Jochen Kowalski |
Jochen Kowalski
Farshaxanka countertenor-ka, kaas oo qarniyadii hore loo isticmaali jiray oo keliya heesaha kaniisadda, hadda waa waqtigiisii fiicnaa. