Birgit Nilsson |

Birgit Nilsson

Birgit Nilsson waa heesaa opera Swedish ah iyo soprano riwaayado ah. Mid ka mid ah fanaaniinta ugu caansan opera qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii 20aad. Waxay heshay aqoonsi gaar ah sidii turjubaan heersare ah oo muusiga Wagner ah. Markii ay ugu sarraysay shaqadeeda, Nilsson waxa ay la dhacsan tahay awoodda dadaalka la'aanta ah ee codkeeda ee ka awood batay kooxda orchestra, iyo xakamaynta neefta ee cajiibka ah, taas oo u ogolaatay in ay hayso qoraal muddo dheer oo yaab leh. Saaxiibada dhexdooda waxa ay caan ku ahayd dareen ciyaareed oo kaftan iyo dabeecad hoggaamineed.

Marta Birgit Nilsson waxa ay dhalatay May 17, 1918 iyada oo ka dhalatay qoys beeraley ah, yaraanteedii oo dhan waxay ku qaadatay beer ku taal magaalada Vestra Karup, ee gobolka Skane, oo 100 kilomitir u jirta magaalada Malmö. Ma jirin koronto ama biyo socda beerta, sida dhammaan carruurta beeraleyda ah, ilaa yaraanteedii waxay ka caawin jirtay waalidkeed inay maamulaan guriga - beerashada iyo goosashada khudaarta, lo'da caanaha, xanaaneynta xoolaha kale iyo qabashada shaqada guriga ee lagama maarmaanka ah. Waxay ahayd ilmaha keliya ee qoyska, iyo Birgit aabbaheed Nils Peter Swenson ayaa rajaynayay in ay noqon doonto beddelkiisa shaqadan. Birgit waxa ay aad u jeclayd in ay heesato ilaa yaraanteedii, erayadeedana, waxa ay bilowday in ay heeso ka hor inta aanay socon, waxa ay hibodeeda ka dhaxashay hooyadeed Justina Paulson, oo lahayd cod qurux badan, aqoonna u leh sida loo ciyaaro accordion. Dhalashadii afraad, Birgit, shaqaale la soo kiraystay oo ku dhawaad ​​xubin ka ah qoyska Otto, ayaa siisay biyaano ay ku ciyaarto, isaga oo arkay xiisaha ay u qabto muusigga, aabbaheed isla markiiba wuxuu siiyay xubin. Waalidiintu aad bay ugu faani jireen kartida gabadhooda, waxayna inta badan ka heesi jirtay riwaayadaha guriga ee martida, fasaxyada tuulada iyo dugsiga hoose. Iyada oo kuray ah, laga soo bilaabo da'da 14, waxay wax ka qabatay kooxda heesa ee kaniisadda iyo kooxda masraxa hiwaayadda ee magaalada deriska ah ee Bastad. Kantor wuxuu soo jiitay dareenka awoodeeda wuxuuna tusay Birgit macalin heeso iyo muusig oo ka yimid magaalada Astorp Ragnar Blenov, kaasoo isla markiiba aqoonsaday awoodeeda oo yiri: "Marwada yari waxay hubaal noqon doontaa heesaa weyn." Sannadkii 1939-kii, waxay baratay muusigga, wuxuuna kula taliyay inay sii horumariso awooddeeda.

Sannadkii 1941-kii, Birgit Nilsson waxa ay gashay Akademiyada Muusiga ee Boqortooyadda ee Stockholm. Aabuhu wuu ka soo horjeeday doorashadan, wuxuu rajeynayay in Birgit ay sii wadi doonto shaqadiisa oo ay dhaxli doonto dhaqaalahooda xooggan, wuu diiday inuu bixiyo kharashka waxbarashada. Lacagta waxbarashada ayay hooyadu ka qoondaysay kaydkeeda gaarka ah. Nasiib darro, Justina ma aysan suurtagelin in ay si buuxda ugu raaxaysato guusha gabadheeda, 1949-kii waxaa lagu dhuftay baabuur, dhacdadani waxay burburisay Birgit, laakiin waxay xoojisay xiriirka ay la leeyihiin aabaheed.

