Ivan Semyonovich Kozlovsky |

Ivan Kozlovsky

Kataaradda caanka ah ee Vera Dulova ayaa qortay:

""Waxaa jira magacyo farshaxan oo lagu siiyey nooc ka mid ah awoodda sixirka. Xusiddooda oo keliya ayaa nafta soo jiidata maansada. Ereyadan laxamiistaha Ruushka Serov ayaa si buuxda loogu tiirin karaa Ivan Semenovich Kozlovsky - kibirka dhaqankeena qaranka.

Waxa dhacday in aan dhegaystay cajaladaha ay fanaanadu dhawaan soo duubtay. Si fudud ayaan ula yaabay mar kale iyo mar kale, sababtoo ah wax kastaa waa farshaxan farshaxan. Halkan, tusaale ahaan, shaqo leh magac hufan oo hufan - "Green Grove" - ​​waxaa iska leh qalinka casriga ah ee Sergei Sergeevich Prokofiev. Ku qoran erayada dad waynaha, waxay u egtahay hees Ruush oo daacad ah. Iyo sida jilicsan, sida dhexgalka Kozlovsky u sameeyo.

Had iyo jeer waa u jeedaan. Tani ma khusayso oo keliya noocyada cusub ee waxqabadka, taas oo si joogto ah u soo jiidata isaga, laakiin sidoo kale dib u soo celinta. Kuwa ka soo qayb gala riwaayadihiisa waxay og yihiin in heesaagu uu waligiis samayn doono wax cusub, oo aan ilaa hadda dhegaystayaashiisu garanayn. Waxaan wax badan ka dhihi lahaa: mid kasta oo ka mid ah barnaamijyadiisa waxaa ka buuxa wax aan caadi ahayn. Waxay la mid tahay sugitaanka qarsoodiga, mucjiso. Guud ahaan, waxay iila muuqataa in farshaxanku uu had iyo jeer ahaado wax yar oo qarsoodi ah ... "

Ivan Semenovich Kozlovsky waxa uu ku dhashay on March 24, 1900 tuulada Maryanovka, gobolka Kyiv. Dareenkii ugu horreeyay ee muusiga ee nolosha Vanya waxay ku xidhan yihiin aabihiis, kaasoo si qurux badan u heesay oo u ciyaaray harmonica Viennese. Wiilku waxa uu hore u jeclaa muusiga iyo heesaha, waxa uu lahaa dhego gaar ah iyo cod dabiici ah oo qurux badan.

Ma aha wax la yaab leh in markii uu ahaa dhalinyaro aad u da'yar, Vanya wuxuu bilaabay inuu ku heeso kooxda heesa ee Aqalka Dadka ee Trinity ee Kyiv. Wax yar ka dib Kozlovsky wuxuu horey u ahaa soloist ee Choir tacliineed ee Bolshoi. Kooxda heesta waxaa hogaaminayay laxamiistaha caanka ah ee Yukreeniyaan iyo heesaaga A. Koshyts, kaas oo noqday lataliye xirfadeedkii ugu horeeyay ee heesta hibada leh. Waxay ahayd talada Koshyts in 1917 Kozlovsky uu galay Kyiv Music iyo Drama Institute ee qaybta codka, fasalka Professor EA Muravieva.

Ka dib markii uu ka qalin jabiyay machadka 1920-kii, Ivan wuxuu si mutadawacnimo ah ugu biiray Ciidanka Cas. Waxaa loo xilsaaray guutada 22-aad ee ciidamada lugta ee ciidamada Injineer waxaana loo diray Poltava. Ka dib markii uu helay ogolaansho ah in la isku daro adeegga iyo shaqada riwaayadaha, Kozlovsky ka qaybqaataa wax soo saarka ee Poltava Music iyo masraxa riwaayadaha. Halkan Kozlovsky, asal ahaan, waxaa loo sameeyay sidii fanaan opera ah. Repertoire waxaa ka mid ah Arias in "Natalka-Poltavka" iyo "May Night" by Lysenko, "Eugene Onegin", "Demon", "Dubrovsky", "Pebble" Moniuszko, sida qaybaha mas'uul ka ah iyo farsamo ahaan adag sida Faust, Alfred ("La" Traviata "), Duke ("Rigoletto").

Sannadkii 1924-kii, heesaagu wuxuu galay kooxda Kharkov Opera House, halkaas oo uu ku martiqaaday hoggaamiyeheeda AM Pazovsky. Bilawgii quruxda badnaa ee Faust iyo bandhigyada soo socda ayaa u oggolaaday fannaaniinta da'da yar in ay qaataan booska hoggaamineed ee kooxda. Sannad ka dib, isaga oo diiday dalab qaali ah oo sharaf leh oo ka yimid Tiyaatarka caanka ah ee Mariinsky, farshaxanku wuxuu yimid guriga Opera Sverdlovsk. Sannadkii 1926, magaca Kozlovsky ayaa markii ugu horreysay ka soo muuqday boodhadhka Moscow. Marxaladda caasimadda, heesaagu wuxuu ka soo muuqday masraxa laanta Tiyaatarka Bolshoi ee qaybta Alfred ee La Traviata. MM Ippolitov-Ivanov ayaa yiri ka dib bandhigga: "Fannaanadani waa dhacdo rajo leh oo fanka ah ..."

