Galina Oleinichenko |

Galina Oleinichenko

Sannadkan waxa uu qani ku yahay sannad-guurada sayidyada dugsiga dhawaaqa qaranka. Waxaanan u dabbaal-degaynaa kuwa ugu horreeya dhammaadka bisha Febraayo, oo ku beegan habeenka gu’ga oo la wada sugayo. Tani waa wax badan oo calaamad u ah sababtoo ah kartida geesigeena maalinta, ama halkii geesinimada maalinta, waxay la socotaa niyadda guga - dhalaalaya oo saafi ah, dabacsanaan iyo heeso, iftiin iyo ixtiraam. Eray ahaan, maanta waxaan sharfineynaa fannaanka cajiibka ah Galina Vasilievna Oleinichenko, oo codkeeda aan la ilaawi karin ayaa ka dhawaajiyay hawadayaga codka ilaa soddon sano oo si fiican u yaqaan dhammaan kuwa jecel opera.

Galina Oleynichenko waa caan, marka hore, sida xiddiga coloratura ee Tiyaatarka Bolshoi ee 60-70s. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay u timid Moscow sidii heesaa hore loo aasaasay, iyo marka laga reebo, isagoo ku guuleystay saddex tartan oo cod ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marxaladaha ugu muhiimsan ee xirfaddeeda waxay la xiriiraan marxaladda ugu weyn ee opera ee USSR: waxay ahayd halkan, masraxa, taas oo ahayd riyadii ugu dambaysay iyo meesha ugu sarreysa ee xirfadda cod-yaqaan kasta oo Soofiyeedka, in heesaha heesaha iyo heesaha. hibada masraxa ayaa si weyn shaaca looga qaaday.

Galina Oleinichenko waxa uu ku dhashay on February 23, 1928 ee Ukraine, sida Nezhdanova weyn oo u dhow Odessa, taas oo calaamad u ah ilaa xad, tan iyo markii ay ahayd Oleinichenko, oo ay la socdaan Irina Maslennikova, Elizaveta Shumskaya, Vera Firsova iyo Bela Rudenko, kuwaas oo labaad. nuska qarnigii 1933-aad wuxuu ciyaaray doorka ilaaliyaha iyo guusha ugu fiican ee caadooyinka coloratura ee ku heesa masraxa Tiyaatarka Bolshoi, oo lagu xoojiyay coloratura weyn ee sanadihii dagaalka ka hor, ku-xigeenada degdega ah ee Nezhdanova - Valeria Barsova, Elena Stepanova iyo Elena Katulskaya. Fanaanada mustaqbalka waxay bilawday waxbarashadeeda muusikada caruurnimadii hore, iyada oo baratay fasalka kataaradda ee Dugsiga Muusiga ee Carruurta ee Toban Sano Gaarka ah. PS Stolyarsky. Xaruntan waxbarasho, oo lagu aasaasay XNUMX, ayaa si weyn loogu yaqaanay baaxadda dalkeenna, tan iyo markii ay halkan ahayd in fannaaniin badan oo caan ah oo caan ah ay bilaabeen safarkooda. Waxay ahayd qalab aan caadi ahayn oo cajiib ah in Galina da'da yar ay ku fikirtay inay ku xidho mustaqbalkeeda, si adag u barato oo leh rabitaan weyn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaddarku si lama filaan ah ayey u bedeshay qorshaheeda markii fannaanka mustaqbalka uu helay hadiyad cajiib ah - cod, isla markiiba waxay noqotay arday ka tirsan qaybta codka ee Kulliyada Muusikada Odessa.

Odessa ee sano kuwa hadhay xarunta dhaqanka weyn ee USSR ah, dhaxalka xaaladda this ka waqti pre-kacaanka. Waxaa la og yahay in Odessa Opera House uu yahay mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu da'da weyn ee dhulka Boqortooyada Ruushka (waxaa la aasaasay 1810), waayadii hore xiddigaha opera adduunka ayaa iftiimiyay marxaladeeda - sida Fyodor Chaliapin, Salome Krushelnitskaya, Leonid Sobinov. Medea iyo Nikolai Figner, Giuseppe Anselmi, Enrico Caruso, Mattia Battistini, Leone Giraldoni, Titta Ruffo iyo kuwa kale. In kasta oo sannadihii Soofiyeedka ay jirtay mar dambe dhaqanka ah in lagu martiqaado xiddigaha opera Talyaani, tiyaatarka ayaa sii waday in uu qabto boos adag ee hawada muusiga ee waddan ballaaran, oo ka mid ah kooxaha muusikada ugu fiican ee USSR: xirfadle heerka kooxdu waxay ahayd mid aad u sareysa, taas oo la gaarey ugu horreyntii sababtoo ah joogitaanka shaqaale aqoon sare leh oo aqoon sare leh oo jooga Odessa Conservatory (Professors Yu.A. bandhigayaasha martida ee Moscow, Leningrad, Kyiv, Tbilisi, iwm.

