Andrey Melytonovich Balanchivadze (Andrey Balanchivadze) |

Andrey Balanchivadze

Hawsha A. Balanchivadze, laxamiistaha aadka u wanaagsan ee Georgia, waxa ay noqotay bog ifaya horumarinta dhaqanka muusiga qaranka. Magaciisa, wax badan oo ku saabsan muusikada xirfadlaha ah ee Georgian ayaa u muuqday markii ugu horeysay. Tani waxay khusaysaa noocyada sida ballet, concerto piano, "in shaqadiisa, Fekerka symphonic Georgian markii ugu horeysay u muuqday in foomka kaamil ah, oo sida fudud classical" (O. Taktakishvili). A. Balanchivadze waxa uu soo saaray galaxyo dhan oo halabuuro jamhuuriyadda ah, oo ka mid ahaa ardaydiisii ​​R. Lagidze, O. Tevdoradze, A. Shaverzashvili, Sh. Milorava, A. Chimakadze, B. Kvernadze, M. Davitashvili, N. Mamisashvili iyo kuwa kale.

Balanchivadze waxa uu ku dhashay St. Petersburg. "Aabahay, Meliton Antonovich Balanchivadze, wuxuu ahaa muusikiiste xirfadle ah... Waxaan bilaabay curinta anigoo siddeed jir ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu runtii, si dhab ah u qaatay muusikada 1918, ka dib markii uu u guuray Georgia. Sanadkii 1918, Balanchivadze wuxuu galay Kutaisi Musical College, kaas oo la aasaasay aabihiis. 1921-26. waxbarashada Tiflis Conservatory ee fasalka halabuurka leh N. Cherepnin, S. Barkhudaryan, M. Ippolitov-Ivanov, isku dayaa inuu gacantiisa ku qoro qaybo yaryar oo qalab ah. Isla sannadahaas, Balanchivadze wuxuu u shaqeeyay sidii naqshadeeye muusig oo loogu talagalay bandhigyada Masraxa Proletcult ee Georgia, Masraxa Satire, Masraxa Shaqaalaha Tbilisi, iwm.

Sannadkii 1927-kii, iyada oo qayb ka ah koox fannaaniin ah, Balanchivadze waxaa u soo diray Guddiga Waxbarashada Dadweynaha ee Georgia si uu wax uga barto Conservatory Leningrad, halkaas oo uu wax ka bartay ilaa 1931. Halkan A. Zhitomirsky, V. Shcherbachev, M. Yudina wuxuu noqday macalimiintiisa. . Ka dib markii uu ka qalin jabiyay Conservatory Leningrad, Balanchivadze wuxuu ku laabtay Tbilisi, halkaas oo uu ka helay martiqaad Kote Marjanishvili si uu uga shaqeeyo masraxa uu hagayo. Inta lagu jiro muddadan, Balanchivadze wuxuu kaloo qoray muusig filimadii ugu horreeyay ee Georgian ah.

Balanchivadze waxa uu soo galay fanka Soofiyeedka horraantii 20kii iyo 30kii. oo ay weheliyaan galaxyo dhan oo halabuurayaal Georgian ah, kuwaas oo ay ka mid ahaayeen Gr. Kiladze, Sh. Mshvelidze, I. Tuskia, Sh. Azmaiparashvili. Waxay ahayd jiil cusub oo ka mid ah laxamiistaha qaranka kuwaas oo soo qaaday oo sii waday hab iyaga u gaar ah guulaha laxamiistaha ugu da'da weyn - aasaasayaasha muusikada xirfadeed ee qaranka: Z. Paliashvili, V. Dolidze, M. Balanchivadze, D. Arakishvili. Si ka duwan kuwii iyaga ka horreeyay, kuwaas oo inta badan ka shaqayn jiray qaybta opera, heesaha iyo muusiga codka, jiilka da'da yar ee laxanka Joorjiyaanka ayaa inta badan u jeestay muusigga qalabka, muusigga Georgian wuxuu u horumaray jihadaas labaatan ilaa soddon sano ee soo socda.