Kozlovsky wuxuu u yimid Masraxa Bolshoi ma ahan mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu horreeya, laakiin sida master-ka la aasaasay.

Xilli ciyaareedkii ugu horreeyay ee shaqada heesaha dhalinyarada ee Tiyaatarka Bolshoi VI Nemirovich-Danchenko ayaa u sheegay dhamaadka ciyaarta "Romeo iyo Juliet": "Waxaad tahay qof geesi ah oo aan caadi ahayn. Waxaad ka soo horjeedaa kuwa hadda jira oo ha raadin kuwa raacsan, adiga oo isku tuuraya duufaanka is burinaya ee masraxa hadda la kulma. Waan fahamsanahay inay kugu adag tahay waxyaabo badanna way ku cabsi gelinayaan, laakiin maadaama fikirkaaga hal-abuurka leh ee geesinimada leh ay ku dhiiri galiyaan - tanina wax walba waa laga dareemayaa - oo qaabkaaga hal-abuurka ah ayaa ka muuqda meel kasta, dabaasha adoon joojin, ha simi koonaha hana sameynin. ka filo naxariista kuwa aad la yaabban tahay.”

Laakiin ra'yiga Natalia Shpiller: "Bartamihii labaatanaad, magac cusub ayaa ka soo muuqday Tiyaatarka Bolshoi - Ivan Semenovich Kozlovsky. Timbre ee codka, qaabka heesaha, xogta jilitaanka - wax kasta oo ku jiray fanaankii da'da yaraa ee markaas ayaa muujiyay shakhsiyad naadir ah. Codka Kozlovsky waligiis awood gaar ah uma yeelan. Laakiin soo saarista bilaashka ah ee dhawaaqa, awoodda ay u leedahay in ay xoogga saarto waxay u ogolaatay heesaa in ay "goyso" meelo waaweyn. Kozlovsky wuxuu la heesi karaa orchestra kasta iyo koox kasta. Codkiisu wuxuu had iyo jeer u muuqdaa mid cad, cod dheer, oo aan hadh lahayn xiisad. Neefta dabacsanaanta, dabacsanaanta iyo faseexnimada, fududaynta aan la dhaafin ee diiwaanka sare, qaamuuska saxda ah - cod-yaqaan run ahaantii aan fiicneyn, kaas oo sannado badan codkiisa u keenay heerka ugu sarreeya ee wanaagga ... "

Sannadkii 1927-kii, Kozlovsky wuxuu ku heesay nacaska Quduuska ah, kaas oo noqday doorka ugu sarreeya ee fannaanka hal-abuurka ah ee fannaanka iyo farshaxanka dhabta ah ee adduunka ee fanka. Hadda wixii ka dambeeya, sawirkani wuxuu noqday mid aan la kala sooci karin magaca abuuray.

Waa kan waxa P. Pichugin qoray: “... Lensky of Tchaikovsky iyo Fool of Mussorgsky. Way adag tahay in la helo dhammaan ciyaaraha opera-ka Ruushka oo aan la mid ahayn, ka duwanaansho badan, xitaa ilaa xad gaar ah oo shisheeye ah oo ku jira bilicda muusikada, sawirada, iyo Dhanka kale labadaba Lensky iyo nacaska Quduuska ah ayaa si siman u ah guulaha ugu sarreeya ee Kozlovsky. Wax badan ayaa la qoray oo laga sheegay qaybahan farshaxanimada, haddana suurtagal maaha in mar kale la yiraahdo Yurodivy, sawirka uu abuuray Kozlovsky oo leh awood aan la barbar dhigi karin, kaas oo waxqabadkiisa qaabka Pushkin uu noqday muujinta weyn ee " qaddar dadka”, codka dadka, oohintiisa silica, damiirkiisa maxkamadda. Wax kasta oo ka mid ah goobtan, oo uu sameeyay Kozlovsky oo leh xirfad aan la aqbali karin, laga bilaabo ugu horreyntii ilaa ereyga ugu dambeeya ee uu ku hadlo, laga bilaabo gabayga aan macnaha lahayn ee nacasnimada Quduuska ah "Bishu way imanaysaa, bisadu way ooynaysaa" weedha caanka ah "Ma tukan kartid. waayo, Tsar Herodos" waxaa ka buuxa qoto dheer sida qoto dheer, macnaha iyo macnaha, sida runta ah ee nolosha (iyo runta farshaxanka), taas oo kor u this doorka episodic ilaa qarka u ah masiibada ugu sareysa ... Waxaa jira doorarka masraxa adduunka (halkaas) way yar yihiin!), Kuwaasoo muddo dheer ku milmay male-awaalkeena mid ama jilaa kale oo heersare ah. Kaasi waa nacaska quduuska ah. Wuxuu weligiis ku sii jiri doonaa xusuustayada sida Yurodivy - Kozlovsky.