Deegaanka noocan oo kale ah ayaa saamaynta ugu faa'iido badan ku yeeshay samaynta xirfadaha xirfadeed, dhaqanka guud iyo dhadhanka kartida da'da yar. Haddii bilawga waxbarashadeeda ay weli jiraan shakiyo, ka dib markii ay ka qalinjabisay kulliyadda, Galina waxay ogaatay inay rabto inay noqoto heesaa, si ay u sii wado waxbarashadeeda muusikada. In 1948, waxay gashay qaybta codka ee Conservatory Odessa. AV Nezhdanova ee fasalka Professor NA Urban, taas oo ay ka qalin jabisay sharaf shantii sano ee loo qoondeeyay.

Laakiin markii ugu horeysay ee Oleinichenko ee marxaladda xirfadeed ayaa dhacay wax yar ka hor - dib u soo noqoshada 1952, arday ahaan, waxay markii ugu horreysay ka soo muuqatay masraxa Opera Odessa sida Gilda, oo noqday xiddiga hagaya xirfadeeda. Inkasta oo da'deeda yar iyo la'aanta waayo-aragnimo xirfadeed oo halis ah, Oleinichenko isla markiiba waxay qaadataa booska soloist-ka hormuudka ah ee masraxa, iyada oo fulinaysa dhammaan riwaayadaha soprano lyric-coloratura. Dabcan, hibada codka aan caadiga ahayn ee fanaanada da'da yar ayaa tan door muhiim ah ka ciyaartay - waxay leedahay cod qurux badan, dabacsanaan iyo iftiin ah oo hufan, timbre silvery, waxayna si fiican u taqaanaa farsamada coloratura. Dhadhanka iyo muusikadda aad u fiican ayaa u oggolaaday inay wax ka qabato riwaayadaha ugu kala duwan muddo gaaban gudaheed. Waxay ahayd saddex xilli oo ku saabsan masraxa Opera Odessa oo siisay heesaagii, marka lagu daro saldhig adag oo waxbarasho cod ah oo laga helay konserfatifka, waayo-aragnimada lagama maarmaanka u ah dhaqdhaqaaqa farshaxanka, taas oo u ogolaatay inay sii ahaato sayid ka mid ah style grand sanado badan. , sida ay yiraahdaan, "ka baxsan shaki".

In 1955, heesaa noqday soloist la Kiev Opera, halkaas oo ay ka shaqaynaysay laba xilli. U gudubka saddexaad ee masraxa muusikada ugu muhiimsan ee USSR wuxuu ahaa mid dabiici ah, tan iyo, dhinaca kale, waxay calaamad u tahay kobaca xirfadeed ee guuleysta, dhinaca kale, waxay muhiim u tahay horumarinta xirfadeed ee heesaha, sababtoo ah halkan waxay la kulantay. la iftiimiyey of opera Yukreeniyaan ee sannadahaas, soo galay xiriir la marxaladda iyo dhaqanka heerka sare cod. Waqtigaas, koox aan caadi ahayn oo xoog leh oo heesaa dhalinyaro ah, oo si sax ah doorka soprano coloratura, ayaa ku soo booday masraxa Kyiv. Marka laga soo tago Oleinichenko, Elizaveta Chavdar iyo Bela Rudenko ayaa iftiimiyay kooxda, Evgenia Miroshnichenko waxay bilowday safarkeeda, wax yar ka dib Lamar Chkonia. Dabcan, sida halabuurka dhalaalaya ayaa go'aamiyay repertoire - kirishbooyada iyo agaasimayaasha waxay si bareer ah u diyaariyeen coloratura divas, waxaa suurtagal ah in lagu heeso qaybo ka mid ah operas aan inta badan la samayn. Dhanka kale waxaa sidoo kale ka socday masraxa tartan adag oo inta badan laga dareemayay xurguf dhanka xiriirka fanaaniinta ah. Malaha, tani waxay sidoo kale door ka qaadatay go'aanka Oleinichenko si uu u aqbalo martiqaad ka yimid Moscow wakhti ka dib.

