Ferenc Erkel |

Ferenc Erkel

Sida Moniuszko ee Poland ama Smetana ee Czech Republic, Erkel waa aasaasihii opera qaranka Hungarian. Dhaqdhaqaaqa faneed iyo bulsheed ee firfircoon, waxa uu ka qayb qaatay kobcinta dhaqanka qaranka ee aan hore loo arag.

Ferenc Erkel waxa uu ku dhashay November 7, 1810 magaalada Gyula, oo ku taal koonfur-bari ee Hungary, oo ka tirsan qoys fannaaniin ah. Aabihii, macalin dugsi Jarmal ah iyo agaasimaha kooxda heesa ee kaniisadda, wuxuu baray wiilkiisa inuu ku ciyaaro piano laftiisa. Wiilku waxa uu muujiyay awood muusiko oo aad u wanaagsan, waxaana loo diray Pozsony (Pressburg, oo hadda ah caasimadda Slovakia, Bratislava). Halkan, iyada oo la raacayo hagida Heinrich Klein (saaxiibka Beethoven), Erkel waxa uu sameeyay horumar aan caadi ahayn oo degdeg ah, ugu dhakhsaha badana wuxuu caan ku noqday wareegyada muusikada jecel. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, aabbihiis wuxuu rajaynayay inuu u arko inuu yahay sarkaal, Erkel waa inuu u adkaysto halganka qoyskiisa ka hor inta uusan si buuxda u bixin xirfad farshaxan.

Dhammaadkii 20-meeyadii, waxa uu riwaayado ka dhigay magaalooyin kala duwan oo dalka ah, waxaanu 1830-1837 ku qaatay magaalada Kolozhvar ee caasimadda dalka Transylvania, halkaas oo uu si xoog leh uga shaqeeyay sidii pianist, macallin iyo kaari.

Joogista caasimadda Transylvania waxay gacan ka geysatay baraarujinta xiisaha Erkel ee sheeko-xariireedka: "Halkaas, muusiga Hungarian, oo aan dayacnay, ayaa qalbigeyga galay," laxanka ayaa mar dambe xusuustay, "sidaa darteed waxay naftayda oo dhan ka buuxisay qulqulka ugu badan. heeso qurux badan oo Hungary ah, iyagana maan awoodin in uu xoreeyo ilaa uu ku shubay wax kasta oo, sida ay aniga ila muuqatay, runtii waa in la daadiyaa.

Caannimada Erkel ee kaari ahaanta sannadihii uu joogay Kolozsvár ayaa aad u kordhay in 1838 uu awood u yeeshay inuu madax u noqdo kooxda opera ee Tiyaatarka Qaranka ee cusub ee la furay. Erkel, isagoo muujiyay tamar aad u weyn iyo karti urureed, wuxuu doortay fanaaniinta laftiisa, soo bandhigay riwaayadda, oo sameeyay tababaro. Berlioz, oo la kulmay intii uu ku guda jiray booqashadii Hungary, ayaa aad uga mahad celiyay xirfadihiisa wax qabad.

Jawiga kor u kaca dadweynaha ka hor kacaankii 1848, Erkel shaqadiisa waddani ayaa kacday. Mid ka mid ah kuwii ugu horreeyay wuxuu ahaa khiyaali-piano oo ku saabsan mawduuca dadweynaha Transylvanian, kaas oo Erkel uu yiri "waxaa ku dhashay muusiga Hungarian." "Hymn" (1845) ee erayada Kölchey ayaa helay caan ballaaran. Laakiin Erkel wuxuu diiradda saarayaa nooca hawl-qabadka. Waxa uu ka helay la-shaqeeye xasaasi ah oo ka mid ah Beni Egreshi, qoraa iyo muusikiiste, kaas oo libretto uu ku abuuray hawlihiisa ugu wanaagsan.

