Giovanni Paisiello |

Giovanni Paisiello

G. Paisiello waxaa iska leh halabuurayaasha Talyaaniga ah kuwaas oo kartidooda si cad loogu muujiyey nooca opera-buffa. Iyadoo shaqada Paisiello iyo asxaabtiisa - B. Galuppi, N. Piccinni, D. Cimarosa - muddada ubaxa quruxda badan ee noocaan ee qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii 1754aad ayaa ku xiran. Waxbarashada aasaasiga ah iyo xirfadihii muusiga ee ugu horreeyay Paisiello wuxuu ka helay kulliyadda Jesuits. Inta badan noloshiisa waxaa lagu qaatay Naples, halkaas oo uu wax ku bartay San Onofrio Conservatory F. Durante, oo ah muusigga caanka ah ee caanka ah, lataliyaha G. Pergolesi iyo Piccinni (63-XNUMX).

Isagoo helay darajada kaaliyaha macalinka, Paisiello wuxuu wax ku baray konserfatifka, wuxuuna waqtigiisa firaaqada u huray inuu curiyo. Dhammaadkii 1760-kii. Paisiello waa laxamiistaha ugu caansan Talyaaniga; operas-kiisa (badanaa buffa) ayaa si guul leh loogu soo bandhigay tiyaatarada Milan, Rome, Venice, Bologna, iwm.

Haddaba, qoraaga caanka ah ee Ingiriisida muusiga C. Burney (qoraaga caanka ah ee "Socdaalka Muusiga") ayaa aad uga hadlay opera buffa "Intrigues of Love" ee laga maqlay Naples: “… Aad ayaan u jeclaa muusigga; Dab iyo fantasyo baa ka buuxay, ritornellos-tu waxay ku bateen tuducyo cusub, iyo qaybaha codka oo leh laxan aad u qurux badan oo fudud kuwaas oo lagugu xasuusto oo la sii qaado dhegeysiga koowaad ka dib ama lagu soo bandhigi karo goobta guriga by orkester yar iyo xataa, haddii uu maqan yahay qalab kale, oo kataaraduhu ".

Sanadkii 1776, Paisiello wuxuu aaday St. (Dhaqanka martiqaadka laxamiistaha Talyaanigu waxay muddo dheer ka dhisnayd maxkamadda Imperial; kuwii ka horreeyay Paisiello ee St. Petersburg waxay ahaayeen maestro-ga caanka ah ee B. Galuppi iyo T. Traetta. (10), tarjumaad cusub oo ku saabsan goobta, nus qarni dib loo isticmaalo opera caanka ah ee Pergolesi - awoowaha nooca buffa; iyo sidoo kale The Barber of Seville oo ku salaysan majaajilada P. Beaumarchais (1781), kaas oo ku riyaaqay guul weyn dadweynaha Yurub dhowr iyo toban sano. (Markii G. Rossini da'dii yaraa ee 1782 mar labaad u soo jeestay mawduucan, qaar badan ayaa u tixgeliyey inay tahay geesinimada ugu weyn.)

operas Paisiello ayaa lagu soo bandhigay labadaba maxkamada iyo masraxyada si loogu talagalay dhagaystayaal dimoqraadi ah - Bolshoi (Dhagaxa) ee Kolomna, Maly (Volny) ee Tsaritsyn Meadow (hadda Field of Mars). Waajibaadka laxamiistaha maxkamadda ayaa sidoo kale ka mid ahaa abuurista muusigga qalabka ee xafladaha maxkamadda iyo riwaayadaha: hidaha hal-abuurka ee Paisiello waxaa jira 24 nooc oo kala duwan oo loogu talagalay qalabka dabaysha (qaar ayaa leh magacyo barnaamij - "Diana", "Duhur", "Qorrax dhac", iwm.), xabbado clavier ah, qolalka isku-dhafka ah. Riwaayadaha diinta ee St. Petersburg, Paisiello's oratorio The Passion of Christ (1783) ayaa lagu qabtay.

Ku soo laabashada Talyaaniga (1784), Paisiello wuxuu helay boos laxamiistaha iyo muusigga ee maxkamadda Boqorka Naples. Sannadkii 1799-kii, markii ciidamada Napoleon, oo ay taageerayaan Talyaanigii kacaanka, ay afgembiyeen boqortooyadii Bourbon ee Naples, kuna dhawaaqay Jamhuuriyaddii Parthenopean, Paisiello wuxuu qabtay jagada agaasimaha muusikada qaranka. Laakiin lix bilood ka dib, curiyaha ayaa laga qaaday jagadiisii. (Jamhuuriyadii ayaa dhacday, boqorku wuxuu ku soo laabtay awoodda, macalinka kooxda ayaa lagu eedeeyay khiyaano qaran - halkii uu ka raaci lahaa boqorka Sicily intii lagu jiray qalalaasaha, wuxuu u gudbay dhinaca mucaaradka.)

Dhanka kale, martiqaad soo jiidasho leh ayaa ka yimid Paris - si uu u hoggaamiyo kaniisadda maxkamadda Napoleon. 1802 Paisiello wuxuu yimid Paris. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, joogitaankiisa Faransiiska ma ahayn mid dheer. Si taxadar la'aan ah oo ay heleen dadweynaha Faransiiska (opera seria Proserpina oo ku qoran Paris iyo dhex-dhexaadiyaha Camillette kuma guuleysan), wuxuu ku noqday waddankiisii ​​​​hore 1803. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, laxamiistaha wuxuu ku noolaa meel gooni ah, kalinimo, isaga oo la xiriiraya kaliya asxaabta ugu dhow.

