Iswaafajinta |

Is-waafajintu waa hal-abuurka is-waafajinta laxan kasta, iyo sidoo kale wehelka is-waafajinta laftiisa. Laxan isku mid ah ayaa siyaabo kala duwan loo waafajin karaa; iswaafajin kasta, sida ay tahay, waxa uu siinayaa tafsiir kala duwan Si kastaba ha ahaatee, walxaha ugu muhiimsan (qaabka guud, hawlaha, habaynta, iwm.) ee is-waafajinta dabiiciga ah ee ugu dabiiciga ah waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa qaabka iyo qaab-dhismeedka gudaha ee laxan laftiisa.

Xallinta mashaakilaadka is-waafajinta laxanku waa habka ugu muhiimsan ee barashada wada noolaanshaha. Is waafajinta laxanka qof kale waxay sidoo kale noqon kartaa hawl farshaxan. Muhiimadda gaarka ah waa is-waafajinta heesaha hiddaha ah, taas oo ay hore uga hadleen J. Haydn iyo L. Beethoven. Waxa kale oo si weyn loogu isticmaali jiray muusiga Ruushka; Tusaalooyinka cajiibka ah waxaa abuuray halabuurayaal Ruush ah (MA Balakirev, MP Mussorgsky, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, AK Lyadov, iyo kuwa kale). Waxay u qaateen is-waafajinta heesaha dhaqanka ee Ruushka mid ka mid ah siyaabaha loo sameeyo luqad wada-dhammaaneed. Nidaamyo badan oo heeso dad ah oo Ruush ah, oo ay sameeyeen halabuurayaal Ruush ah, ayaa lagu soo ururiyay ururin kala duwan; Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay sidoo kale laga helaa halabuuradooda (operas, shuqullada symphonic, muusikada qolka).

Qaar ka mid ah heesaha caanka ah ee Ruushka ayaa si isdaba joog ah u helay tafsiiro kala duwan oo iswaafaqsan oo u dhigma qaabka mid kasta oo ka mid ah halabuurayaasha iyo hawlaha faneed ee gaarka ah ee uu isagu u dejiyay:

HA Rimsky-Korsakov. Boqol heesood oo Ruush ah. No 11, "Ilmo ayaa soo baxay."

Xildhibaan Mussorgsky. "Khovanshchina". Heestii Marfa ee "Ilmihii baa soo baxay."

Fiiro gaar ah ayaa la siiyay is-waafajinta heesaha dadweynaha iyada oo la raacayo tirooyinka muusikada ee dadyowga kale ee Ruushka (NV Lysenko ee Ukraine, Komitas ee Armenia). Halabuurayaal badan oo ajnabi ah ayaa sidoo kale u jeestay is-waafajinta heesaha dadweynaha (L. Janacek ee Czechoslovakia, B. Bartok ee Hungary, K. Szymanowski ee Poland, M. de Falla ee Spain, Vaughan Williams ee England, iyo kuwa kale).

Iswaafajinta muusikada dadweynaha ayaa soo jiidatay dareenka halabuurayaasha Soofiyeedka (SS Prokofiev, DD Shostakovich, AV Aleksandrov ee RSFSR, LN Revutsky ee Ukraine, AL Stepanyan ee Armenia, iwm.) . Is-waafajintu waxay sidoo kale door muhiim ah ka ciyaartaa qoraallo iyo qoraallo kala duwan.

Tixraacyo: Kastalsky A., Aasaaska polyphony-ga dadweynaha, M.-L., 1948; Taariikhda Muusikada Soofiyeedka Ruushka, vol. 2, M., 1959, b. 83-110, aayadda 3, M., 1959, b. 75-99, aayadda 4, qaybta 1, M., 1963, b. 88-107; Evseev S., Polyphony folk Ruush, M., 1960, Dubovsky I., Qaababka ugu fudud ee heesaha-heesaha Ruushka ee laba-saddex-cod bakhaar, M., 1964. Eeg sidoo kale shidan. hoos qodobka Harmony.

Yu. G. Kon