Xilligii hore ee Moscow, farshaxanku wuxuu si firfircoon uga qaybqaatay tartamada heesaha, isagoo ku guuleystay abaalmarinta abaalmarinta saddex tartan. Waxay ku heshay billaddeedii dahabka ahayd ee ugu horreysay 1953dii Bandhigga Caalamiga ah ee Dhallinyarada iyo Ardayda ee Bucharest. Later, 1956, waxaa jiray guul ah tartanka Vocal All-Union ee Moscow, iyo 1957 keenay heesta da'da yar guul dhab ah - bilad dahab ah iyo Grand Prix ee tartanka caalamiga ah ee Vocal ee Toulouse. Guushii Toulouse waxay si gaar ah u ahayd mid farxad leh oo muhiim u ah Oleinichenko, sababtoo ah, si ka duwan tartanadii hore ee ay ka qayb qaadatay, waxay ahayd tartan cod ah oo heer caalami ah, oo had iyo jeer lagu kala saaro heer sare oo kaqeybgalayaal ah iyo adkeynta gaarka ah ee xeerbeegtida caanka ah.

Echo ee guusha ee France u duulay ma aha oo kaliya in uu u dhashay Ukraine - Oleinichenko, kuwaas oo muddo dheer isha ku Moscow sida heesaa rajo, ayaa si dhab ah u xiiseynayay Masraxa Bolshoi. Isla 1957-kii, markii ugu horeysay ayaa halkan ka dhacday: Galina Vasilyevna ayaa markii ugu horreysay ka soo muuqatay masraxa masraxa weyn ee Ruushka ee qaybta ay ugu jeceshahay Gilda, iyada oo la-hawlgalayaasheeda fiidkii waxay ahaayeen kuwo aad u fiican oo ka mid ah codadka Ruushka - Alexei Ivanov wuxuu heesay qaybta Rigoletto. , Anatoly Orfenov ayaa ku heesay Duke of Mantua. Ciyaartii ugu horeysay waxay ahayd in ka badan guul. Orfenov ayaa dib u soo xusuustay munaasabaddan: "Waxaan ku dhacay qaybta Duke ee waxqabadkaas, tan iyo markaas waxaan si weyn ugu mahadceliyey Galina Vasilievna sida heesaa cajiib ah iyo lammaane weyn. Shaki la'aan, Oleinichenko, sida laga soo xigtay xogta iyada oo dhan, ayaa la kulmay shuruudaha sare ee Tiyaatarka Bolshoi.

Waxqabadka ugu horreeya ma uusan noqon mid keliya, taas oo inta badan dhacda xitaa haddii lagu guuleysto: liddi ku ah, Oleinichenko wuxuu noqdaa soloist ee Bolshoi. Haddii fanaanadu ay sii joogi lahayd Kyiv, laga yaabee in nolosheeda ay jiri lahayd ra'iisul wasaare dheeraad ah, waxay heli lahayd koobabka soo socda iyo abaal-marinaha si dhakhso ah, oo ay ku jiraan darajada sare ee fanaaniinta USSR, oo aan weligeed dhicin, inkastoo ay ahayd mid aad u fiican. u qalmo. Laakiin saaxiibadeeda ay xafiiltamaan ee Chavdar iyo Rudenko, kuwaas oo sii waday in ay ku heesi at Kyiv Opera, helay ka hor inta aanay gaarin xataa da'da soddon sano - sida siyaasadda saraakiisha dhaqanka Soviet ee la xidhiidha guryaha opera qaranka. Laakiin dhinaca kale, Oleinichenko wuxuu nasiib u yeeshay inuu ka shaqeeyo mid ka mid ah tiyaatarada ugu fiican adduunka, oo ay ku hareeraysan yihiin sayidyada caanka ah - sida aad ogtahay, heerka kooxda opera ee 60-70s ayaa ahaa mid aad u sarreeya. In ka badan hal mar, fanaanadu waxay safar dibadda ah ku tagtay kooxda masraxa, iyada oo fursad u haysata inay soo bandhigto xirfadeeda dhageyste ajnabi ah.

