Gaspare Spontini (Gaspare Spontini) |

Gaspare Spontini

Spontini. "Vestal" "O nume tutelar" (Maria Callas)

Gaspare Spontini waxa uu ku dhashay Maiolati, Ancona. Wuxuu wax ku bartay Pieta dei Turchini Conservatory ee Naples. Macalimiintiisa waxaa ka mid ahaa N. Piccinni. Sannadkii 1796-kii, waxaa magaalada Rome ka dhacay bandhiggii ugu horreeyay ee hal-abuurkii, Caprices of a Woman. Ka dib, Spontini wuxuu sameeyay ilaa 20 operas. Noloshiisa inteeda badan waxa uu ku noolaa Faransiiska (1803-1820 iyo ka dib 1842) iyo Jarmalka (1820-1842).

Inta lagu jiro xilliga Faransiiska (ugu weyn) ee noloshiisa iyo shaqada, wuxuu qoray shaqadiisa ugu muhiimsan: operas Vestalka (1807), Fernand Cortes (1809) iyo Olympia (1819). Habka laxamiistaha waxaa lagu kala soocaa pomposity, pathos iyo miisaanka, kuwaas oo si aad ah ula socda ruuxa Napoleon France, halkaas oo uu ku riyaaqay guul weyn (xitaa wuxuu ahaa muusigga maxkamada ee Empress in muddo ah). Shaqada Spontini waxaa lagu gartaa sifooyinka kala guurka caadooyinka Gluck ee qarnigii 18aad ilaa "weyn" Faransiis qarnigii 19-aad (qofka wakiillada ugu fiican Aubert, Meyerbeer). Fanka Spontini waxa u mahad naqay Wagner, Berlioz iyo fannaaniinta kale ee waaweyn ee qarnigii 19-aad.

Vestal, shaqadiisa ugu fiican, laxamiistaha ayaa awooday in uu ku guuleysto muujinta weyn ma aha oo kaliya goobaha dadku ku badan yihiin oo ay ka buuxaan socod iyo geesinimo, laakiin sidoo kale muuqaallo heeso ah. Waxa uu si gaar ah ugu guuleystay doorka ugu weyn ee Julia (ama Julia). Ammaanta "Vestal" waxay si dhakhso ah uga gudubtay xudduudaha Faransiiska. 1811-kii waxaa lagu sameeyay Berlin. Isla sanadkaas, bandhiga hordhaca ah ayaa lagu qabtay magaalada Naples ee talyaaniga iyadoo guulo waa weyn laga gaaray (Aktarada Isabella Colbran). Sanadkii 1814-kii, bandhiga Ruushka wuxuu ka dhacay St. Petersburg (doorka ugu muhiimsan, Elizaveta Sandunova). Qarnigii 20-aad, Rosa Poncelle (1925, Metropolitan), Maria Callas (1957, La Scala), Leila Gencher (1969, Palermo) iyo kuwo kale ayaa u iftiimiyay doorka Julia. Yulia's aria ee ficilka 2aad ayaa iska leh farshaxanada opera classics "Tu che invoco" iyo "O Nume tutelar" (nooca talyaaniga).

1820-1842 Spontini wuxuu ku noolaa magaalada Berlin, halkaas oo uu ahaa muusikiiste maxkamadeed iyo madaxii Opera Royal. Inta lagu jiro muddadan, laxamiistaha shaqadiisu hoos bay u dhacday. Mar dambe ma uusan awoodin inuu abuuro wax la mid ah shaqadiisii ​​​​ugu wacnayd ee xilligii Faransiiska.

E. Tsodokov

Gaspape Luigi Pacifico Spontini (XI 14, 1774, Maiolati-Spontini, Prov. Ancona - 24 I 1851, ibid) - laxamiistaha Talyaani. Xubin ka tirsan Prussian (1833) iyo Parisian (1839) akadeemiyada farshaxanka. Ka yimi beeralayda. Waxa uu waxbarashadiisii ​​hore ee muusiga ku qaatay Jesi, waxa uu wax ku bartay urur-yaqaannada J. Menghini iyo V. Chuffalotti. Waxa uu wax ku bartay Pieta dei Turchini Conservatory ee Naples N. Sala iyo J. Tritto; ka dib, in muddo ah, wuxuu qaatay casharro N. Piccinni.

Waxa uu sameeyay kulankiisii ​​ugu horeeyay 1796 isaga oo wata masraxa majaajilada ah The Caprices of a Woman (Li puntigli delle donne, Pallacorda Theatre, Rome). Waxa loo sameeyay operas badan (buffa iyo seria) Rome, Naples, Florence, Venice. Isagoo hogaaminaya kaniisadda maxkamada Neapolitan, 1798-99 wuxuu ku sugnaa Palermo. Isagoo la xidhiidha soo bandhigista riwaayaddiisa, waxa uu sidoo kale booqday magaalooyinka kale ee Talyaaniga.

1803-20 wuxuu ku noolaa Paris. Laga soo bilaabo 1805 wuxuu ahaa "laxamiista guriga ee Empress", laga bilaabo 1810 agaasimaha "Theatre of the Empress", ka dib - laxamiistaha maxkamadda ee Louis XVIII (oo la siiyay Amarka Legion of Honor). Magaalada Paris, wuxuu abuuray oo dhigay riwaayado badan, oo ay ku jiraan The Vestal Virgin (1805; Best Opera of the Decade Award, 1810), kaas oo ay ka heleen muujinta qaabka Boqortooyada ee marxaladda opera. Cajiib, geesinimo-geesinimo leh, oo ay ka buuxaan socod-socod, operass Spontini waxay u dhigmaan ruuxa boqortooyadii Faransiiska. Laga soo bilaabo 1820-kii wuxuu ahaa laxamiistaha maxkamadda iyo agaasimaha guud ee muusiga ee Berlin, halkaas oo uu ku sameeyay tiro riwaayado cusub ah.

Sanadkii 1842, sababtoo ah iskahorimaadka dadweynaha opera (Spontini ma fahmin isbeddelka cusub ee qaranka ee opera Jarmalka, oo ay matalaan shaqada KM Weber), Spontini wuxuu u baxay Paris. Dhammaadkii noloshiisii ​​wuxuu ku laabtay waddankiisii. Qoraallada Spontini, oo la abuuray ka dib markii uu joogay Paris, ayaa ka marag kacay qaar ka mid ah daciifinta fekerkiisa hal-abuurka ah: wuxuu ku celiyay naftiisa, ma helin fikrado asal ah. Ugu horreyntii, opera "Bestalka", oo waddada u xaartay fannaankii weynaa ee qarnigii 19-aad, wuxuu leeyahay qiimo taariikhi ah. Spontini ayaa saameyn muuqata ku yeeshay shaqada J. Meyerbeer.

Halabuurka:

riwaayado (ilaa 20 dhibcood ayaa la xafiday), oo ay ku jiraan. Waxaa aqoonsaday Theseus (1898, Florence), Julia, ama Dheriga ubaxa (1805, Opera Comic, Paris), Vestal (1805, post. 1807, Imperial Academy of Music, Berlin), Fernand Cortes, ama Conquest of Mexico (1809) . cantatas, tiro iyo in ka badan

TH Solovieva