Salomea (Solomia) Amvrosievna Kruchelnitskaya (Salomea Kruszelnicka) |

Salomea Kruszelnicka

Xitaa inta lagu jiro nolosheeda, Salomea Kruchelnitskaya waxaa loo aqoonsaday inay tahay heesaa heersare ah oo adduunka ah. Waxay lahayd cod aad u wanaagsan xagga xoogga iyo quruxda oo leh baaxad ballaadhan (ilaa saddex octaves oo leh diiwaan dhexe oo bilaash ah), xusuusta muusiga (waxay ku baran kartaa qayb opera ah laba ama saddex maalmood gudahood), iyo karti riwaayadeed oo ifaysa. Heesaha riwaayadeeda waxaa ka mid ahaa in ka badan 60 qaybood oo kala duwan. Waxaa ka mid ah abaal-marinteeda badan iyo kala-soocideeda, gaar ahaan, cinwaanka "Wagnerian prima donna ee qarnigii labaatanaad." Laxamiistaha reer Talyaani Giacomo Puccini ayaa soo bandhigay fannaanka sawirkiisa oo ay ku xardhan tahay "Balanbaal qurux badan oo soo jiidasho leh".

Salomeya Kruchelnytska waxa uu ku dhashay on September 23, 1872 tuulada Belyavintsy, hadda degmada Buchatsky ee gobolka Ternopil ah, qoyska wadaad ah.

Waxay ka timid qoys reer Yukreeniyaan ah oo sharaf leh oo qadiimi ah. Tan iyo 1873, qoysku waxay guureen dhowr jeer, 1878 waxay u guureen tuulada Belaya ee u dhow Ternopil, halkaas oo aan waligood ka tagin. Waxay bilawday in ay heeso yaraanteedii. Ilmo ahaan, Salome waxay taqaannay heeso badan oo dad ah, kuwaas oo ay si toos ah uga baratay beeralayda. Waxay ka heshay aasaaska tababarka muusigga ee jimicsiga Ternopil, halkaas oo ay ku qaadatay imtixaanno arday dibadda ah. Halkan waxay ku dhowaatay wareegga muusikada ee ardayda dugsiga sare, kuwaas oo Denis Sichinsky, ka dib laxamiistaha caanka ah, muusikiiste xirfadeed ee ugu horreeya ee Galbeedka Ukraine, ayaa sidoo kale xubin ka ahaa.

Sannadkii 1883-kii, riwaayadda Shevchenko ee Ternopil, waxqabadkii ugu horreeyay ee dadweynaha ee Salome ayaa dhacay, waxay ku heesay kooxda heesaha ee bulshada wada sheekaysiga Ruushka. Ternopil, Salomea Kruchelnytska waxay barteen masraxa markii ugu horeysay. Halkan, waqti ka waqti, masraxa Lvov ee bulshada wada sheekeysiga ee Ruushka.

Sannadkii 1891-kii, Salome waxay gashay Lviv Conservatory. At konservatory ah, iyada macalin ahaa markaas professor caanka ah ee Lviv, Valery Vysotsky, kaas oo keenay galaxy dhan oo fannaaniin caan ah Yukreeniyaan iyo Polish. Intii ay wax ku baranaysay konservatory-ga, waxqabadkeedii ugu horreeyay ee kali ah ayaa dhacay, Abriil 13, 1892, heesaagu wuxuu sameeyay qaybta ugu weyn ee GF Handel's oratori "Masiixa". Ciyaartii ugu horeysay ee Salome Kruchelnytska waxay dhacday April 15, 1893, waxay samaysay doorka Leonora ee waxqabadka muusiga Talyaaniga G. Donizetti "The Favorite" ee masraxa magaalada Lviv.

Sannadkii 1893 Kruchelnytska wuxuu ka qalin jabiyay konserfatifka Lvov. Shahaadada qalin-jabinta ee Salome, waxa lagu qoray: “Diblomaasi waxa ay heshay Panna Salomea Krushelnitskaya si ay caddayn u noqoto waxbarashada fanka ee ay ku heshay dedaal ku dayasho mudan iyo guul aan caadi ahayn, gaar ahaan tartan dadweyne oo dhacay 24-kii Juun, 1893-kii, kaas oo lagu guddoonsiiyey lacag qalin ah. billad.”

Iyadoo weli wax ka baranaysa konserfatifka, Salomea Kruchelnytska waxay heshay dalab ka yimid Opera House Lviv, laakiin waxay go'aansatay inay sii wadato waxbarashadeeda. Go'aankeeda waxaa saameyn ku yeeshay fanaanada caanka ah ee Talyaaniga Gemma Bellinchoni, oo wakhtigaas dalxiis ku joogtay Lviv. Dayrta 1893, Salome waxay wax ka baratay Talyaaniga, halkaas oo Professor Fausta Crespi uu noqday macalinkeeda. Geedi socodka waxbarashada, bandhigyada riwaayadaha oo ay ku heesi jirtay opera aria waxay ahaayeen dugsi fiican oo Salome ah. Qeybtii labaad ee sagaashameeyadii, bandhigeeda guusha leh ee masraxyada masraxyada adduunka ayaa billaabay: Italy, Spain, France, Portugal, Russia, Poland, Austria, Egypt, Argentina, Chile ee operas Aida, Il trovatore by D Verdi, Faust » Ch. Gounod, The Terrible Yard ee S. Moniuszko, Haweeneyda Afrikaanka ah ee D. Meyerbeer, Manon Lescaut iyo Cio-Cio-San ee G. Puccini, Carmen ee J. Bizet, Elektra oo uu qoray R. Strauss, "Eugene Onegin" iyo "The Queen of Spades" by PI Tchaikovsky iyo kuwa kale.

February 17, 1904 at Milan masraxa "La Scala" Giacomo Puccini soo bandhigay opera cusub "Mada Butterfly". Weligeed muu aabbihiisu si cad u hubin guusha...laakin daawadayaasha ayaa si cadho leh ugu ooriyay opera-ka. Maestro-ga la dabaaldegay ayaa dareemay burbur. Saaxiibadu waxay ku qanciyeen Puccini inuu dib u shaqeeyo shaqadiisa, iyo inuu ku martiqaado Salome Kruchelnitskaya qaybta ugu muhiimsan. Maajo 29-keedii, masraxa Masraxa Grande ee Brescia, bandhiga Madama Butterfly ee la cusboonaysiiyay ayaa dhacay, waqtigan guul. Dadweynihii madasha joogay ayaa toddoba jeer ugu yeedhay jilayaasha iyo halabuurkii. Bandhigga ka dib, taabtay oo u mahadceliyey, Puccini wuxuu u soo diray Kruchelnitskaya sawirkiisa oo ku qoran: "Balanbaalista ugu quruxda badan uguna quruxda badan."

Sanadkii 1910, S. Krushelnitskaya wuxuu guursaday duqa magaalada Viareggio (Talyaaniga) iyo qareen Cesare Riccioni, oo ahaa khabiir muusig iyo aristocrat ah. Waxay ku guursadeen mid ka mid ah macbadyada Buenos Aires. Guurka ka dib, Cesare iyo Salome waxay degeen Viareggio, halkaas oo Salome ay ka iibsatay guri villa ah, taas oo ay ugu yeertay "Salome" oo ay sii waday dalxiis.

Sannadkii 1920-kii, Krushelnitskaya waxay ka tagtay masraxa opera-ga ee heerkeeda caan ah, iyada oo markii ugu dambeysay ku soo bandhigtay Tiyaatarka Naples ee operaskeeda Lorelei iyo Lohengrin. Waxay nolosheeda dheeraadka ah u hurtay inay qabato riwaayadda qolka, iyada oo qaadaysa heeso 8 luqadood ah. Waxay soo martay Yurub iyo Ameerika. Sannadahan oo dhan ilaa 1923 waxay si joogto ah u timid waddankeeda waxayna ku samaysay Lvov, Ternopil iyo magaalooyinka kale ee Galicia. Waxay xidhiidh saaxiibtinimo la lahayd dad badan oo reer Ukraine ah. Riwaayadaha u heellan xusuusta Taras Shevchenko ayaa meel gaar ah ka dhigtay waxqabadka hal-abuurka ee heesaha. Sanadkii 1929-kii, riwaayaddii ugu dambeysay ee dalxiiska ee S. Kruchelnitskaya ayaa ka dhacday Rome.

In 1938, Kruchelnitskaya ninkeeda, Cesare Riccioni, dhintay. Bishii Ogosto 1939, heesaa wuxuu booqday Galicia, sababtoo ah dillaaca dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka, ma awoodin inuu ku laabto Talyaaniga. Intii lagu jiray qabsashadii Jarmalka ee Lviv, S. Kruselnytska aad buu u liitay, sidaas darteed waxay bixisay casharro cod ah oo gaar ah.

Muddadii dagaalka ka dib, S. Kruselnytska waxa uu ka shaqo bilaabay Konserfatifka Gobolka Lviv ee loogu magac daray NV Lysenko. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, shaqadeeda waxbarida si dirqi ah ayay ku bilaabatay, ku dhawaadna way dhammaatay. Intii lagu guda jiray "nadiifinta shaqaalaha ee canaasiirta waddaniga ah" waxaa lagu eedeeyay inaysan haysan shahaadada ilaalinta. Later, dibloomada waxaa laga helay lacagaha madxafka taariikhiga ah ee magaalada.

