Fantasy |

laga bilaabo pantaoia Giriigga - mala-awaal; lat. iyo itaal. fantasia, Fantasia Jarmal, fantaisie Faransiis, Eng. fantastik ah, fantastik ah, fantastik ah

1) Nooc ka mid ah muusiga qalabka (mararka qaarkood codka), sifooyinka shakhsi ahaaneed ee lagu muujiyay ka leexashada hab-dhaqameedyada dhismaha ee caadiga ah waqtigooda, in ka yar inta badan nuxur aan caadi ahayn ee caadooyinka. nidaamka ka kooban. Fikradaha ku saabsan F. waxay ku kala duwanaayeen muusikada iyo taariikhda kala duwan. era, laakiin mar walba xudduudaha hiddaha ayaa ahaa kuwo caajis ah: qarniyadii 16-17. F. waxay ku biirtay ricercar, toccata, dabaqa 2aad. Qarnigii 18-aad - oo leh sonata, qarnigii 19-aad. - gabay iwm. Ph. waxay had iyo jeer la xidhiidha noocyada iyo qaababka caadiga ah waqti go'an. Isla mar ahaantaana, shaqada loo yaqaan F. waa isku-dhafka aan caadiga ahayn ee "ereyada" (qaab-dhismeed, macno leh) kuwaas oo caadi u ah xilligaan. Heerka qaybinta iyo xorriyadda nooca F. waxay ku xiran tahay horumarinta muusikyada. foomamka xilli la bixiyay: xilliyada amarka, hal qaab ama qaab kale oo adag (16th - horraantii qarniyadii 17aad, farshaxanka baroque ee qeybtii 1aad ee qarnigii 18aad), oo lagu calaamadiyay "ubax raaxo leh" F.; liddi ku ah, dabcinta foomamka "adag" ee la aasaasay (romanticism) iyo gaar ahaan soo bixitaanka qaababka cusub (qarnigii 20aad) waxaa weheliya hoos u dhaca tirada falsafada iyo korodhka ururkooda qaabdhismeed. Horumarka nooca F. waa mid aan kala sooc lahayn horumarinta qalabaynta guud ahaan: muddada taariikhda F. waxay ku beegan tahay xilliga guud ee Galbeedka Yurub. dacwad muusik. F. waa mid ka mid ah noocyada ugu da'da weyn ee instr. muusik, laakiin, ka duwan inta badan instr hore. noocyada u horumaray ee la xidhiidha maansada. hadalka iyo dheesha. dhaqdhaqaaqa (canzona, suite), F. waxay ku salaysan tahay muusik habboon. naqshadaha. Soo bixitaanka F. waxa ay tilmaamaysaa bilawga. Qarnigii 16aad Mid ka mid ah asalkiisu wuxuu ahaa hagaajin. B. h hore F. loogu talagalay qalabka la rujiyay: badan. F. waayo lute iyo vihuela waxaa laga abuuray Italy (F. da Milano, 1547), Spain (L. Milan, 1535; M. de Fuenllana, 1554), Germany (S. Kargel), France (A. Rippe). England (T. Morley). F. marka loo eego clavier iyo xubinta waxa ay ahaayeen kuwo aad uga yar (F. in Organ Tablature by X. Kotter, Fantasia allegre by A. Gabrieli). Caadi ahaan waxaa lagu kala soocaa ka-hortagga, inta badan si joogto ah ugu dayan. soo bandhigid; kuwan F. waxay aad ugu dhow yihiin capriccio, toccata, tiento, canzone oo aan mar walba suurtogal ahayn in la go'aamiyo sababta riwaayadda loogu yeero sida saxda ah F. (tusaale, F. hoos ku qoran wuxuu u eg yahay richercar). Magaca kiiskan waxa lagu macneeyay caadadu in loogu yeedho F. Ricercar la hagaajiyay ama si xor ah loo dhisay (habaynta codka motets, kala duwan ee ruuxa gudaha, ayaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan).