Tan iyo markaas, farshaxanku wuxuu heesay oo ciyaaray ilaa konton door oo kala duwan masraxa opera-ga. O. Dashevskaya wuxuu qoray: "Marxaladda masraxa caanka ah, wuxuu ku heesay qaybo kala duwan - heeso iyo riwaayado, riwaayado, iyo mararka qaarkood naxdin leh. Kuwa ugu fiican ee iyaga ka mid ah waa xiddigiye ("Cockerel Dahabka ah" ee NA Rimsky-Korsakov) iyo Jose ("Carmen" ee G. Bizet), Lohengrin ("Lohengrin" ee R. Wagner) iyo Prince ("Love for Three Oranges). "waxaa qoray SS Prokofiev), Lensky iyo Berendey, Almaviva iyo Faust, Verdi's Alfred iyo Duke - way adagtahay in la qoro dhammaan doorarka. Isku darka guud falsafada iyo saxnaanta dabeecadaha bulsheed iyo sifooyinka dabeecadda, Kozlovsky wuxuu abuuray sawir u gaar ah daacadnimada, kartida iyo saxnaanta nafsaaniga ah. "Jilayaasha uu jecel yahay, dhibtooday, dareenkoodu had iyo jeer waxay ahaayeen kuwo fudud, dabiici ah, qoto dheer oo qalbi furan," ayuu xusuustaa heesaa EV Shumskaya.

In 1938, hindisaha VI Nemirovich-Danchenko iyo hoos jihada farshaxanka Kozlovsky, kooxda Opera State ee USSR la abuuray. Fannaaniin caan ah sida MP Maksakova, IS Patorzhinsky, MI Litvinenko-Wolgemuth, II Petrov, lataliye ahaan - AV Nezhdanov iyo NS Golovanov. Inta lagu guda jiro saddexda sano ee jiritaanka kooxda, Ivan Sergeevich wuxuu sameeyay tiro ka mid ah bandhigyada xiisaha leh ee riwaayadaha ee riwaayadaha: "Werther" ee J. Massenet, "Pagliacci" ee R. Leoncavallo, "Orpheus" by K. Gluck , "Mozart iyo Salieri" ee NA Rimsky-Korsakov, "Katerina" NN Arcas, "Gianni Schicchi" ee G. Puccini.

Waa kuwan waxa laxamiistaha KA Korchmarev ku saabsan waxqabadka ugu horreeya ee kooxda, opera Werther: "Shaashado bunni ah oo asal ah ayaa lagu rakibay dhammaan ballaadhka marxaladda Hoolka Weyn ee Conservatory. Korkooda waa mid hufan: kirishbooyuhu wuxuu ka muuqdaa meelaha bannaan, qaansooyinka, gorgorrada iyo buunanka marba waqti. Shaashado hortooda waxaa ku yaal qalab fudud, miisas, kuraas. Qaabkan, IS Kozlovsky waxa uu sameeyay khibradiisii ​​ugu horeysay ee hagitaan…

Mid ayaa si buuxda u hela muuqaal waxqabad, laakiin mid muusikadu door wayn ka ciyaarto. Marka la eego, Kozlovsky wuxuu isu tixgelin karaa inuu yahay guuleyste. Kooxda orchestra, oo ku taal isla madal ay ku wada sugan yihiin fannaaniinta, ayaa mar walba u dhawaaqa si weyn, laakiin ma quusiyaan fannaaniinta. Isla mar ahaantaana, sawirada masraxa waa nool yihiin. Waxay awoodaan inay kiciyaan, iyo dhinacan, wax soo saarkani wuxuu si fudud u barbar dhigayaa waxqabad kasta oo socda marxaladda. Khibradda Kozlovsky, sida si buuxda loo caddeeyey, waxay u qalantaa fiiro gaar ah.

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka, Kozlovsky, oo qayb ka ah guutooyinka riwaayadaha, oo lagu soo bandhigay dagaalyahannada hortooda, ayaa riwaayado ku bixiyay magaalooyinka la xoreeyay.

Xilligii dagaalka ka dib, marka laga soo tago inuu u shaqeynayo soloist, Ivan Semenovich wuxuu sii waday shaqadii hagida - sameynta dhowr operas.

