Pentatonic |

laga bilaabo Pente Giriigga - shan iyo tone

Nidaamka dhawaaqa oo ka kooban shan tillaabo gudaha octave. Waxaa jira 4 nooc oo P.: non-semitone (ama dhab ahaantii P.); dhawaaq badhkeed; isku dhafan; xanaaqsan.

Non-nef-tone P. waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaanaa magacyo kale: dabiiciga ah (AS Ogolevets), saafi ah (X. Riemann), anhemitonic, dhawaaq-dhan; proto-diatonic (GL Katouar), nidaamka trichord (AD Kastalsky), gamma ee "epoch ee afraad" (PP Sokalsky), gamma Shiinaha, gamma Scotland. Noocan ugu muhiimsan P. (ereyga "P." iyada oo aan wax lagu daro gaar ah sida caadiga ah macnaheedu waa non-semitone P.) waa nidaam 5-tallaabo ah, dhammaan dhawaaqyada kuwaas oo lagu habeyn karo shan meelood meel saafi ah. Kaliya laba nooc oo dhexda ayaa lagu daray inta u dhaxaysa tallaabooyinka ku xiga ee miisaanka P. – b. labaad iyo m. saddexaad. P. waxaa lagu gartaa heeso saddex-tallaabo ah oo aan-semitone ahayn - trichords (m. saddexaad + b. labaad, tusaale ahaan, ega). Sababtoo ah maqnaanshaha semitones ee P., modal cuf-jiid fiiqan ma samaysan karo. Miisaanka P. ma muujinayo xarun tonal oo qeexan. Sidaa darteed, hawlaha Ch. codadka ayaa qaban kara mid ka mid ah shanta cod; markaa shan kala duwan. kala duwanaanshaha P. miisaanka halabuurka dhawaaqa isku midka ah:

Half-tone P. waa mid ka mid ah marxaladaha caadiga ah ee horumarinta muusikada. fikirka (fiiri nidaamka Sound). Sidaa darteed, P. (ama rudiments) waxaa laga helaa lakabyada qadiimiga ah ee muuska. sheeko-xariireedka dadyowga ugu kala duwan (oo ay ku jiraan dadyowga Galbeedka Yurub, fiiri buugga X. Moser iyo J. Müller-Blattau, bogga 15). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, P. ayaa si gaar ah u ah muusikada wadamada Bariga (Shiinaha, Vietnam), iyo USSR - ee Tataarka, Bashkirs, Buryats, iyo kuwa kale.

Do Nhuan (Vietnam). Heesta "Far March" (bilawga).

Qaybaha fikirka pentatonic ayaa sidoo kale sifo u ah Ruushka qadiimiga ah, Yukreeniyaan, Belarusiyaanka. nar. heeso:

Laga soo bilaabo ururinta A. Rubets "100 Yukreeniyaan Heeso Folk".

Trichords caadiga ah ee P. ee Ruush. nar. heesta inta badan waxaa lagu dahaadhay laxanka ugu fudud. qurxinta, dhaqdhaqaaqa tallaabo tallaabo ah (tusaale ahaan, heesta "Dabaylo ma jirin" oo ka yimid ururinta MA Balakirev). Hadhaaga P. ayaa lagu arki karaa muunadaha ugu da'da weyn ee qarniyadii dhexe. chorale (tusaale ahaan, qaacidooyinka caanka ah c-df ee Dorian, deg iyo ega ee Phrygian, gac ee hababka Mixolydian). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ilaa qarnigii 19aad. P. nidaam ahaan kuma khusayn Yurub. Prof. muusik. Fiiro gaar ah Nar. muusikada, xiisaha midabka moodada iyo wada noolaanshaha. sifooyinkii waagii ka dib markii classics Viennese keenay nolosha soo ifbaxa tusaalooyin cad oo P. sida gaar ah. sheegi doonaa. macneheedu waa (Laxanka Shiinaha ee muusiga K. Weber ilaa la qabsiga Schiller ee riwaayadda "Turandot" ee K. Gozzi; ee shaqada AP Borodin, MP Mussorgsky, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, E. Grieg, K. Debussy). P. waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu muujiyo degenaansho, maqnaanshaha hamiyada:

AP Borodin. Jacaylka "Amiirad Hurda" (bilaw).

Mararka qaarkood waxay u adeegtaa inay soo saarto dhawaaqa gambaleelka - Rimsky-Korsakov, Debussy. Mararka qaarkood P. ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa xuddunta ("laalaa" ee pentachord aan dhamaystirnayn):

Xildhibaan Mussorgsky. "Boris Godunov". Ficil III.

