Zara Alexandrovna Dolukhanova |

Zara Dolukhanova

Waxay ku dhalatay March 15, 1918 ee Moscow. Aabaha - Makaryan Agassi Markovich. Hooyo - Makaryan Elena Gaykovna. Walaasha - Dagmara Alexandrovna. Wiilasha: Mikhail Dolukhanyan, Sergey Yadrov. Awoowe: Alexander, Igor.

Zara hooyadeed waxay lahayd cod qurux badan oo naadir ah. Waxay baratay heesaha AV Yuryeva, soloist caan ah, saaxiibkiis iyo saaxiibkii AV Nezhdanova waagii hore, waxaana baray farshaxanka piano VV Barsova, oo aad u da 'yar sannadahaas, mustaqbalka prima donna ee Tiyaatarka Bolshoi . Aabahay waxa uu ahaa injineer makaanik ah, jecel muusiga, waxa uu si madax banaan u bartay violin-ka iyo biyaano, waxa uu ahaa fannaaniinta faneed hiwaayadda ah. Sidaa darteed, labada gabdhood ee waalidiin karti leh, Dagmara iyo Zara, laga bilaabo maalmaha ugu horreeya ee noloshooda, waxay ku jireen jawi ay ka buuxaan muusig, laga soo bilaabo da'da yar waxaa lagu soo bandhigay dhaqan muusig oo dhab ah. Laga soo bilaabo da'da shan sano, Zara yar waxay bilowday inay casharrada piano ka qaadato ON Karandasheva-Yakovleva, iyo toban jirkeeda waxay gashay dugsiga muusikada ee carruurta oo loogu magac daray KN Igumnov. Horeba sanadka saddexaad ee daraasadda, iyada oo ay hogaaminayso macalinkeeda SN Nikiforova, waxay ku ciyaartay sonatas Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Bach's preludes iyo fugues. Wax yar ka dib Zara waxay u guurtay fasalka violin, sannad ka dibna waxay noqotay arday dhigta Gnessin Music College, halkaas oo ay wax ka baratay 1933 ilaa 1938.

Iskuulka farsamada muusiga, macalinkeedu wuxuu ahaa sayid aad u wanaagsan, kaasoo keenay galaxyo dhan oo ka mid ah abaalmarinta caanka ah ee violin, Pyotr Abramovich Bondarenko, oo ah borofisar ka tirsan Machadka Gnessin iyo Conservatory. Ugu dambeyntii, Zara, oo lix iyo toban jir ah, oo markii ugu horreysay ku biirtay laba xirfadood oo qalabaysan, ayaa heshay jidkeeda ugu muhiimsan. Mudnaanta tani waa heesta qolka iyo macalinka VM Belyaeva-Tarasevich. Macallimaddu, iyadoo ku tiirsan qoraallada laabta ee dhawaaqa dabiiciga ah ee quruxda badan, waxay u aqoonsatay codkeeda inuu yahay mezzo-soprano. Fasalada leh Vera Manuilovna waxay ka caawiyeen codka fannaanka mustaqbalka si uu u sii xoogeysto, wuxuu dhigay aasaas adag oo horumarineed oo dheeraad ah.

Sannadihii waxbarasho ee Zara ee Kuliyadda Muusikada waxay ku soo beegantay waayihii wacnaa ee curiyaha Ruushka iyo bandhigga dugsiga. In conservatory iyo Column Hall of House of Unions, oo ay weheliyaan fannaaniinta gudaha, caanka ah ajnabiga soo bandhigay, masters of jiilka ka weyn waxaa lagu bedelay abaal-marinno dhalinyaro ah, saaxiibada mustaqbalka ee heesaha. Laakiin ilaa hadda, 30-meeyadii, iyadu xitaa kama fikirin marxaladda xirfadeed waxayna ka duwan tahay asxaabteeda - ardayda cusub ee kaliya ee waxtarkeeda weyn iyo halista, harraad la'aanta waayo-aragnimada cusub. Fannaaniinta gudaha, Zare sannadahaas waxay ku dhowdahay NA Obukhova, MP Maksakova, VA Davydova, ND Shpiller, S.Ya. Lemeshev. Qalab-yaqaan dhawaanahan, Zara da'yar ayaa soo jiidatay dareen qiiro leh riwaayadaha violinists, pianists, iyo qolalka qolka.