Sannadkii 1945-kii, iyada oo weli wax ka baranaysa akadeemiyada, Birgit waxay tareen kula kulantay Bertil Niklason, ardayad dhigata kulliyadda caafimaadka xoolaha, isla markiiba way is jeclaadeen, isla markiiba wuu u soo bandhigay, 1948-kii waa ay is guursadeen. Birgit iyo Bertil waxay wada joogeen noloshooda oo dhan. Marmar ayuu ku wehelin jiray safarrada qaar ee adduunka, laakiin marar badan wuu joogi jiray oo guriga ayuu ka shaqayn jiray. Bertil si gaar ah uma xiisayn muusiga, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu had iyo jeer aaminsanaa kartida xaaskiisa wuxuuna ku taageeri jiray Birgit shaqadeeda, sida ay u taageerto shaqadiisa. Birgit waligeed kuma celcelin guriga iyada iyo ninkeeda: "Miisaannadan aan dhammaadka lahayn waxay burburin karaan inta badan guurka, ama ugu yaraan inta badan neerfaha," ayay tidhi. Guriga, waxay heshay nabad oo waxay la wadaagi kartaa fikradaheeda Bertil, way ka mahadcelisay xaqiiqda ah inuu ula dhaqmi jiray sida naag caadi ah, oo aan waligiis saarin "opera diva weyn" meel la dhigo. Carruur ma ay dhalin.

Akadeemiyada Royal, macalimiin codeedka Birgit Nilsson waxay ahaayeen Joseph Hislop iyo Arne Sanegard. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay isku dayday inay is-baray oo waxay tidhi: "Macallimka ugu fiican waa marxaladda." Waxay ka xumaatay waxbarashadeedii hore waxayna u nisbaysay guusheeda hibada dabiiciga ah: "Macallinkeygii ugu horreeyay ee heesa wuxuu ku dhawaaday inuu i dilo, kan labaadna wuxuu ahaa mid aad u xun."

Birgit Nilsson ayaa markii ugu horeysay ee masraxa opera ka dhacay Royal Opera House ee Stockholm 1946, doorka Agatha ee KM Weber ee "Shooter Free", waxaa lagu martiqaaday saddex maalmood ka hor bandhiga si ay u bedesho aktarada xanuunsan. Maamulaha Leo Blech aad ayuu ugu qanci waayay wax qabadkeeda, in muddo ahna laguma aamini jirin doorar kale. Sannadka soo socda (1947) waxay si guul leh u gudubtay bandhigga, waqtigan waxaa jiray waqti ku filan, waxay u diyaarisay si fiican oo qurux badan oo door ah doorka horyaalka ee Verdi's Lady Macbeth oo hoos yimaada batoonka Fritz Busch. Waxay ku guulaysatay aqoonsiga daawadayaasha Iswidhishka, waxayna kasbatay kooxda masraxa. Magaalada Stockholm, waxay abuurtay riwaayad xasiloon oo doorar riwaayado leh, oo ay ku jiraan Donna Anna oo ka socota Mozart's Don Giovanni, Verdi's Aida, Puccini's Tosca, Sieglind oo ka socda Wagner's Valkyrie, Marshall oo ka socota Strauss's The Rosenkavalier iyo kuwa kale, iyaga oo ku jilaya Swedish. luqadda.

Door muhiim ah oo ku saabsan horumarinta xirfadda caalamiga ah ee Birgit Nilsson waxaa ciyaaray Fritz Busch, oo ku soo bandhigay Bandhiga Glyndebourne Opera Festival 1951 sida Elektra oo ka socota Mozart's Idomeneo, Boqorka Crete. Sannadkii 1953-kii, Nilsson waxa ay ka dhigtay ciyaarteedii ugu horreysay ee Opera State Vienna - waxa ay ahayd isbeddel xagga shaqadeeda ah, waxa ay si joogto ah halkaas uga qaban jirtay in ka badan 25 sano. Tan waxaa ku xigtay doorarka Elsa ee Brabant ee Wagner's Lohengrin ee Bandhigga Bayreuth iyo Brunnhildekeedii ugu horreeyay ee wareegga buuxa ee Der Ring des Nibelungen ee Opera State Bavarian. Sannadkii 1957, waxay ka dhigtay ciyaarteedii ugu horreysay ee Covent Garden isla doorkaas.

Mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinka ugu waaweyn ee nolosha hal-abuurka Birgit Nilsson waxay tixgelisaa martiqaadka furitaanka xilli ciyaareedka opera ee La Scala ee 1958, doorka Princess Turandot G. Puccini, wakhtigaas waxay ahayd heesaagii labaad ee aan Talyaani ahayn ee taariikhda ka dib Maria Callas, oo la siiyay mudnaanta furitaanka xilli ciyaareedka ee La Scala. Sannadkii 1959kii, Nilsson waxay ka soo muuqatay Metropolitan Opera iyada oo ah Isolde oo ku taal Wagner's Tristan und Isolde, waxayna ku guulaysatay soprano Norwegian Kirsten Flagstad oo ku taal Wagner's repertoire.

