Erich Leinsdorf |

Erich Leinsdorf

Leinsdorf waxa uu ka yimid Austria. Vienna, wuxuu bartay muusikada - marka hore iyada oo ay hogaaminayso hooyadiis, ka dibna Akademiyada Muusikada (1931-1933); Waxa uu waxbarashadiisa ku dhammaystay Salzburg, halkaas oo uu caawiye u ahaa Bruno Walter iyo Arturo Toscanini muddo afar sano ah. In kasta oo waxaas oo dhan ay jirto, magaca Leinsdorf wuxuu caan ku noqday Yurub kaliya bartamihii lixdameeyadii, markii uu hogaaminayay Orchestra Symphony Boston waxaana loogu yeeray dhaleeceeyayaasha iyo daabacayaasha Mareykanka “muusikiiste 1963”.

Inta u dhaxaysa sannadaha daraasadda iyo guusha aqoonsiga adduunku waxay ku jirtaa shaqo dheer oo uu hayo Leinsdorf, oo ah dhaqdhaqaaq aan la fahmi karin laakiin joogto ah. Waxa lagu casuumay America hindisaha fanaanada caanka ah Lotta Lehman, kuwaas oo isaga la soo shaqeeyay Salzburg, oo ku hadhay dalka this. Tallaabooyinka ugu horreeya waxay ahaayeen kuwo rajo leh - Leinsdorf wuxuu sameeyay kulankiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee New York Janaayo 1938, isagoo qabtay Valkyrie. Intaa ka dib, New York Times naqdiye Noel Strauss ayaa qoray: "In kasta oo uu 26 sano jirsaday, maareeyaha cusub wuxuu ku hogaamiyay orkestra gacan kalsooni leh, guud ahaan, wuxuu sameeyay aragti wanaagsan. In kasta oo aanay jirin wax la yaab leh shaqadiisa, haddana waxa uu muujiyay muusik adag, tayadiisana wax badan ayay ballan-qaadaysaa.

Qiyaastii laba sano ka dib, dhimashadii Bodanzky ka dib, Leinsdorf wuxuu noqday, dhab ahaantii, hogaamiyaha ugu sarreeya ee wargeyska Jarmalka ee Opera Metropolitan wuxuuna halkaas ku sugnaa ilaa 1943. Markii hore, farshaxanno badan ayaa ku aqbalay cadaawad: qaabkiisa ayaa sidoo kale ahaa mid aad u adag. kala duwanaansho, rabitaankiisa ah in si adag loogu hoggaansamo qoraalka qoraaga ee leh caadooyinka Bodanzka, kaas oo u oggolaaday leexin weyn oo ka soo jeeda caadooyinka waxqabadka, dedejinta xawaaraha iyo gooynta. Laakiin si tartiib tartiib ah Leindorf waxa u suurtagashay in uu ku guuleysto sharafta iyo ixtiraamka orkestra iyo soloists. Durba wakhtigaas, dhaleeceeyayaal caqli badan, iyo dhammaanba D. Yuen, ayaa u saadaaliyay mustaqbal ifaya isaga, isaga oo helaya kartida iyo qaabka farshaxanka wax badan oo ay wadaagaan macalinkiisii ​​​​weyn; Qaar ka mid ah xitaa waxay ugu yeereen "Toscanini da'da yar".

Sannadkii 1943-kii, kirishbooygii ayaa lagu casuumay inuu hago kooxda Cleveland Orchestra, laakiin ma uusan helin waqti uu ku barto halkaas, maadaama loo qoray ciidanka, halkaas oo uu u shaqeeyay sanad iyo badh. Intaa ka dib, wuxuu degay muddo siddeed sano ah isagoo ah madaxa kirishbooyada ee Rochester, isagoo si joogto ah u socdaalaya magaalooyin kala duwan oo Mareykanka ah. Ka dib in muddo ah waxa uu madax ka ahaa New York City Opera, waxa uu bandhigyo ka sameeyay Metropolitan Opera. Dhammaan sumcadiisa adag, in yar ayaa saadaaliyay kor u kaca saadaasha hawada ee xiga. Laakiin ka dib markii Charles Munsch uu ku dhawaaqay inuu ka tagayo Orchestra Boston, agaasinka ayaa go'aansaday inuu martiqaado Leinsdorf, kaas oo kooxdan ay hore u soo bandhigtay hal mar. Iyaduna kumay qaldamin - sannadihii xigay ee shaqada Leinsdorf ee Boston waxay hodmisay wadaha iyo kooxda labadaba. Under Leinsdorf, orkestra waxay balaadhisay riwaayadeeda, oo inta badan ku xaddidnayd Münsche ilaa muusig Faransiis ah iyo qaybo qadiimi ah. Anshaxa ku dayashada mudan ee kooxda orkestra ayaa koray. Leinsdorf's socdaalo badan oo Yurub ah sannadihii la soo dhaafay, oo ay ku jiraan bandhigyadii Prague Spring ee 1966, ayaa xaqiijiyay in kirishbooyuhu uu hadda marayo heerkii ugu sarreeyay xirfaddiisa.

Sawirka hal-abuurka Leinsdorf wuxuu si isku mid ah isugu daray sifooyinka ugu fiican ee dugsiga jacaylka Viennese, kaas oo uu ka bartay Bruno Walter, baaxadda ballaadhan iyo awoodda uu kula shaqeeyo orchestra ee riwaayadaha iyo masraxa, kaas oo Toscanini u gudbiyay isaga, iyo ugu dambeyntii, waayo-aragnimada. helay sanadaha shaqada ee USA. Marka la eego ballaadhka dareenka dib-u-celinta fannaanku, tan waxa lagu qiimayn karaa duubistiisa. Waxaa ka mid ah operas badan iyo muusik simphonic ah. Kuwa ugu horreeya ee u qalma in loo magacaabo "Don Giovanni" iyo "Guurka Figaro" ee Mozart, "Cio-Cio-san", "Tosca", "Turandot", "La Boheme" ee Puccini, "Lucia di Lammermoor" Donizetti, "Timojaraha Seville" ee Rossini , "Macbeth" ee Verdi, "Valkyrie" ee Wagner, "Ariadne auf Naxos" ee Strauss ... Liis dhab ah oo cajiib ah! Muusigga Symphonic ma aha mid hodan ah oo kala duwan: Diiwaanada uu duubay Leinsdorf, waxaan ka heleynaa Mahler's First and Fifth Symphonies, Beethoven's iyo Brahms' Saddexaad, Prokofiev's Fifth, Mozart's Jupiter, Mendelssohn's A Midsummer Night's Dream, A Hero's Life Richard Strapsss Berg's Wozzeck. Waxaana ka mid ah riwaayadaha qalabka ee uu duubay Leinsdorf oo kaashanaya sayidyada waaweyn waxa ka mid ah Riwaayadii Piano ee Labaad ee Brahms iyo Richter.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969