Sanadkii 1936, Balanchivadze wuxuu qoray shaqadiisii ​​​​ugu horeysay ee muhiimka ah - Concerto Piano First, kaas oo noqday tusaalaha ugu horreeya ee noocaan ee farshaxanka muusikada qaranka. Mawduuca dhalaalaysa ee riwaayaddu waxa ay ku xidhan tahay sheeko-xariireedka qaranka: waxa ay ka kooban tahay soo jiidashada heesaha socod-maskaxda ah ee aadka u daran, laxanka qoob-ka-cayaarka ee quruxda badan, iyo heeso murti leh. Halabuurkan, astaamo badan oo lagu garto qaabka Balanchivadze ee mustaqbalka ayaa durba la dareemay: habka kala duwan ee horumarka, isku xirka dhow ee mawduucyada geesinimada leh ee heesaha caanka ah ee gaarka ah, wanaagga qaybta piano, oo xasuusinaysa pianism-ka F. Liszt. Jidadka geesinimada leh ee ku jira shaqadan, laxamiistaha ayaa qaab cusub ku soo bandhigi doona Concerto Piano Labaad (1946).

Dhacdo muhiim ah oo ka mid ah nolosha muusiga ee jamhuuriyadda waxay ahayd ballet-heroic-heroic ballet "Wadnaha Buuraha" (daabacaadda 1aad 1936, daabacaadda 2aad 1938). Sheekadu waxay ku saleysan tahay jacaylka ugaadhsiga da'da yar ee Dzhardzhi ee gabadha Prince Manizhe iyo dhacdooyinka halganka beeralayda ee ka soo horjeeda dulmiga feudal ee qarnigii 1959. Muuqaallo jacayl oo qawl ah-romantic ah, oo ay ka buuxaan soo jiidasho iyo gabayo aan caadi ahayn, ayaa halkan lagu daray dad, nooc-guri ah. Cunsurka qoob-ka-ciyaarka dadweynaha, oo lagu daray choreography qadiimiga, ayaa noqday saldhigga riwaayadaha iyo luqadda muusiga ee ballet. Balanchivadze waxay isticmaashaa qoob-ka-ciyaarka wareega, sachidao tamar leh (ciyaar la sameeyay intii lagu jiray halgankii qaranka), mtiuluri xagjirka ah, tseruli farxadeed, horumi geesiga ah, iwm. Shostakovich wuxuu aad u qadariyay ballet-ka: “… ma jiro wax yar oo muusigan ah, wax walba waa qoto dheer… sharaf iyo sharaf leh, cudurro badan oo halis ah oo ka imanaya gabayo culus. Halabuurkii shaqadiisii ​​ugu dambeysay ee dagaalka ka hor waxay ahayd opera-majaajilada Mziya, kaas oo lagu soo bandhigay XNUMX. Waxay ku salaysan tahay qorshe ka yimid nolol maalmeedka tuulada hantiwadaagga ee Georgia.

Sannadkii 1944-kii, Balanchivadze wuxuu qoray heestiisii ​​ugu horreysay iyo tan ugu horreysay ee muusigga Georgian, oo loogu talagalay dhacdooyinka casriga ah. “Waxaan qoray hees-faneedkeygii ugu horreeyay sannadihii ugu xumaa ee dagaalka… 1943-kii, intii lagu jiray duqeynta, walaashay way dhimatay. Waxaan rabay in aan ka tarjumayo waayo-aragnimo badan oo ku jirta riwaayadan: ma aha oo kaliya murugada iyo murugada kuwii dhintay, laakiin sidoo kale rumaysadka guusha, geesinimada, geesinimada dadkeena.

Sanadihii dagaalka ka dib, oo ay la socdaan choreographer L. Lavrovsky, laxamiistaha ayaa ka shaqeeyay ballet Ruby Stars, kuwaas oo intooda badan ay noqdeen qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah boggaga nolosha (1961).