F. da Milano. Fantasy for lutes.

Qarnigii 16-aad F. sidoo kale ma aha wax aan caadi ahayn, kaas oo si xor ah u maamula codadka (ku xiran, gaar ahaan, siyaabaha codka ee u horseedaya qalabka la rujiyay) dhab ahaantii waxay keenaysaa bakhaar xargo leh oo leh bandhig u eg marin-u-dhigis.

L. Milan Fantasy for vihuela.

Qarnigii 17-aad F. aad ayuu caan uga noqday Ingiriiska. G. Purcell wuxuu la hadlayaa iyada (tusaale, "Fantasy for one sound"); J. Bull, W. Bird, O. Gibbons, iyo bikrad-yaqaannada kale waxay F. ku soo dhawaadaan dhaqanka. Foomka Ingiriisiga - dhulka (waxaa muhiim ah in kala duwanaanshaha magaceedu - cajiib - uu ku beegmo mid ka mid ah magacyada F.). Waagii ugu wacnaa ee F. qarnigii 17aad. la xidhiidha org. muusik. F. at J. Frescobaldi waxay tusaale u yihiin firfircoonida, hagaajinta dabeecadda; "khiyaaliga chromatic" ee macalinka Amsterdam J. Sweelinck (isku dara sifooyinka fugue fudud oo adag, ricercar, kala duwanaansho polyphonic) ayaa ka marag kacaysa dhalashada qalab taallo ah. qaabka; S. Scheidt waxa ay ku shaqaysay isla caado la mid ah, si loo sameeyo oo loo yaqaan F. contrapuntal. habaynta chorale iyo kala duwanaanta heesta. Hawl-wadeennadan iyo muusikleyda waxay diyaariyeen guulaha waaweyn ee JS Bach. Waqtigaan, dabeecadda F. waxaa lagu go'aamiyay shaqada kor u kaca, xiisaha ama riwaayadaha. dabeecad leh xorriyadda caadiga ah ee beddelka iyo horumarka ama qallafsanaanta isbeddellada muuska. sawirada; noqday ku dhawaad ​​hagaajinta waajib ah. curiye abuura ra'yiga muujinta tooska ah, sarraynta ciyaarta kediska ah ee male-awaalka ee qorshaha halabuur ee ula kac ah. Shaqada xubinta iyo clavier ee Bach, F. waa kan ugu naxariis badan uguna jaceylka badan. nooc F. gudaha Bach (sida D. Buxtehude iyo GF Telemann, kuwaas oo isticmaala mabda'a da capo ee F.) gabal (F. iyo fugue for organ g-moll, BWV 542), ama loo isticmaalo hordhac ahaan. qaybo ka mid ah suuit (oo loogu talagalay violin iyo clavier A-dur, BWV 1025), partita (loogu talagalay clavier a-minor, BWV 827), ama, ugu dambeyntii, waxay u jiraan sidii madax banaan. prod. (F. ee xubinta G-dur BWV 572). Bach, adkaanta ururku kama hor imanayo mabda'a xorta ah F. Tusaale ahaan, Chromatic Fantasy iyo Fugue, xorriyadda soo-bandhigidda waxaa lagu muujiyay isku-dar geesinimo leh oo ka mid ah qaababka noocyada kala duwan - org. texture hagaajinta, recitative iyo habayn sawireed ee chorale. Dhammaan qaybaha waxaa la isku hayaa caqli-gal ah dhaqdhaqaaqa furayaasha T ilaa D, oo ay ku xigto joogsiga S iyo ku noqoshada T (sidaa darteed, mabda'a qaabka hore ee labada qaybood ayaa la kordhiyey F.). Sawir la mid ah ayaa sidoo kale sifo u ah khiyaaliyada kale ee Bach; in kasta oo ay inta badan ka buuxaan ku dayasho, xoogga qaabaynta ugu weyn ee iyaga ku jira waa wada noolaanshaha. Ladoharmonic qaabka qaabka waxaa lagu muujin karaa iyada oo loo marayo Giant org. dhibcood taageeraya tonics ee furayaasha hogaaminaya.