In ka badan afartan sano ee xirfadda Paisiello waxaa ka buuxsamay waxqabadyo aad u daran oo kala duwan - wuxuu ka tagay in ka badan 100 operas, oratorios, cantatas, mass, shaqooyin badan oo orchestra ah (tusaale, 12 symphonies - 1784) iyo qolalka qolalka. Master-ka ugu weyn ee opera-buffa, Paisiello wuxuu kor u qaaday noocaan marxalad cusub oo horumarineed, wuxuu kobciyay farsamooyinka majaajilada (badanaa leh qayb ka mid ah satire fiiqan) astaamaha muusikada ee jilayaasha, waxay xoojisay doorka orchestra.

Hawlgallada dambe waxaa lagu kala soocaa qaabab kala duwan oo isku dhafan - laga bilaabo "duets ogolaanshaha" ugu fudud ilaa finalka weyn, taas oo muusikadu ay ka tarjumayso dhammaan isbeddellada ugu adag ee ficilka masraxa. Xorriyadda doorashada goobaha iyo ilaha suugaanta ayaa ka sooca shaqada Paisiello iyo qaar badan oo ka mid ah asxaabtiisa kuwaas oo ka shaqeeyay nooca buffa. Sidaas darteed, ee caanka ah "Miller" (1788-89) - mid ka mid ah majaajilada ugu fiican ee qarnigii XVIII ah. - Astaamaha xoola-dhaqatada, idylls waxay ku dhex-jiraan hadal-xirid iyo sariir. (Mawduucyada opera-kan waxay aasaas u yihiin kala duwanaanshaha biyaano ee L. Beethoven Macallinka aan la dhaafin ee sifooyinka parodic, Paisiello ma iska indhatirin xitaa Gluck's Orpheus (heerarka buffa The Deceived Tree iyo The Imaginary Socrates). Halabuuraha waxa kale oo soo jiitay maadooyin bariga qalaad oo wakhtigaas moodi jiray ("Carab edeb", "Idol Shiine"), iyo "Nina, or Mad with Love" waxay leedahay dabeecadda riwaayad caadifad leh. Mabaadi'da hal-abuurka ah ee Paisiello waxaa si weyn u aqbalay WA Mozart waxayna saameyn xooggan ku yeesheen G. Rossini. Sannadkii 1868, mar horeba sannadihiisii ​​hoos u dhacay, qoraaga caanka ah ee Barber of Seville wuxuu qoray: "Tiyaatarka Paris, Paisiello's The Barber ayaa mar la soo bandhigay: luul ah heeso aan farshaxan lahayn iyo masraxiyad. Waxay ahayd guul weyn oo mudan in la gaadho.”

I. Okhalova

Halabuurka:

riwaayado - Chatterbox (Il сiarlone 1764, Bologna), sanam Chinese ah (L'idolo cinese, 1766, post. 1767, tr "Nuovo", Naples), Don Quixote (Don Chisciotte della Mancia, 1769, tr "Fiorentini" , Naples), Artaxerxes (1771, Modena), Alexander ee Hindiya (Alessandro nelle Indie, 1773, ibid.), Andromeda (1774, Milan), Demophon (1775, Venice), Imaginary Socrates (Socrate immaginario, 1775, Naples), Nitteti (1777), St. Petersburg), Achilles oo ku taal Skyros (Achille oo ku taal Sciro, 1778, ibid.), Alcides ee isgoyska (Alcide al bivio, 1780, ibid.), Marwada (La serva padrona, 1781, Tsarskoye Selo), Seville timo jaraha. , ama taxaddar aan waxtar lahayn (Il barbiere di Siviglia ovvero La precauzione inutile, 1782, St. Petersburg), Lunar world (Il mondo della luna, 1783, Kamenny tr, St. Petersburg), King Theodore ee Venice (Il re Teodoro ee Venezia, 1784, Vienna), Antigonus (Antigono, 1785, Naples), Trophonia's Cave (La grotta di Trofonio, 1785, ibid.), Phaedra (1788, ibid.), Haweenay Miller (La molinara, 1789, ibid., ed asal ah. - Jacayloo leh caqabado yami, ama Gabadha Milleriga ah ee Yar, L'arnor contrastato o sia La molinara, 1788), Gypsies at the Fair (I zingari in fiera, 1789, ibid.), Nina, ama Mad with Love (Nina o sia La pazza). per amore, 1789, Caserta), Dayacan Dido (Di-done abbandonata, 1794, Naples), Andromache (1797, ibid.), Proserpina (1803, Paris), Pythagoreans (I pittagorici, 1808, Naples) iyo kuwa kale; oratorios, cantatas, masses, Te Deum; Orchestra - 12 symphonies (12 sinfonie concertante, 1784) iyo kuwa kale; qalabaynta qolka, в т.ч. посв. великой кн. Марии Фёдоровне Ururinta Rondeau kala duwan iyo capriccios oo ay weheliso Violin ee b. fte, oo si cad uga kooban SAI The Grand Duchess ee dhammaan Ruushka, и др.