Nidaamka Pythagorean |
Nidaamka Pythagorean – loo sameeyay hab waafaqsan habka xisaabta Pythagoreans. muujinta inta jeer ee caadiga ah (dhererka) xiriirka u dhexeeya tallaabooyinka muusigga. nidaamyada. Saynis yahano kale oo Giriig ah ayaa si caqli gal ah u aasaasay in 2/3 xadhig ku fidsan monochord, gariiray, oo siinaya dhawaaq sax ah shan meelood meel ka sarreeya saldhigga. Tone, "ka soo jeeda gariirka dhammaan xadhigga, 3/4 ee xadhiggu wuxuu bixiyaa rubuc, iyo kala badh xadhigga - octave. Isticmaalka tiradaas, Ch. arr. qiimaha shanaad iyo octave, waxaad xisaabin kartaa dhawaaqyada diato-nich. ama chromatic. gamma (oo ah jajabyo xadhig ah, ama qaab iskudhafyada dhexda ah oo muujinaya saamiga inta jeer ee oscillation ee dhawaaqa sare iyo inta jeer ee kan hoose, ama qaab jaantuska gariirrada dhawaaqyada). Tusaale ahaan, cabirka C-dur wuxuu ku heli doonaa P.s. odhaahda soo socota:
Sida laga soo xigtay halyeeyga, P.s. marka hore la helay wax ku ool ah. Codsiga hagaajinta lyre ee Orpheus. Gudaha Dr. Giriiga, waxa loo isticmaalay in lagu xisaabiyo cilaaqaadka garoon ee ka dhexeeya dhawaaqyada marka la hagaajinayo cithara. Arbacada. Qarnigii, nidaamkan ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaali jiray hagaajinta xubnaha. P.s u adeegay aasaas u ah dhismaha hababka dhawaaqa ee aragtiyaha Bariga. Qarnigii dhexe (tusaale, Jami in the Treatise on Music, nuskii 2aad ee qarnigii 15aad). Iyadoo horumarinta polyphony, qaar ka mid ah sifooyin muhiim ah oo P. s ayaa shaaca laga qaaday: dhawaaqa dhawaaqa ee nidaamkani wuxuu si fiican u muujinayaa xiriirka ka dhexeeya dhawaaqyada melodic. taxanaha, gaar ahaan, xoogga saara, kor u qaadida cuf-jiidka semitone; isla mar ahaantaana, in tiro harmonics ah. shibbanayaasha, dhawaaqyadan waxaa loo arkaa inay aad u kacsan yihiin, been yihiin. Nadaamka saafiga ah, ama dabiiciga ah, kuwan cusub, iswaafajinta sifada, ayaa lagu aqoonsaday. u janjeera bakhaar ee dhawaaqa: waa la soo koobay (marka la barbar dhigo P. s.) b. 3 iyo b. 6 oo fidsan m. 3 iyo m. 6 (5/4, 5/3, 6/5, 8/5, siday u kala horreeyaan, halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen 81/64, 27/16, 32/27 iyo 128/81 ee P. s). Horumarka dheeraadka ah ee polyphony-ka, soo ifbaxa xidhiidho tonal cusub oo kakan, iyo isticmaalka baahsan ee dhawaaqyada siman ee enharmonic waxay sii xaddiday qiimaha dhawaaqa; waxaa la ogaaday in P.s. - Nidaam furan, tusaale ahaan, in shanaad 12aad aysan ku habboonayn dhererka dhawaaqa asalka ah (tusaale ahaan, wuxuu soo baxay inuu ka sarreeyo asalka c iyadoo la raacayo muddada loo yaqaan 'Pythagorean comma' oo la mid ah qiyaastii 1/9 cod dhan; sidaas darteed, P.s. looma isticmaali karo enharmonics. habaynta. Xaaladdan ayaa keentay muuqaalka nidaamka dabeecadda. Isla mar ahaantaana, sida lagu muujiyay cilmi-baarista acoustic, marka lagu ciyaarayo qalabka leh garoon aan go'an oo dhawaq ah (tusaale, violin) otd. codbixinta P.s. ka hel codsiga gudaha qaabka nidaamka aagga. Kala duwanaansho cosmological, joomatari fikradihii ka dhashay habka abuurista P. waxay si buuxda u lumiyeen macnahooda.
Tixraacyo: Garbuzov NA, Dabeecada aagga ee maqalka garoon, M.-L., 1948; Musical Acoustics, ed. Waxaa tafatiray NA Garbuzova. Moscow, 1954. Quruxda muusiga qadiimiga ah. Hordhac curis iyo ururinta qoraallada AF Losev, Moscow, 1961; Barbour JM, Ku adkaysiga nidaamka tuning Pythagorean, "Scripta xisaabta" 1933, v. 1, no 4; Bindel E., Die Zahlengrundlagen der Musik im Wandel der Zeiten, Bd 1, Stuttg., (1950).
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