Beddelka |

laga bilaabo beddelka dambe - isbeddel

1) Kor u qaadida ama hoos u dhigida darajada miisaanka weyn iyada oo aan magaceeda la bedelin. Shilalka: (fiiqan, kor u kaca by semitone), (filan, ku dhacaya semitone), (laba-fiiqan, kor u kaca dhawaaq), (laba-baran, ku dhacaya cod). Calaamadaha kororka iyo hoos u dhaca saddex jibaarma lama isticmaalo (marka laga reebo waxay ku jirtaa Rimsky-Korsakov's The Tale of the Invisible City of Kitezh, lambar 220).

Shilalka bilawga xariiqda muusiga ee leh furaha (furaha) waxay ansax yihiin dhammaan octaves ilaa ay isbeddelaan. Shilalka qoraalka ka hor ( random) waxay ansax yihiin hal octave gudahood bar la bixiyay. Diidmada wax ka beddelka waxa lagu tilmaamay calaamadda (bekar).

Bilowgii, fikradda wax-ka-beddelku waxay kacday iyada oo la xidhiidha dulucda laba-geesoodka ah ee dhawaaqa B, kaas oo horeba ula kulmay qarnigii 10aad. Calaamad wareeg ah ayaa tilmaamaysa qoraal hoose (ama "jilic", Faransiis -mol, markaa ereyga guri); leydi - sare ("square", Faransiis. sarry, markaa becar); calaamadda muddo dheer (ilaa dhamaadkii qarnigii 17aad) waxay ahayd nooc u dhigma oo bekar ah.

Horraantii qarniyadii 17-18aad. random oo bilaabay inuu dhaqmo ilaa dhamaadka baarka (horey waxay ku nagaadeen ansax kaliya markii qoraal la mid ah soo noqnoqda), shilalka double ayaa la soo bandhigay. Muusikada casriga ah, sababtoo ah u janjeera dhinaca chromatization ee nidaamka tonal, dejinta shilalka muhiimka ah ayaa badanaa luminaya macnaheeda (waa in isla markiiba la tirtiro). Muusiga dodecaphone-ka, shilalka ayaa sida caadiga ah la dhigaa ka hor qoraal kasta oo la beddelo (marka laga reebo kuwa lagu soo celceliyo qiyaasta); calaamado labanlaab ah lama isticmaalo.

2) Caqiidada is-waafajinta, isbeddelka waxaa badanaa loo fahmaa inuu yahay isbeddel chromatic ah ee tallaabooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee miisaanka, xoojinta soojiidashadooda kuwa deggan (dhawaaqa tonic triad). Tusaale ahaan, C major:

Erayada ay ku jiraan dhawaaqyada chromatically modified waxaa loo yaqaannaa beddelka. Kuwa ugu muhiimsan waxay sameeyaan 3 kooxood. Saldhigga mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah waa kor u kaca lixaad, kaas oo ku yaala semitone ka sarreeya mid ka mid ah dhawaaqyada triad tonic. Shaxda dhawaaqyada la beddelay (sida uu qabo IV Sposobin):

Tafsiir kale, wax ka beddelka guud ahaan waxa loola jeedaa wax ka beddelka chromatic chord diatonic, iyada oo aan loo eegin in dhaqaaqa chromatic lagu jiheeyay dhawaaqyada tonic iyo in kale (X. Riemann, G. Schenker, A. Schoenberg, G. Erpf). Tusaale ahaan, gudaha C-dur, ce-ges waa beddelka darajada XNUMXaad ee saddex-geesoodka ah, a-cis-e waa seddexda darajada XNUMXth.

3) Tilmaanta caadadu, wax ka beddelku waa labanlaabida labaad ee labada waqti ee isle'eg (tusaale ahaan, kan labaad ee labada semibrevises) marka loo beddelo mitir laba qaybood ka kooban saddex qaybood; | | mitirka labanlaabka ah (ee laxanka casriga ah) u beddel | | saddex geesood ah.

Tixraacyo: Tyulin Yu., Waxbaridda ku saabsan wada noolaanshaha, qaybta I, L., 1937, M., 1966; Aerova F., Ladova beddelka, K., 1962; Berkov V., Harmony, qaybta 2, M., 1964, (dhammaan 3 qaybood oo hal mug ah) M., 1970; Sposobin I., Muxaadarooyin ku saabsan koorsada wada noolaanshaha, M., 1968; Schenker H., Neue musikalische Theorien und Phantasien…, Bd 1, B.-Stuttg., 1906; Schönberg A., Harmonlelehre, Lpz.-W., 1911, W., 1949; Riemann H., Handbuch der Harmonie- iyo Modulationslehre, Lpz., 1913; Kurth E., Romantische Harmonik und ihre Krise ee Wagners "Tristan", Bern, 1920; Erpf H., Studien zur Harmonie- und Klangtechnik der neueren Musik, Lpz., 1927.

Yu. N. Kholopov