Laga soo bilaabo bilawgii hore ee xirfadiisa, Kozlovsky wuxuu si joogta ah isugu daray masraxa opera iyo masraxa riwaayadaha. Riwaayaddiisa riwaayadeed waxa ka mid ah boqollaal shaqo. Halkan waxaa ah cantas-ka Bach, wareegga Beethoven ee "Gacaliyaha Fog", wareegga Schumann "Jacaylka Abwaanka", heesaha dadweynaha Yukreeniyaan iyo Ruushka. Meel gaar ah waxaa ku jira jaceylka, oo ka mid ah qorayaasha - Glinka, Taneyev, Rachmaninov, Dargomyzhsky, Tchaikovsky, Rimsky-Korsakov, Medtner, Grechaninov, Varlamov, Bulakhov iyo Gurilev.

P. Pichugin wuxuu leeyahay:

"Meel muhiim ah oo ka mid ah riwaayadaha qolka Kozlovsky waxaa qabsaday jacaylkii hore ee Ruushka. Kozlovsky ma aha oo kaliya in qaar badan oo iyaga ka mid ah "u helay" dhagaystayaasha, sida, tusaale ahaan, M. Yakovlev's "Fiidkii Jiilaalka" ama "Waan kula kulmay", kuwaas oo caalami ahaan loo yaqaan maanta. Waxa uu abuuray qaab aad u gaar ah oo waxqabadkooda ah, oo ka madax bannaan nooc kasta oo ka mid ah macaanka salon ama beenta dareenka, sida ugu dhow ee suurtogalka ah ee jawiga dabiiciga ah ee dabiiciga ah, "guriga" muusikada, xaaladaha kuwaas oo luul yar ee codka Ruushka. erayada hal mar ayaa la sameeyay oo la dhawaaqay.

Inta lagu jiro noloshiisa farshaxanka, Kozlovsky wuxuu hayaa jacayl aan isbeddelin ee heesaha dadweynaha. Looma baahna in la yiraahdo waxa daacadnimo iyo diirimaad Ivan Semyonovich Kozlovsky ku heeso heesaha Yukreeniyaan qalbigiisa qaaliga ah. Dib u xasuuso wax qabadkiisa “Qorraxdu way yartahay”, “Oh, ha samayn buuq, balli”, “Dad Cossack”, “Cirka ayaan la yaabanahay”, “Oh, baroor baa garoonka ka jirta” , "Haddii aan qaatay bandura". Laakiin Kozlovsky waa turjumaan cajiib ah oo ku saabsan heesaha dadweynaha Ruushka sidoo kale. Way ku filan tahay in la magacaabo dadka sida "Linden qarniyo jir ah", "Oh haa, adiga, Kalinushka", "Tukayaasha, dhiirranaanta", "Ma jiro hal waddo oo duurka ku orday." Kan ugu dambeeya ee Kozlovsky waa gabay dhab ah, sheekada nolosha oo dhan ayaa lagu sheegay hees. Aragtideeda waa mid aan la ilaawi karin.”

Iyo da 'weyn, farshaxanku ma yareeyo dhaqdhaqaaqa hal-abuurka. Ma jiro hal dhacdo oo muhiim ah oo nolosha dalka ka mid ah oo dhamaystiran iyada oo aan ka qaybqaadashada Kozlovsky. Hindisaha fannaanka, dugsi muusig ayaa laga furay dalkiisa hooyo ee Maryanovka. Halkan Ivan Semenovich si xamaasad leh ula shaqeeyay vocalists yar yar, oo la sameeyay heeso arday ah.

Ivan Semenovich Kozlovsky wuxuu dhintay December 24, 1993.

Boris Pokrovsky wuxuu qoray: "IS Kozlovsky waa bog dhalaalaya taariikhda fanka opera-ka Ruushka. Erayada abwaanka opera ee xamaasadda leh ee Tchaikovsky; grotesque ee amiirka Prokofiev ee jacaylka leh saddex liin; Fikirka da'da yar ee quruxda badan ee Berendey iyo heesaagii Rimsky-Korsakov ee "Hindiya fog ee mucjisooyinka", ergayga dhalaalaya ee Grail of Richard Wagner; Duke-ka sasabasan ee Mantua G. Verdi, Alfred oo aan nasan; aargoosiga sharafta leh Dubrovsky … Liiska weyn ee doorarka sida aadka ah loo soo bandhigay waxaa ka mid ah taariikh nololeedka hal-abuurka IS Kozlovsky iyo farshaxan-nololeed run ah – sawirka nacaska ee masraxa M. Mussorgsky ee “Boris Godunov”. Abuuritaanka sawirka qadiimiga ah ee guriga opera waa dhacdo aad dhif u ah ... Nolosha iyo waxqabadka hal-abuurka IS Kozlovsky waxay tusaale u tahay qof kasta oo qaatay hadafka ah inuu noqdo farshaxan iyo u adeegida dadka fankiisa.