Orchestra ee qalabka dadweynaha |

Orchestras ee qalabka dadweynaha – Isku xidho ka kooban nat. Qalabka muusiga qaabkoodii asalka ahaa ama dib loo dhisay. Isaga. iyo. waa isku mid marka la isku daro (tusaale ahaan, isku domra, bandura, mandolin, iwm.) iyo isku qasan (tusaale, domra-balalaika orchestra). Mabda'a ururka O. n. iyo. waxay ku xiran tahay sifooyinka muusigga. dhaqanka dadkan. Orchestras ee dadka aan aqoon polyphony, wax qabadku waa heterophonic: cod kastaa wuxuu ciyaarayaa laxan isku mid ah, kaqeybgalayaashuna way kala duwanaan karaan. Isku-dhafka nooca bourdon waxay qabtaan laxanka iyo la socoshada (si sax ah, asalka): qoraalo joogto ah, tirooyinka ostinato; Isku-dhafkan oo kale wuxuu sidoo kale noqon karaa mid laxan. Orchestras ee dadyowga, music kuwaas oo ku salaysan harmonica. Asal ahaan, waxay sameeyaan laxanka iyo la socoshada. Isku-dhafka yaryar ayaa ku caan ahaa qaar badan. dadyowga ilaa wakhtiyadii hore, iyagoo sidayaal nar ah. gudaha. dhaqan. Waxay qabsadeen meel weyn oo nolol maalmeedka ah (oo lagu ciyaaro fasaxyada, aroosyada, iwm.). Instr. xirmooyinka marxaladaha hore ee horumarinta bulshada, muusikada aan weli madax-bannaanayn. fanka, oo la xidhiidha ereyga, heesaha, qoob ka ciyaarka, ficilka. Tusaale ahaan, Hindida reer Brazil ee qoob-ka-ciyaarka ugaarsiga ku haya codka tuubooyinka alwaaxda, tuubooyinka iyo durbaannada waxay muujinayaan ugaadhsiga duurjoogta ah iyo ugaarsatada (ficiladan oo kale ayaa lagu yaqaan dad badan). Muusigga ay qaadaan dadka Afrikaanka ah (Guinea), dadyowga Hindiya, Vietnam, iyo kuwa kale, laxanka iyo asalka (badanaa laxanka) ayaa mararka qaarkood la kala saaraa. Noocyada gaarka ah ee polyphony-ga ayaa ah astaanta kooxda Flute Pan (Solomon Islands), Indonesia. gamelan.

Dadyow badan ayaa dhaqan yeeshay. halabuurka instr. ensembles: ee Russia - music. isku dhafka ciyaartoyda geeska, kuvikla (kuvichki) jilayaasha; Ukraine - saddex-midnimada muusiga (violin, bass (bass), suxuunta ama daf; mararka qaarkood violin iyo bass; qaybaha muusikada saddex-geesoodka ayaa caan ahaa ilaa bartamihii qarnigii 19-aad), gudaha Belarus - xirmooyinka violin, suxuun laysku garaaco, tambourine ama violin, suxuunta , naxariista ama dudy; Moldova - taraf (clarinet, violin, suxuunta, durbaannada); Uzbekistan iyo Tajikistan - mashoklya (surnay, kornay, nagora); Transcaucasia iyo Waqooyiga. Caucasus 3 waarta instr. ensembles - dudukchi (duduk duet), zurnachi (zurn duet, kuwaas oo saamiyada inta badan lagu daro), sazandari (tar, keman-cha, daf, iyo sidoo kale halabuuro kale); Lithuania - ururrada skuduchiai iyo ragas, Latvia - stabule iyo suomi dudy, Estonia - kaniisadaha miyiga (tusaale, cannele, violin, harmonica).

Ruushka, qalabka isku-dhafka dadweynaha ayaa loo yaqaan tan iyo qarnigii 12-aad. (waxaa lagu ciyaaraa ciidaha, ciidaha, xilliga aaska; oo ay weheliso heeso, qoob ka ciyaar). Halabuurkoodu waa isku dhafan yihiin (sniffle, daf, kataarad, gees, kataarad) ama isku mid ah (heeso gooselytsiks, kataarado, iwm.). Sanadkii 1870-kii, NV Kondratiev wuxuu abaabulay koox heeso ah oo ka mid ah ciyaartoyda geeska Vladimir; 1886kii, NI Beloborodov wuxuu abaabulay orkestar chromatic ah. Harmonica, 1887 VV Andreev - "The Circle of Balalaika Lovers" (koox ka kooban 8 fannaaniin), 1896-kii ayaa loo beddelay Orchestra weyn ee Ruushka. Kooxahan ayaa ku soo bandhigay magaalooyinka Ruushka iyo dibadda. Isagoo raacaya tusaalaha orkesterka Andreev, hiwaayadda O.n. iyo. Sannadkii 1902, G. Khotkevich, oo ku daray Bandura iyo ciyaartoyda lyre ee isku-dhafka, ayaa abuuray Yukreeniyaankii ugu horreeyay. Isaga. iyo. Dalka Lithuania sanadkii 1906-dii waxaa lagu soo ururiyay qashin-qubka qadiimiga ah. Xamuul. folklore, halkaas oo woks ay ka ciyaaraan door hoggaamineed. noocyada, instr. ensembles Premier. oo ay weheliyaan qoob ka ciyaar iyo heeso. Sannadkii 1888 kii ayaa xamuulkii ugu horreeyay la abaabulay. nat. orchestra. Armeeniya, isku xidhka dadwaynaha Qalabka ayaa jiray ilaa BC. e. In con. Qarnigii 19aad kooxda ashug Jivani ayaa caan noqotay.