Horumar muhiim ah oo ka mid ah shaqada Balanchivadze waxay ahayd Concerto Saddexaad ee Piano and String Orchestra (1952), oo loogu talagalay dhalinyarada. Halabuurku waa barnaamij dabci ahaan, waxa ay ka buuxaan heeso-socod oo sifo muusiga hormuudka ah. "Concerto-ka Sadexaad ee Piano iyo String Orchestra, Balanchivadze waa ilmo aan caqli-gal ahayn, bash-bash ah, oo aan fiicneyn," ayuu qoray N. Mamisashvili. Riwaayaddan waxaa lagu soo daray riwaayaddii fannaankii caanka ahaa ee Soofiyeedka - L. Oborin, A. Ioheles. Concerto-ka afaraad ee Piano (1968) wuxuu ka kooban yahay 6 qaybood, kaas oo laxamiistaha uu doonayo inuu qabsado sifooyinka dabeecadaha gobollada kala duwan ee Georgia - dabeecadooda, dhaqankooda, noloshooda: 1 saac - "Jvari" (macbadka caanka ah ee qarnigii 2aad Kartli), 3 saacadood - "Tetnuld" (buurta ugu sarreysa ee Svaneti), 4 saacadood - "Salamuri" (nooc heer qaran ah oo biibiile ah), 5 saacadood - "Dila" ( Subaxda, heesaha heesaha Gurian ayaa halkan loo isticmaalaa), 6 saacadood - "Rion Forest" (wuxuu sawiraa dabeecadda quruxda badan ee Imeretin), 2 saacadood - "Tskhratskaro" (Sagaal ilo). Nooca asalka ah, wareeggu wuxuu ka kooban yahay XNUMX qaybood oo dheeraad ah - "Vine" iyo "Chanchkeri" ("Waterfall").

Riwaayadii afraad ee piano waxaa ka horreeyay ballet Mtsyri (1964, oo ku salaysan gabay M. Lermontov). Gabaygan ballet-gabay, oo leh neefta dhabta ah, dhammaan dareenka laxanka ayaa diiradda saaraya sawirka jilitaanka, kaas oo siinaya halabuurka sifooyinka monodrama. Waxay la socotaa sawirka Mtsyra in 3 leitmotifs ay ku xiran yihiin, kuwaas oo ah saldhigga riwaayadaha muusikada ee halabuurka. "Fikradda ah in la qoro ballet ku salaysan shirqoolka Lermontov waxaa dhashay Balanchivadze wakhti dheer ka hor," ayuu qoray A. Shaverzashvili. "Mar hore, wuxuu degay Demon. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qorshahan ayaa ahaa mid aan la fulin. Ugu dambeyntii, doorashadu waxay ku dhacday "Mtsyri" ... "

Baadhitaannada Balanchivadze waxaa fududeeyay imaatinka Midowgii Soofiyeeti ee walaalkii George Balanchine, kaas oo farshaxankiisa farshaxan ee hal-abuurka leh uu furay fursado cusub oo lagu horumarinayo ballet… baadhida Tani waxay go'aamisay masiirka ballet-kiisa cusub."

70-80aadkii oo lagu calaamadeeyay waxqabadka hal-abuurka gaarka ah ee Balanchivadze. Waxa uu abuuray Seddexaad (1978), Afraad ("Forest", 1980) iyo Shanaad ("Dhalinyaro", 1989) heeso heeso ah; Gabay cod-semphonic ah "Obelisks" (1985); opera-ballet "Ganga" (1986); Piano Trio, Concerto shanaad (labadaba 1979) iyo Quintet (1980); Quartet (1983) iyo halabuuro kale oo qalab ah.

"Andrey Balanchivadze waa mid ka mid ah hal-abuurayaasha ka tagay calaamad aan la ilaawi karin oo ku saabsan horumarinta dhaqanka muusikada qaranka. Inta lagu jiro waqtiga, aragtiyo cusub ayaa u furmaya farshaxan kasta hortiisa, waxyaabo badan oo nolosha ah ayaa isbedela. Laakiin dareenka mahadnaqa weyn, ixtiraamka daacadda ah ee Andrei Melitonovich Balanchivadze, muwaadin mabda'a leh iyo abuuraha weyn, ayaa weli nala jira weligeed" (O. Taktakishvili).

N. Aleksenko