Xiriirka furayaasha |
Xidhiidhka muhiimka ah - u dhowaanshaha furayaasha, oo lagu go'aamiyo tirada iyo muhiimada walxaha caadiga ah (dhawaaqyada, dhexda, chords). Habka tonal ayaa horumarisa; Sidaa darteed, ka kooban xubno ka mid ah tonality (dhawaaq-tallaabo, dhex-dhexaad ah, chordal, iyo functional) isku mid ma aha; rt ma aha wax buuxa oo aan isbeddelayn. Mabda'a R.t., oo run u ah hal nidaam tonal, waxa laga yaabaa inuu mid kale u buro. Tirada badan ee R. t. nidaamyada taariikhda caqiidada is-waafajinta (AB Marx, E. Prout, H. Riemann, A. Schoenberg, E. Lendvai, P. Hindemith, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, BL Yavorsky, GL Catuar, LM Rudolf, qorayaasha "Buug-gacmeedka" IV Sposobin iyo AF Mutli, OL iyo SS Skrebkovs, Yu. N. Tyulin iyo NG Privano, RS Taube, MA Iglitsky iyo kuwa kale) ugu dambeyntii waxay ka tarjumaysaa horumarinta nidaamka tonal.
Muusiga 18-19 qarniyadii. Midka ugu habboon, in kasta oo aan cillad lahayn, waa nidaamka R. t., oo lagu dejiyay buugga is-waafajinta ee NA Rimsky-Korsakov. Tonalities dhow (ama kuwa darajada 1aad ee qaraabanimada) waa lixdaas, tonic. triads to-rykh waxay saaran yihiin tillaabooyinka codka la siiyay (hababka dabiiciga ah iyo kuwa wada noolaanshaha). Tusaale ahaan, C-dur waxa ay xidhiidh dhow la leedahay a-yar, G-dur, e-minor, F-dur, d-minor iyo f-minor. Kuwa kale, furayaasha fogaa waxay u kala horreeyaan darajada 2aad iyo 3aad ee qaraabada. Sida laga soo xigtay IV Sposobin, R. t. nidaamku wuxuu ku salaysan yahay in tonality ay ku midaysan yihiin tonic-ka caadiga ah ee mid ama mid kale. Natiijo ahaan, tonality wuxuu u qaybsan yahay saddex kooxood: I - diatonic. qaraabonimo, II - qaraabo weyn-yar, III - chromatic. qaraabonimo, tusaale. ilaa C weyn:
Muusigga casriga ah, qaab-dhismeedka tonality ayaa isbeddelay; Markii ay lumisay xaddidaadkeedii hore, waxay noqotay siyaabo badan oo shakhsi ah. Sidaa darteed, nidaamyada R. t, ee la xidhiidha waayihii hore, ma muujinayaan kala duwanaanta R. t. waqtiyada casriga ah. muusik. Acoustic xaaladaysan qaraabada dhawaaqa, shanaad iyo xidhiidhka tertian waxay sii hayaan muhiimadooda wakhtiyada casriga ah. wada noolaansho. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaalado badan oo R. t. waxa ugu horayn la xidhiidha kakanaanta harmonics ee lagu soo bandhigay qaab dhismeedka tonality la siiyay. curiyayaasha. Natiijo ahaan, xiriirka dhabta ah ee shaqeynaya ee isku dhawaanshaha tonal ama fogaanta ayaa laga yaabaa inay noqdaan kuwo aad u kala duwan. Marka, haddii, tusaale ahaan, halabuurka furaha h-moll waxaa jira is-waafajin V hooseeya iyo II tillaabooyinka hoose (oo leh dhawaaqyada ugu weyn f iyo c), ka dibna tan awgeed, furaha f-moll ayaa laga yaabaa inuu noqdo si dhow ula xidhiidha h-moll (fiiri dhaqdhaqaaqa 2-aad ee Shostakovich's 9th symphony). Mawduuca ugaadhsadayaasha (Des-dur) ee ka soo jeeda heesaha. Sheekooyinka cirfiidka ah ee SS Prokofiev "Peter iyo Wolf", sababtoo ah qaabdhismeedka shakhsi ahaaneed ee tonality (marxaladda kaliya ee I iyo "Prokofiev dominant" - VII sare ayaa lagu bixiyaa), tonic waa semitone hoose (C-dur) ayaa soo baxday in uu aad uga dhow yahay kan dhaqameed ee heerka V (As-dur), kaas oo is-waafajintiisu marna ka muuqan mawduuca.
Tixraacyo: Dolzhansky AN, Iyada oo ku saleysan qaab-dhismeedka Shostakovich's, "SM", 1947, No 4, ee ururinta: Features of D. Shostakovich's style, M., 1962; Mytli AF, On modulation. Su'aasha ku saabsan horumarinta waxbarashada NA Rimsky-Korsakov oo ku saabsan xidhiidhka tonalities, M.-L., 1948; Taube RS, Nidaamyada xiriirka tonal, "Xusuusyada Sayniska iyo Hababka ee Saratov Conservatory", vol. 3, 1959; Slonimsky SM, Prokofiev's Symphonies, M.-L., 1969; Skorik MM, Habka qaabka S. Prokofiev, K., 1969; Sposobin IV, Muxaadarooyin ku saabsan koorsada wada noolaanshaha, M., 1969; Tiftikidi HP, Aragtida hal-tertz iyo nidaamyada chromatic tonal, gudaha: Su'aalaha aragtida muusiga, vol. 2, M., 1970; Mazel LA, Dhibaatooyinka wada noolaanshaha qadiimiga ah, M., 1972; Iglitsky M., Xidhiidhka furayaasha iyo dhibaatada helidda qorshooyinka wax-ka-beddelka, ee: Farshaxanka Muusiga iyo Sayniska, vol. 2, M., 1973; Rukavishnikov VN, Qaar ka mid ah ku-darka iyo caddaynta nidaamka xiriirka tonal ee NA Rimsky-Korsakov iyo siyaabaha suurtogalka ah ee horumarinta, in: Su'aalaha Aragtida Muusikada, vol. 3, M., 1975. eeg sidoo kale shiday. ee Art. Harmony.
Yu. N. Kholopov