Midda ugu horreysa, "Maria Bathory", ayaa lagu qoray waqti gaaban iyo 1840-kii oo lagu sameeyay guulo la taaban karo. Dhaleeceyntu waxay si xamaasad leh u soo dhaweeyeen dhalashada opera Hungarian, iyaga oo xoogga saaraya qaabka muusikadda ee qaranka. Ku dhiirigelinta guusha, Erkel wuxuu sameeyay opera labaad, Laszlo Hunyadi (1844); Wax-soo-saarkeeda iyada oo hoos timaad talada qoraagu waxay keentay farxad duufaan leh oo dadweynaha. Sannad ka dib, Erkel waxa uu dhammaystiray dulsaarka, kaas oo inta badan lagu soo bandhigay riwaayadaha. Intii lagu guda jiray booqashadiisa Hungary ee 1846, waxaa qabtay Liszt, oo isla markaa abuuray riwaayad riwaayad ah oo ku saabsan mawduucyada opera.

Isagoo si dhib yar u dhammeeyay Laszlo Hunyadi, laxamiistaha ayaa u dejiyay inuu ka shaqeeyo shaqadiisa dhexe, opera Bank Ban oo ku salaysan riwaayadda Katona. Qoraalkeeda waxaa hakiyay dhacdooyinkii kacaanka. Laakiin xitaa bilawga falcelinta, cadaadiska bilayska iyo cadaadis kuma qasbin Erkel inuu ka tago qorshihiisa. Sagaal sano ayuu wax soo saarka sugi jiray, ugu dambayntii, 1861kii, waxaa masraxa tiyaatarka Qaranka ka dhacay bandhigga bangi bangi, iyadoo ay la socdaan mudaaharaad waddani ah.

Sannadahan, hawlaha bulsho ee Erkel ayaa sii xoogaysanaya. 1853-dii wuxuu abaabulay Philharmonic, 1867 - Bulshada Heesaha. Sanadkii 1875, dhacdo muhiim ah ayaa ka dhacday nolosha muusikada Budapest - ka dib dhibaatooyinkii dheeraa ee Liszt iyo dadaallada tamarta, waxaa la furay Akademiyada Qaranka ee Hungarian, taas oo u dooratay madaxweyne sharafeed, iyo Erkel - agaasime. Muddo afar iyo toban sano ah, kan dambe wuxuu hagayay Akademiyada Muusikada wuxuuna baray fasalka piano. Liszt ayaa ammaantay hawlaha guud ee Erkel; Waxa uu qoray: "In ka badan soddon sano hadda, shuqulladaadu waxay si ku filan u matalayeen oo ay horumariyeen muusikada Hungarian. Ilaalinta, ilaalinta iyo horumarinta waa ganacsiga Budapest Academy of Music. Iyo awooda ay ku leedahay aaggan iyo ku guuleysiga fulinta dhammaan hawlaha waxaa hubinaya daryeelkaaga xasaasiga ah ee agaasimeheeda.

Saddexda wiil ee Erkel waxay sidoo kale isku dayeen inay gacantooda ku sameeyaan: 1865-kii, opera Chobanets ee Shandor Erkel ayaa la sameeyay. Wax yar ka dib wiilashu waxay bilaabaan inay la shaqeeyaan aabbahood iyo, sida loo malaynayo, dhammaan hawlihii Ferenc Erkel ka dib "Bank-ban" (marka laga reebo hal-abuurka kaliya ee majaajilada ah "Charolta", oo lagu qoray 1862 ilaa libretto aan guulaysan - Boqorka iyo geesinimadiisu waxay gaadhaan jacaylka gabadha cantor ee tuulada) waa miraha iskaashigaas ("György Dozsa", 1867, "György Brankovich", 1874, "Heroes Nameless", 1880, "King Istvan", 1884). In kasta oo ay jiraan faa'iidooyin fikradeed iyo farshaxannimo, sinnaan la'aanta qaabka ayaa ka dhigtay shuqulladan mid ka caan ah kuwii ka horreeyay.