Kala duwanaansho gaar ah oo Bach's F. ah waa qabanqaabada heesaha qaarkood (tusaale, "Fantasia super: Komm, heiliger Geist, Herre Gott", BWV 651), mabaadi'da horumarinta kuwaas oo aan ku xadgudbin caadooyinka hiddaha heesaha. Fasiraadda aadka u xorta ah waxay kala saartaa dhalanteedka, inta badan khiyaaliga ka baxsan ee FE Bach. Sida laga soo xigtay hadaladiisa (buugga "Khibrada habka saxda ah ee ciyaarta clavier", 1753-62), "khayaali waxaa loogu yeeraa bilaash marka furayaal badan ay ku lug leeyihiin marka loo eego gabal la sameeyay ama lagu hagaajiyay mitir adag… Waxay ka kooban tahay tuducyo iswaafaqsan oo kala duwan kuwaas oo lagu ciyaari karo siyaalo jajaban ama dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee jaantusyada… Khiyaaliga xorta ah ee aan xeeladda lahayn ayaa ku fiican muujinta shucuurta."

Heeso wareersan. mala-awaalka WA Mozart (clavier F. d-moll, K.-V. 397) ayaa ka marag kacaya jacaylka. fasiraadda nooca. Xaaladaha cusub waxay buuxiyaan shaqadooda muddada dheer. xabbadood (laakiin ma fugue, laakiin si sonata: F. iyo sonata c-moll, K.-V. 475, 457), dib u abuuraan mabda'a beddelka homophonic iyo polyphonic. bandhigyo (org. F. f-moll, K.-V. 608; nidaamka: AB A1 C A2 B1 A3, halka B ay yihiin qaybaha fugue, C waa kala duwanaansho). I. Haydn wuxuu soo bandhigay F. afartii (op. 76 No 6, part 2). L. Beethoven wuxuu xoojiyay midowga sonata iyo F. isagoo abuuray sonata 14-aad ee caanka ah, op. 27 No 2 - "Sonata quasi una Fantasia" iyo sonata op 13aad. 27 Maya 1. Wuxuu u keenay F. fikradda simphony. horumarinta, virtuoso tayada instr. concerto, taalladda oratorio: gudaha F. ee biyaano, hobolada iyo orchestra c-moll op. 80 sida heesta fanka loogu dhawaaqo (qaybta dhexe ee C-dur, oo u qoran qaab kala duwan) mawduuca, oo markii dambe loo adeegsaday "mawduuca farxadda" ee dhamaadka riwaayadda 9aad.

Romantic, tusaale ahaan. F. Schubert (taxane F. ee pianoforte ee 2 iyo 4 gacmaha, F. loogu talagalay violin iyo pianoforte op. 159), F. Mendelssohn (F. for pianoforte op. 28), F. Liszt (org. iyo pianoforte. F. .) iyo kuwa kale, hodmin F. oo leh tayo badan oo caadi ah, qotodheerta sifooyinka barnaamijka ee hore loogu muujiyay noocaan (R. Schumann, F. ee piano C-dur op. 17). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa muhiim ah in "romantic. xorriyadda”, sifada qaababka qarnigii 19-aad, ilaa xadka ugu yar waxay khusaysaa F. Waxay isticmaashaa foomamka caadiga ah - sonata (AN Skryabin, F. for piano in h-moll op. 28; S. Frank, org. F. A. -dur), wareegga sonata (Schumann, F. ee biyaano C-dur op. 17). Guud ahaan, F. qarnigii 19aad. sifo ahaan, dhinaca kale, waa isku-dhafka oo leh qaabab bilaash ah oo isku dhafan (oo ay ku jiraan gabayo), iyo dhinaca kale, oo leh rhapsodies. Mn. Halabuurrada aan sida magaca F., nuxur ahaan, waa iyaga (S. Frank, "Prelude, Chorale iyo Fugue", "Prelude, Aria iyo Finale"). Ruus laxamiistayaashu waxay F. ku soo bandhigayaan qaybta wok. (MI Glinka, "Habeenkii Venetian", "Dib u eegis habeen") iyo heeso heeso ah. muusik: shaqadooda waxaa jiray gaar ah. orc noocyo kala duwan oo ka mid ah noocyada waa khiyaali-semphonic (SV Rachmaninov, Cliff, op. 7; AK Glazunov, The Forest, op. 19, Badda, op. 28, iwm). Waxay siinayaan F. wax Ruush ah oo gaar ah. dabeecadda (MP Mussorgsky, "Night on Bild Mountain", oo ah qaabka, sida uu qabo qoraaga, waa "Ruushka iyo asalka"), ka dibna bariga ugu jecel (MA Balakirev, bariga F. "Islamey" ee fp.), ka dibna cajiib ah (AS Dargomyzhsky, "Baba Yaga" ee orchestra) midabaynta; sii falsafad ahaan shirqoolo muhiim ah (PI Tchaikovsky, "The Tempest", F. for orchestra oo ku salaysan riwaayada magaca isku midka ah ee W. Shakespeare, op. 18; "Francesca da Rimini", F. for orkestra ee ku saabsan shirqoolka Heesta 1aad ee Jahannamo ka "Majaajilada rabbaaniga ah" ee Dante, op.32).