Galina Oleinichenko waxay ku soo bandhigtay masraxa tiyaatarka Bolshoi ku dhawaad ​​rubuc qarni, iyadoo mudadaas ku jirtay riwaayad weyn. Marka hore, masraxa Moscow, farshaxanku wuxuu ku iftiimiyay qaybaha lyric-coloratura, kuwa ugu fiican ee loo tixgeliyo inay yihiin Violetta, Rosina, Suzanna, Snegurochka, Martha in The Tsar's Bride, Tsarevna Swan, Volkhova, Antonida, Lyudmila. Doorarkan, heesaagu waxa uu soo bandhigay xirfado cod oo shuruud la'aan ah, wanaaga farsamada coloratura, iyo naqshadaynta marxaladda oo fikir leh. Isla mar ahaantaana, Oleinichenko waligiis kama fogaan muusikada casriga ah - riwaayadeeda hawleedkeeda waxaa ka mid ah doorar dhowr ah oo ku saabsan heesaha Soviet. Xitaa inta lagu guda jiro sanadaha shaqada ee Odessa, waxay u samaysay sida Nastya ee Dmitry Kablevsky ee opera qoyska Taras. Riwaayadda casriga ah ee Tiyaatarka Bolshoi waxaa lagu soo kordhiyey bandhigyo cusub oo ay ka mid yihiin: bandhigyada operas-yada Sheekada Nin-dhabta ah ee Sergei Prokofiev (Qeybta Olga), Masiirka Nin ee Ivan Dzerzhinsky (Zinka) , iyo Oktoobar by Vano Muradeli (Lena).

Ka qayb qaadashada bandhiga ugu horeeya ee masraxa Ruushka ee Benjamin Britten's opera qurux badan Riyada Habeenka Midsommar, dabcan, waxay ahayd mid muhiimad gaar ah u leh shaqada riwaayadda casriga ah ee opera. Galina Oleinichenko waxay noqotay fanaankii ugu horeeyay ee Ruush ah qaybta ugu adag uguna xiisaha badan ee boqorada elves Titania marka la eego qalabka codka. Doorkani waa mid ka badan oo lagu dhejiyay dhammaan noocyada khiyaamada codka, halkan waxaa loo isticmaalaa ilaa ugu badnaan suurtogalnimada nooca codka ah. Oleinichenko waxay la qabsatay hawlaha si qurux badan, iyo sawirka ay si sax ah u abuurtay waxay noqotay mid ka mid ah kuwa dhexe ee waxqabadka, taas oo isu keentay kaqeybgalayaasha dhabta ah ee ka qaybgalayaasha - agaasimaha Boris Pokrovsky, maareeyaha Gennady Rozhdestvensky, farshaxan Nikolai Benois, heesaa Elena Obraztsova. Alexander Ognivtsev, Evgeny Kibkalo iyo kuwo kale.

Nasiib darro, qaddarku ma siin Galina Oleinichenko wax badan oo hadiyad ah, inkastoo iyadu, dabcan, ay lahayd shaqooyin kale oo xiiso leh iyo bandhigyo cajiib ah. Fanaanada ayaa si weyn u fiirsatay dhaqdhaqaaqyada riwaayadaha, waxayna si firfircoon ugu soo wareegtay dalka iyo dibadda. Safaradeedii waxay isla markiiba bilaabeen guushii Toulouse, rubuc qarni riwaayadaha Oleinichenko ayaa ka dhacay England, France, Greece, Belgium, Austria, Holland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, China, Romania, Poland, Germany, iwm. iyada oo arias ka socota operas, oo ay ku jirto riwaayadeeda tiyaatarka, fanaanadu waxay ku soo bandhigtay masraxa riwaayadaha arias "Lucia di Lammermoor", "Mignon", "Manon" Massenet, coloratura arias by Rossini, Delibes. Classics Chamber waxaa matalaya magacyada Glinka, Rimsky-Korsakov, Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninoff, Bach, Schubert, Liszt, Grieg, Gounod, Saint-Saens, Debussy, Gliere, Prokofiev, Kablevsky, Khrennikov, Dunaevsky, Meitus. Oleinichenko ayaa inta badan soo bandhigay heeso qaraami ah oo ka soo jeeda masraxa riwaayadaha. Shaqada qolka Galina Vasilievna waxay si dhow ula xiriirtaa kooxda Violin ee Tiyaatarka Bolshoi iyada oo hogaamineysa Yuli Reentovich - waxay si joogta ah u samaysay kooxdan gudaha dalka iyo dibaddaba.

Ka dib markii uu ka tagay Masraxa Bolshoi, Galina Oleinichenko waxay diiradda saartay waxbaridda. Maanta waxay bare ka tahay Akademiyada Muusiga ee Ruushka. Gnesins, lataliye ahaan, wuxuu la shaqeeyaa barnaamijka Magacyada Cusub.

Waxaan u rajeyneynaa heesaaga iyo macalinka cajiibka ah caafimaad wanaagsan iyo guulo hal abuur leh oo dheeri ah!

A. Matusevich, operanews.ru