In Owls waqti xaaladaha horumarinta ballaaran ee O. of n ayaa la abuuray. iyo. Midawga iyo jamhuuriyada ismaamulka, hawlo badan ayaa la qabtay si loo hagaajiyo oo dib loo dhiso Qalabka muusiga ee ka qaybqaatay kobcinta dhawaaqooda. iyo farsamada. fursadaha (fiiri dib u dhiska qalabka muusikada). Mid ka mid ah orchestra-yadii ugu horreeyay oo ka kooban bunk la hagaajiyay. qalabka, ayaa ahaa waxa loogu yeero. Bariga Symphony. Orchestra waxaa abaabulay VG Buni 1925-26 ee Armenia.

Laga soo bilaabo 1940-meeyadii, Isku-dhafka dhaqameedka ayaa si isa soo taraysa loo soo bandhigay si loo dhamaystiro. qalab. Sidaas daraaddeed, in kooxda Ruush. kuvikl inta badan waxaa ka mid ah snot, zhaleyka iyo violin, Duetka Caucasian ee zurn iyo dudukov waxaa weheliya harmonica "bari", iwm nat. isku dhafka. Halabuurka Ruush He. iyo., marka lagu daro badhanka accordion, waxay sidoo kale ka mid yihiin zhaleyki, geeso, malqacadaha, iyo marmarka qaarkood biibiile, oboe, clarinet, iyo ruuxyo kale. Qalabka (tusaale ahaan, kooxda orkestra ee heesta iyo qoob ka ciyaarka ee Ciidanka Soofiyeeti ee loogu magac daray AV Aleksandrov). Tiro ka mid ah prof. Isaga. iyo., ayaa la abuuray instr. kooxaha heesaha iyo qoob ka ciyaarka, kooxda heesa. iyo qoob ka ciyaar. ururrada, guddiyada baahinta raadiyaha. Oo uu weheliyo prof. Isaga. iyo., oo ay maamulaan xulafada iyo wakiillada. Philharmonic iyo hogaaminta conc ballaaran. shaqada, gudaha USSR, hiwaayadda ayaa noqotay mid baahsan. orkestras iyo ensembles (guryaha dhaqanka, naadiyada). Isaga. iyo. ka kaca jamhuuriyada halkaas oo aan hore loo maqlin polyphony iyo koox ciyaar (tusaale, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan). Waxaa ka mid ah kuwa ugu macnaha badan. Isaga. iyo: Ruus. nar. orchestra iyaga. NP Osipova (Moscow, ilaa 1940), Rus. nar. orchestra iyaga. VV Andreeva (fiiri Orchestra ee Qalabka Dhaqanka ee Ruushka), Kazakh. qalab orkester dad ah iyaga. Kurmangazy (1934), Uzbek. Aaladaha orkestarrada dadweynaha (1938), Nar. Orchestra ee BSSR (1938), caaryada orchestra. nar. Qalabka (1949, ilaa 1957 "Fluerash") iyo isku-dhafka nar. Muusigga "Folklore" (1968) ee Moldova, Orchestra Rus. nar. heesa iyaga. MB Pyatnitsky, orchestra ee kooxda heesta iyo qoob ka ciyaarka ee Owls. Ciidan iyaga. AV Aleksandrova; gudaha. koox ka mid ah heesaha Karelian iyo kooxda qoob ka ciyaarka "Kantele" (1936), shiday. Isku-dhafka "Letuva" (1940), Ukr. nar. heesa iyaga. G. Veryovki (1943). Orchestras iyo Ensembles aaladaha waxay leeyihiin repertoire ballaaran, oo ay ku jiraan instr. riwaayadaha, qoob ka ciyaarka iyo heesaha dadyowga USSR iyo dibadda. wadamada, iyo sidoo kale guumaysta. laxamiistayaal (ay ku jiraan kuwa si gaar ah loogu qoray O. n. iyo.), qadiimiga. muusik.

Ciyaarta fasalada on nar. qalabka, kaadiriinta tababarka prof. jilayaasha, agaasimayaasha, macalimiinta iyo agaasimayaasha farshaxanka. bandhigyada hiwaayadda, ayaa lagu heli karaa tiro badan oo uch sare ah. machadyada dalka (tusaale ahaan, in Leningrad, Kyiv, Riga, Baku, Tashkent iyo konservatories kale, Moscow Musical iyo Barashada Institute, machadyada dhaqanka ee magaalooyin badan), iyo sidoo kale in music. uch-shah, muusikada carruurta. dugsiyada, goobo gaar ah oo ku yaala Daaraha Dhaqanka iyo hiwaayadda weyn. wadareed.

Isaga. iyo. caan ka ah hantiwadaagga kale. wadamada. Wadamada shisheeye waxaa jooga prof. iyo hiwaayadda O. n. iyo., oo ay ku jiraan sidoo kale gitaarka, mandolins, violin, iwm. casri ah. qalabka muusikada.

Tixraacyo: Andreev VV, Orchestra weyn ee Ruushka iyo muhiimada ay u leedahay dadka, (P., 1917); Alekseev K., Orchestra hiwaayadda ah ee qalabka dadweynaha, M., 1948; Gizatov B., gobolka Kazakh. Orchestra of Folk Instruments Kurmangazy, A.-A., 1957; Zhinovich I., Gobolka. Orchestra reer Belarusiyaanka, Minsk, 1958; Vyzgo T., Petrosyants A., Uzbek Orchestra ee qalabka dadweynaha, Tash., 1962; Sokolov F., VV Andreev iyo orchestra, L., 1962; Vertkov K., Qalabka muusiga dadweynaha ee Ruushka, L., 1975.

GI Blagodatov