyo aragtida muusiga monodic ee Armenia, L., 1958; Berkov VO, Harmony, qaybta 1, M., 1962; 1970; Skorik MM, Prokofiev iyo Schoenberg, "SM", 1962, No 1; Karklin LA, Guudmar khibrad wax ku ool ah, "SM", 1965, Maya 7; Sohor AH, Ku Saabsan Dabeecadda iyo Fursadaha Muujin ee Diatonicism, gudaha: Su'aalaha Aragtida iyo Quruxda Muusiga, vol. 4, L.-M., 1965; Sposobin IV, Muxaadarooyin ku saabsan koorsada wada noolaanshaha, M., 1969; Kotlyarevsky IA, Diatonics iyo Chromatics sida Qaybta Muusigga Myslennia, Kipv, 1971; Bochkareva O., Noocyada qaar ee diatonic ee muusiga casriga ah, ku jira: Muusiga iyo Casriga, vol. 7, M., 1971; Sigitov S., Nidaamka moodeelka Bela Bartok ee xilliga dambe ee hal-abuurka, ururinta: Dhibaatooyinka qaabka, M., 1972.

Yu. H. Kholopov