Qarnigii 20-aad F. isagoo xor ah. nooca waa naadir (M. Reger, Choral F. ee xubinta; O. Respighi, F. ee piano iyo orkestra, 1907; JF Malipiero, Fantasy Maalin kasta ee Orchestra, 1951; O. Messiaen, F. violin iyo biyaano; M. Tedesco, F. loogu talagalay 6-xadhig gitaar iyo biyaano; A. Copland, F. loogu talagalay biyaano; A. Hovaness, F. oo ka socota Suite for piano "Shalimar"; N (I. Peiko, Concert F. geeska iyo qolka Orchestra, iwm.) Mararka qaarkood dabeecadaha neoclassical waxay ka muuqdaan F. (F. Busoni, "Counterpoint F."; P. Hindemith, sonatas for viola iyo piano - F, qaybta 1aad, S., qaybta 3aad; K. Karaev, sonata ee violin iyo biyaano, finale, J. Yuzeliunas, concerto for organ, dhaqdhaqaaqa 1aad. Tiro ka mid ah kiisas, halabuurka cusub ayaa loo isticmaalaa in F. macnaha qarnigii 20 - dodecaphony (A. Schoenberg, F. violin iyo biyaano; F. Fortner, F. dulucda "BACH" ee 2 biyaano, 9 qalab keligiis ah iyo orchestra), sonor-aleatoric. farsamooyinka (SM Slonimsky, "midabka F." ee biyaano).

Dabaqa 2aad. Qarnigii 20aad mid ka mid ah sifooyinka muhiimka ah ee falsafada - abuurista shakhsi ahaaneed, hagaajin toos ah (inta badan leh u janjeera in lagu horumariyo) qaabka - waa dabeecadda muusikada nooc kasta, iyo dareenkan, qaar badan oo ka mid ah curiyeyaasha ugu dambeeyay (for tusaale ahaan, 4-aad iyo 5-aad pianos sonatas ee BI Tishchenko) waxay ku biireen F.

2) Kaaliyaha. qeexid tilmaamaysa xorriyadda turjumaadda qaarkood. noocyada: waltz-F. (MI Glinka), Impromptu-F., Polonaise-F. (F. Chopin, op. 66,61), sonata-F. (AN Scriabin, bogga 19), dulsaarka-F. (PI Tchaikovsky, "Romeo iyo Juliet"), F. Quartet (B. Britten, "quartet fantasy" ee oboe iyo strings. trio), recitative-F. (S. Frank, sonata ee violin iyo biyaano, qaybta 3), F.-burlesque (O. Messiaen), iwm.