Horumarinta xirfadeed ee Zara Alexandrovna, kobaca iyo horumarinta xirfadaheeda ayaan mar dambe lala xiriirin hay'ad waxbarasho. Iyadoo aan ka qalin jabin dugsiga farsamada, waxay u tagtay Yerevan sababo shakhsi ahaaneed - kulan uu la yeeshay Alexander Pavlovich Dolukhanyan, dhalinyaro, qurux badan, karti, jacayl iyo guur ayaa si weyn u beddelay laxanka nolosha caadiga ah ee arday sax ah, dadaal badan. Daraasadda ayaa la joojiyay wax yar ka hor imtixaankii ugu dambeeyay. Dolukhanyan wuxuu la wareegay shaqadii macalinka codka wuxuuna ku qanciyay xaaskiisa inay doorbideyso nooca qoyska ee "Conservatory", gaar ahaan maadaama uu ahaa qof aad ugu karti badan arrimaha codka iyo tignoolajiyada, yaqaana sida iyo jecel inuu la shaqeeyo. fannaaniin, iyo ka sokow, muusikiiste cufan oo baaxad weyn, had iyo jeer ku qancay xaqnimadiisa. Waxa uu ka qalin jabiyay pianist ka Conservatory Leningrad, iyo 1935 waxa uu sidoo kale dhammeeyay waxbarashada postgraduate SI Savshinsky, borofisar ugu awoodda badan, madaxa waaxda, iyo wax yar ka dib markii uu guursaday wuxuu bilaabay inuu hagaajiyo halabuurka N.Ya. Myaskovsky. Horeba Yerevan, oo wax ku baraya piano iyo fasalada qolka konserfatifka, Dolukhanyan wuxuu siiyay riwaayado badan oo ay la socdaan Pavel Lisitsian da'da yar. Zara Alexandrovna waxay xasuusataa muddadan nolosheeda, oo u heellan hal-abuurka, ururinta xirfadaha, sida farxad iyo midho leh.

Tan iyo dayrta ee 1938 ee Yerevan, heesaa si aan ula kac ahayn ku biiray nolosha masraxa oo dareemay jawi firfircoon ee diyaarinta tobankii sano ee farshaxanka Armenia ee Moscow, ka welwelsan qaraabadeeda - ka qaybgalayaasha forum: ka dib oo dhan, sannad ka hor iyada guur la Dolukhanyan , waxay guursatay xiddiga soo koraya ee marxaladda Armenia - baritone Pavel Lisitsian Dagmar walaashiis ka weyn ayaa soo baxday. Labada qoysba waxay si buuxda u xoog badnaayeen bishii Oktoobar 1939 waxay aadeen Moscow muddo toban sano ah. Isla markiiba Zara lafteedu waxay noqotay soloist ee Tiyaatarka Yerevan.

Dolukhanova wuxuu u dhaqmay sidii Dunyasha ee aroosadda Tsar, Polina ee boqoradda Spades. Labada operasba waxa lagu qabtay jihada kaariyaha MA Tavrizian, farshaxan adag oo dhab ah. Ka-qaybgalka wax-soo-saarkiisu waa imtixaan halis ah, imtixaanka ugu horreeya ee qaan-gaarnimada. Nasasho gaaban ka dib dhalashada ilmo oo ay ninkeeda kula qaadatay Moscow, Zara Alexandrovna waxay ku soo noqotay Tiyaatarka Yerevan, waxay ahayd bilowgii dagaalka, waxayna sii waday inay ka shaqeyso qaybaha opera ee mezzo-soprano. repertoire. Nolosha muusiga ee caasimadda Armenia wakhtigaas waxay ku socotay si xoog leh sababtoo ah fannaaniinta aadka u fiican ayaa loo daadgureeyay Yerevan. Fanaanada da'da yar ayaa lahayd qof ay wax ka barato iyada oo aan hoos u dhigin korriimadeeda hal abuurnimo. Intii lagu guda jiray dhowr xilli oo shaqo ee Yerevan, Zara Dolukhanova waxay diyaarisay oo samaysay qaybta Countess de Ceprano iyo Page ee Rigoletto, Emilia ee Othello, Gabadha Labaad ee Anush, Gayane ee Almast, Olga ee Eugene Onegin. Oo si lama filaan ah da'da lix iyo labaatan jir - macasalaamayn tiyaatarka! Waa maxay sababtu? Qofka ugu horreeya ee ka jawaaba su'aashan hal-abuurka leh, isagoo dareemaya isbeddelka soo socda, wuxuu ahaa Mikael Tavrizian, oo ahaa madaxa maamulaha Yerevan Opera ee wakhtigaas. Dhammaadkii 1943-kii, wuxuu si cad u dareemay boodboodka tayada leh ee uu sameeyay farshaxan-yahanka da'da yar ee horumarinta farsamooyinka waxqabadka, wuxuu xusay iftiinka gaarka ah ee coloratura, midabada cusub ee timbre. Waxaa caddaatay in sayid hore loo sameeyay uu heesayo, kaas oo sugayay mustaqbal ifaya, laakiin si dhib leh ugu xidhan masraxa, halkii uu ku shaqeyn lahaa riwaayadaha. Sida ay fannaanadu sheegtay lafteedu, heesta qolku waxa ay siisay rabitaankeeda tarjumaad shakhsi ahaaneed iyo shaqo xor ah oo aan xaddidnayn oo ku saabsan dhammaystirka codka.