Ku noolaanshaha iyo waxbaridda ee Midowga Soofiyeeti, Salomeya Amvrosievna, inkastoo rafcaanno badan, muddo dheer ma heli karin dhalashada Soofiyeedka, haray mawduuca Italy. Ugu dambeyntii, iyada oo qoraal ah oo ku saabsan wareejinta gurigeeda talyaaniga iyo dhammaan hantideeda ee dawlad-goboleedka Soofiyeedka, Kruchelnitskaya waxay noqotay muwaadin ka tirsan USSR. Gurigii filada ahaa isla markiiba waa la iibiyay, iyada oo qofkii lahaa laga siiyay qayb yar oo qiimaheeda ah.

Sannadkii 1951, Salome Krushelnitskaya waxaa la guddoonsiiyey horyaalka ee shaqaalaha Farshaxanka ee SSR ee Yukreeniyaan, iyo October 1952, bil ka hor dhimashadeeda, Krushelnitskaya helay horyaalka Professor.

Noofambar 16, 1952, wadnaha fannaanka weyn ayaa joojiyay garaaca. Waxaa lagu aasay Lviv qabuuraha Lychakiv ee u dhow qabriga saaxiibkeed iyo lataliye, Ivan Franko.

Sannadkii 1993, waddo ayaa loo magacaabay S. Kruselnytska ee Lviv, halkaas oo ay ku noolayd sannadihii ugu dambeeyay nolosheeda. Matxafka xusuusta ee Salomea Kruselnytska ayaa laga furay guriga heesaha. Maanta, Lviv Opera House, Lviv Musical Secondary School, Ternopil Musical College (halkaas oo wargeyska Salomeya lagu daabacay), dugsiga 8-sano jir ah ee tuulada Belaya, waddooyinka Kyiv, Lvov, Ternopil, Buchach waa oo lagu magacaabo S. Kruchelnytska (eeg Salomeya Kruchelnytska Street). Qolka muraayadda ee Lviv Opera iyo Tiyaatarka Ballet waxaa ku yaal taallo naxaas ah oo loogu talagalay Salome Kruchelnytska.

Shaqooyin badan oo farshaxan, muusiko iyo shaleemo ayaa u heellan nolosha iyo shaqada Salomea Kruselnytska. In 1982, at studio filimka A. Dovzhenko, agaasimaha O. Fialko toogtay filimka taariikhiga ah iyo taariikh nololeedka "Soo noqoshada Balanbaalista" (ku salaysan novel ee magaca la mid ah by V. Vrublevskaya), u heellan nolosha iyo shaqada Salomea Kruchelnitskaya. Sawirku waxa uu ku salaysan yahay xaqiiqooyinka dhabta ah ee nolosheeda fannaanadu waxa uu u dhisnaa sidii xasuusteeda. Qaybaha Salome waxaa sameeya Gisela Zipola. Doorka Salome ee filimka waxaa ciyaaray Elena Safonova. Intaa waxaa dheer, dukumeentiyada ayaa la abuuray, gaar ahaan, Salome Krushelnitskaya (oo uu hagayo I. Mudrak, Lvov, Most, 1994) Laba Nololeed Salome (oo uu hagayo A. Frolov, Kyiv, Kontakt, 1997), wareegga "Magacyada" (2004) , Filim dukumeenti ah "Solo-mea" oo ka socda wareegga "Game of Fate" ( agaasime V. Obraz, VIATEL studio, 2008). March 18, 2006 on masraxa Lviv National Academic Opera iyo Tiyaatarka Ballet magacaabay ka dib markii S. Kruchelnitskaya martigeliyay horudhac ee ballet Miroslav Skorik ee "Soo noqoshada Balanbaalista", oo ku salaysan xaqiiqada nolosha Salomea Kruchelnitskaya. Ballet waxay isticmaashaa muusiga Giacomo Puccini.

Sannadkii 1995-kii, bandhiga riwaayadda "Salome Krushelnytska" (qoraaga B. Melnichuk, I. Lyakhovsky) ayaa ka dhacay masraxa riwaayadaha gobolka Ternopil (hadda masraxa tacliinta). Tan iyo 1987, tartanka Salomea Kruchelnytska ayaa lagu qabtay Ternopil. Sannad kasta Lviv waxay martigelisaa tartanka caalamiga ah ee loogu magac daray Kruchelnytska; xafladaha fanka opera waxay noqdeen dhaqan.