3) Caadi ahaan qarniyadii 19-20aad. hiddaha instr. ama orc. muusig, oo ku salaysan isticmaalka xorta ah ee mawduucyada laga soo amaahday halabuuradooda ama shaqooyinka halabuurayaasha kale, iyo sidoo kale sheeko-yaqaan (ama ku qoran dabeecadda dadweynaha). Iyada oo ku xidhan heerka hal-abuurka. dib-u-shaqaynta mawduucyada F. midkoodna wuxuu sameeyaa farshaxan cusub oo dhan ka dibna wuxuu u soo dhawaadaa si tixgalin ah, rhapsody (male-awaal badan oo Liszt, "Serbian F." ee Rimsky-Korsakov's orchestra, "F. on themes Ryabinin" ee biyaano oo leh orchestra Arensky, "Cinematic" F. . ” ee dulucda fanka muusiga “The Bull on the Roof” ee violin iyo orchestra Milhaud, iwm.), Ama waa “montage” fudud mawduucyada iyo tuducyada, oo la mid ah dheriga ee operettas qadiimiga ah, F. mawduucyada halabuurayaasha heesaha caanka ah, iwm.).

4) khiyaali hal abuur leh (Fantasie Jarmal, Fantasie) - awoodda miyir-qabka aadanaha si ay u matalaan (aragga gudaha, maqalka) ifafaale dhabta ah, muuqaalka kaas oo taariikh ahaan go'aamiya bulshooyinka. waayo-aragnimada iyo hawlaha bani-aadmiga, iyo abuurka maskaxda iyadoo la isku darayo lana farsameeyo fikradahan (dhammaan heerarka maskaxda, oo ay ku jiraan caqli-galnimada iyo miyir-beelka) ee farshaxanka. sawiro. Laga aqbalay guumaystaha. sayniska (cilmu-nafsiga, bilicda) fahamka dabeecadda hal-abuurka. F. waxay ku salaysan tahay mawqifkii Marxist ee taariikhda. iyo bulshooyinka. shuruudaha miyir-qabka aadanaha iyo aragtida Leninist ee milicsiga. Qarnigii 20aad waxa jira aragtiyo kale oo ku saabsan dabeecadda hal-abuurka. F., kuwaas oo ka muuqda waxbaristii Z. Freud, CG Jung iyo G. Maruse.

Tixraacyo: 1) Kuznetsov KA, Muusikada iyo sawirada taariikhda, M., 1937; Mazel L., Fantasia f-moll Chopin. Waayo-aragnimada falanqaynta, M., 1937, isku mid, buugiisa: Cilmi-baarista Chopin, M., 1971; Berkov VO, khiyaali Chromatic J. Sweelinka. Laga soo bilaabo taariikhda is-waafajinta, M., 1972; Miksheeva G., Fikradaha Symphonic ee A. Dargomyzhsky, ee buugga: Laga soo bilaabo taariikhda muusiga Ruushka iyo Soofiyeedka, vol. 3, M., 1978; Protopopov VV, Qoraallada taariikhda qaababka qalabka ee 1979th - horraantii qarnigii XNUMXth, M., XNUMX.

3) Marx K. iyo Engels R., On Art, vol. 1, M., 1976; Lenin VI, Materialism iyo Empirio-criticism, Poln. col. soch., 5aad, aayadda 18; isaga u gaar ah, Buugaagta Xusuus-qorka Falsafadda, ibid., vol. 29; Ferster NP, Hal-abuurka khiyaali, M., 1924; Vygotsky LS, Cilmi-nafsiga Farshaxanka, M., 1965, 1968; Averintsev SS, "Psychology Analytical" K.-G. Jung iyo qaababka khiyaaliga hal-abuurka ah, ee ku jira: On Modern Bourgeois Aesthetics, vol. 3, M., 1972; Davydov Yu., Taariikhda Marxist iyo dhibaatada dhibaatada farshaxanka, ururinta: Farshaxan bourgeois casriga ah, M., 1975; isaga, Farshaxanka falsafada bulshada ee G. Marcus, ee: Naqdin bulsheed bourgeois casriga ah ee farshaxanka, M., 1978.

TS Kyuregyan