Ku dadaalida qummanaanta codku waa mid ka mid ah welwelka ugu weyn ee heesta. Waxay tan gaartey ugu horrayn markii ay qabanaysay shaqooyinka A. iyo D. Scarlatti, A. Caldara, B. Marcello, J. Pergolesi iyo kuwa kale. Duubista shaqooyinkan waxay u noqon karaan gargaar waxbarid oo lama huraan u ah heesaha. Inta badan si cad, fasalka heesaha ayaa lagu muujiyay waxqabadka Bach iyo Handel. Riwaayadaha Zara Dolukhanova waxaa ka mid ahaa wareegyada codka iyo shaqooyinka F. Schubert, R. Schumann, F. Liszt, I. Brahms, R. Strauss, iyo sidoo kale Mozart, Beethoven, Stravinsky, Prokofiev, Shostakovich, Sviridov iyo kuwa kale. Muusigga qolka Ruushka ee riwaayadda heesaagu wuxuu u huray dhammaan barnaamijyo fidsan. Laxamiistaha casriga ah, Zara Alexandrovna ayaa sidoo kale sameeyay shuqullo ay sameeyeen Y. Shaporin, R. Shchedrin, S. Prokofiev, A. Dolukhanyan, M. Tariverdiev, V. Gavrilin, D. Kabalevsky iyo kuwo kale.

Farshaxannimada Dolukhanova waxay dabooshaa muddo afartan sano ah. Waxay ka heesay hoolalka riwaayadaha ee ugu wanaagsan Yurub, Waqooyiga iyo Koonfurta Ameerika, Aasiya, Australia iyo New Zealand. Inta badan xarumaha muusiga ee aduunka ugu waa wayn, heesaagu waxa uu si joogto ah riwaayado u soo bandhigay guulo waaweyn

Farshaxanka ZA Dolukhanova ayaa si weyn looga mahadcelinayaa dalka iyo dibaddaba. Sannadkii 1951-kii, waxaa la siiyay Abaalmarinta Gobolka ee bandhig faneedka heersare ah. In 1952, iyadu waxaa la guddoonsiiyey horyaalka ee Artist sharafta Armenia, ka dibna, 1955, Artist dadka ee Armenia. Sanadkii 1956, ZA Dolukhanova - Fanaanka Dadka ee RSFSR. 6-dii Febraayo, Paul Robeson wuxuu Dolukhanova siiyay Shahaadada Mahadnaq ee ay guddoonsiisay Golaha Nabadda Adduunka iyada oo la xiriirta sannad-guuradii tobnaad ee dhaqdhaqaaqa nabadda adduunka oo dhan "Ka qaybqaadashadeeda muuqda ee xoojinta nabadda iyo saaxiibtinimada dadyowga dhexdooda." Sannadkii 1966-kii, kii ugu horreeyay ee fannaaniintii Soofiyeedka, Z. Dolukhanova, ayaa la guddoonsiiyay abaalmarinta Lenin. Sanadkii 1990-kii, heesaagu wuxuu helay magaca sharafeed ee fanaaniinta dadka ee USSR. Xiisaha aan la damin karin ee shaqadeeda waxa kale oo caddaynaya in, tusaale ahaan, kaliya muddadii u dhaxaysay 1990 ilaa 1995, siddeed CD ay sii daayeen shirkadaha Melodiya, Monitor, Austro Mechana iyo Ruush Disc.

PER. Dolukhanova wuxuu ahaa borofisar ka tirsan Gnessin Russian Academy of Music wuxuuna baray fasalka Gnessin Institute, si firfircoon uga qaybqaatay xeerbeegtida tartamada muusikada. Waxay haysataa in ka badan 30 arday, kuwaas oo qaar badan oo ka mid ah ay noqdeen macalimiin.

Waxay ku dhimatay December 4, 2007 ee Moscow.