Sannadkii 1888-kii, Budapest waxay si xushmad leh ugu dabbaaldegtay sannad-guuradii kontonaad ee hawl-qabadka Erkel ee kaari opera ah. (Waqtigan (1884) waxaa la furay dhismaha cusub ee guriga opera, dhismaha kaas oo socday sagaal sano; lacag, sida wakhtigoodii Prague, ayaa laga soo ururiyay dalka oo dhan iyadoo la diiwaan gelinayo.). Jawi farxadeed, waxqabadka "Laszlo Hunyadi" ee hoos yimaada jihada qoraaga ayaa dhacay. Laba sano ka dib, Erkel ayaa markii ugu dambeysay u soo muuqday dadweynaha isagoo piano ah - dabaaldegga dhalashadiisa siddeetanaad, wuxuu sameeyay riwaayadda d-moll Mozart, oo uu caan ku ahaa yaraantiisii.

Erkel wuxuu dhintay Juun 15, 1893. Saddex sano ka dib, taallo ayaa looga dhisay magaaladii uu ku dhashay curiyaha.

M. Druskin

Halabuurka:

riwaayado (Dhammaan waxay ku yaalliin Budapest) - "Maria Bathory", Libretto Egresi (1840), "Laszlo Hunyadi", "Libretto Egresi (1844), "Bank-ban", libretto Egresi (1861), "Charolte", libretto by Egresi (1862). Tsanyuga (1867), "György Dozsa", Libretto by Szigligeti oo ku salaysan riwaayadaha Yokai (1874), "György Brankovich", libretto Ormai iyo Audrey oo ku salaysan riwaayadda Obernik (1880), "Heroes aan magac lahayn", libretto by Thoth (1885), "King Istvan", libretto by Varadi Dobshi riwaayadaha (XNUMX); Orchestra - Kordhinta Sharafta leh (1887; ilaa sannad-guuradii 50aad ee Tiyaatarka Qaranka Budapest), Dufan qurux badan oo qaab khiyaali ah oo loogu talagalay violin iyo biyaano (1837); xabbadood ee biyaano, oo ay ku jiraan Rakotsi-marsh; halabuurka heesaha, oo ay ku jiraan cantata, iyo sidoo kale heeso (ereyada F. Kölchei, 1844; waxay noqotay heesta Jamhuuriyadda Dadka Hungarian); heeso; muusikada loogu talagalay bandhigyada masraxa riwaayadaha.

Wiilashii Erkel:

Gyula Erkel (4 VII 1842, Cayayaanka - 22 III 1909, Budapest) - laxanka, violinist iyo kaari. Wuxuu ka ciyaaray kooxda orkestra ee Tiyaatarka Qaranka (1856-60), wuxuu ahaa maamuleheeda (1863-89), borofisar ka ah Akademiyada Muusikada (1880), aasaasaha dugsiga muusigga ee Ujpest (1891). Elek Erkel (XI 2, 1843, Cayayaanka - Juun 10, 1893, Budapest) - qoraaga dhowr operettas, oo ay ku jiraan "Ardayga Kasshi" ("Der Student von Kassau"). Laszlo Erkel (9 IV 1844, Cayayaanka - 3 XII 1896, Bratislava) - kooriyaha heesaha iyo macalin biyaano. Tan iyo 1870 wuxuu ka shaqeeyay Bratislava. Sandor Erkel (2 I 1846, Cayayaanka – 14 X 1900, Bekeschsaba) - kaari, laxan iyo violinist. Waxa uu ka soo ciyaaray kooxda hobolada ee Tiyaatarka Qaranka (1861-74), ilaa 1874-tii waxa uu ahaa kirishboyga heesaha, tan iyo 1875 waxa uu ahaa maareeyaha sare ee Tiyaatarka Qaranka, agaasimaha Philharmonic. Qoraaga Singspiel (1865), Hungarian Overture iyo hobolada ragga.

Tixraacyo: Aleksandrova V., F. Erkel, "SM", 1960, No 11; Laszlo J., Nolosha F. Erkel ee sawirada, Budapest, 1964; Sabolci B., Taariikhda Muusiga Hungarian, Budapest, 1964, p. 71-73; Maroti J., Waddadii Erkel ee ka timid opera-heesaha-heesaha ilaa xaqiiqada muhiimka ah, ee buugga: Music of Hungary, M., 1968, p. 111-28; Nemeth A., Ferenc Erkel, L., 1980.