In muunado noo soo degay, Nar. heesaha, iyo sidoo kale prof. Shaqada P. waxay inta badan ku tiirsan tahay mid weyn (fiiri A tusaalaha tiirka 234) ama ilmo yar (eeg D isla tusaalahaas) sal, iyo iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay fududaynta aasaaska laga beddelayo hal cod oo mid kale, barbar socda. Habka beddelka ah ayaa badanaa la sameeyaa, tusaale ahaan.

Noocyada kale ee P. waa noocyadiisa. Halftone (hemitonic; sidoo kale ditonic) P. waxaa laga helaa Nar. muusiga qaar ka mid ah wadamada Bariga (X. Husman wuxuu tilmaamayaa laxanka Hindida, iyo sidoo kale Indonesian, Jabbaan). Qaab dhismeedka miisaanka miisaanka badhkii -

, tusaale. mid ka mid ah miisaanka slendro (Java). Mixed P. wuxuu isku daraa sifooyinka tonal iyo non-semitone (Husman wuxuu xusayaa laxanka mid ka mid ah dadyowga Congo).

Xanaaqa P. (laakin ma ahan dabeecad siman; ereygu waa gardarro) waa miisaanka slendro Indonesian, halkaasoo octave loo qaybiyo 5 tillaabo oo aan ku habboonayn tones ama semitones. Tusaale ahaan, hagaajinta mid ka mid ah gamelans-ka Javanese (ku jira semitones) waa sida soo socota: 2,51-2,33-2,32-2,36-2,48 (1/5 octave - 2,40).

Aragtida koowaad ee innaga soo degtay. Sharaxaada P. waxaa iska leh saynisyahano Dr. Shiinaha (malaha ku taariikhaysan nuskii 1aad ee millennium 1aad BC). Gudaha acoustic ee nidaamka lu (12 dhawaaqa shan meelood oo kaamil ah, oo la sameeyay horraantii boqortooyadii Zhou) oo la isku daray hal octave oo ka mid ah 5 dhawaaqyo deriska ah ayaa siisay tuubooyin aan semitone ahayn dhammaan shanta nooc ee kala duwan. Marka lagu daro xisaabinta caddaynta qaabka P. (taalladda ugu qadiimiga ah waa tixgelinta "Guanzi", oo loo aaneynayo Guan Zhong, - qarnigii 7aad ee BC), calaamad adag oo ah tallaabooyinka P. ayaa la sameeyay, halkaas oo shan dhawaaqood oo u dhigma 5 walxood, 5 dhadhan; Intaa waxaa dheer, codka "gong" (c) wuxuu astaan ​​​​u ahaa taliyaha, "shan" (d) - saraakiisha, "jue" (e) - dadka, "zhi" (g) - camal, "yu" (a) - waxyaabo.

Xiisaha P. ayaa soo noolaaday qarnigii 19aad. AN Serov wuxuu tixgeliyey P. inuu ka tirsan yahay Bariga. Muusigga oo loo tarjumay sida diatonic iyadoo laga tagay laba tallaabo. PP Sokalsky marka hore waxay muujisay doorka P. ee Ruushka. nar. gabayga oo ku nuuxnuuxsaday madaxbannaanida P. sida nooc muusik ah. nidaamyada. Marka laga eego aragtida masraxa, wuxuu ku xidhay P. oo leh "epoch of the quart" (taas oo qayb ahaan run ah). AS Famintsyn, odoroska fikradaha B. Bartok iyo Z. Kodaly, ayaa markii ugu horeysay tilmaamay in P. uu yahay lakab qadiimi ah oo bunks ah. muusikada Yurub; lakabyada badhkii, wuxuu helay P. iyo Ruush. hees. KV Kvitka oo ku salaysan xaqiiqooyin cusub iyo aragtiyo. shuruudaha ayaa dhaleeceeyay aragtida Sokalsky (gaar ahaan, hoos u dhigista "epoch of the quart" ee trichords of P., iyo sidoo kale qorshihiisa "saddex xilli" - rubuc, shanaad, seddexaad) wuxuuna caddeeyay aragtida pentatonic AS. Ogolevets, oo ku salaysan fikradda masraxa, waxay rumaysnayd in P. qaab qarsoodi ah uu sidoo kale ku jiro muusig horumarsan. nidaamka oo waa nooc ka mid ah "qalfoofka" ee ururka modal ee diatonic iyo hiddo-wadaha dambe ee noocyada muuska. fekeraya. IV Sposobin wuxuu xusay saamaynta P. ee samaynta mid ka mid ah noocyada is-waafajinta aan tertsia ahayn (eeg tusaalaha dhamaadka xariijinta 235). Ya.M. Girshman, isagoo horumariyay aragti faahfaahsan ee P. oo baaray jiritaankeeda Tat. muusiga, iftiimiyey taariikhda aragtida. fahamka P. In musicology shisheeye ee qarnigii 20aad. wax qani ah ayaa sidoo kale la ururiyay Dec. noocyada P. (marka lagu daro non-semitone).

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Yu. H. Kholopov