Birgit Nilsson waxay ahayd hormuudka soprano ee Wagnerian ee maalinteeda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay sidoo kale samaysay doorar kale oo badan oo caan ah, guud ahaan riwaayadeeda waxaa ka mid ah in ka badan 25 door. Waxay ku soo bandhigtay ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan guryaha opera-yada waaweyn ee adduunka, oo ay ku jiraan Moscow, Vienna, Berlin, London, New York, Paris, Milan, Chicago, Tokyo, Hamburg, Munich, Florence, Buenos Aires iyo kuwa kale. Sida dhammaan fanaaniinta opera-ga, marka lagu daro bandhigyada masraxa, Birgit Nilsson waxay bixisay riwaayado kali ah. Mid ka mid ah bandhigyada riwaayadaha ee ugu caansan Birgit Nilsson waxay ahayd riwaayaddii Sydney Symphony Orchestra ee uu sameeyay Charles Mackeras oo leh barnaamijka "All Wagner". Tani waxay ahayd riwaayadii ugu horeysay ee si rasmi ah loo furo ee Sydney Opera House Concert Hall sanadkii 1973 iyadoo ay goobjoog ka ahayd Queen Elizabeth II.

Xirfadda Birgit Nilsson waxay ahayd mid aad u dheer, waxay samaysay adduunka oo dhan ku dhawaad ​​afartan sano. Sanadkii 1982, Birgit Nilsson waxay ka soo muuqatay masraxa opera ee Frankfurt am Main iyada oo ah Elektra. Sagootin qaali ah oo masraxa ah ayaa waxaa la qorsheeyay opera "Haweeney aan hadh lahayn" oo uu sameeyay R. Strauss ee Opera State Vienna, si kastaba ha ahaatee, Birgit ayaa kansashay waxqabadka. Haddaba, bandhiga Frankfurt wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay masraxa opera-ga. Sannadkii 1984-kii, waxay safarkeedii ugu dambeeyay ee riwaayad ku samaysay Jarmalka oo ay ugu dambayntii ka tagtay muusig weyn. Birgit Nilsson waxay ku soo noqotay dalkeeda hooyo waxayna sii waday qabashada riwaayadaha samafalka, oo ay ku jiraan fannaaniin da'yar, oo loogu talagalay bulshada muusikada maxalliga ah, taas oo bilaabatay 1955 waxayna caan ku noqotay dad badan oo jecel opera. Waxay qabatay riwaayadeedii ugu dambaysay ee madadaalada ah 2001dii.

Birgit Nilsson waxay ku noolayd nolol dheer oo dhacdo leh. Waxay si nabad ah ugu geeriyootay gurigeeda December 25, 2005, iyadoo jirta 87 jir.

Mudnaanta Birgit Nilsson waxaa abaalmarinno dowladeed iyo dadweyne badan ka helay dalal kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan Sweden, Denmark, France, Germany, Austria, Norway, USA, England, Spain iyo kuwa kale. Waxay xubin sharafeed ka ahayd dhowr akadeemiyada muusiga iyo bulshooyinka. Iswiidhan waxay qorsheyneysaa inay bixiso 2014-krona lacag ah 500 oo leh sawirka Birgit Nilsson.

Birgit Nilsson waxay abaabushay sanduuq lagu taageerayo fannaaniinta da'da yar ee Swedishka ah waxayna u magacawday deeq waxbarasho oo ka timid sanduuqa. Deeqdii ugu horreysay waxaa la bixiyay 1973 waxayna sii socotaa in la bixiyo si joogto ah ilaa hadda. Isla aasaaska ayaa abaabulay "Birgit Nilsson Award", oo loogu talagalay qofka ku guuleystay, dareen ballaadhan, wax aan caadi ahayn oo ku saabsan adduunka opera. Abaalmarintan waxaa la bixiyaa 2-3 sano kasta, waa hal milyan oo doolar waana abaalmarinta ugu weyn ee muusikada. Sida laga soo xigtay dardaaranka Birgit Nilsson, abaalmarinta ayaa bilaabay in la bixiyo saddex sano ka dib dhimashadeeda, iyadu waxay dooratay milkiilaha ugu horreeya lafteeda, oo wuxuu noqday Placido Domingo, heesaa weyn iyo lammaaneheeda ee masraxa opera, kuwaas oo helay abaalmarinta 2009 ka gacanta Boqor Charles XVI ee Iswiidhan. Kii labaad ee abaal-marintan helay sannadkii 2011kii waxa uu ahaa daareeyaha Riccardo Muti.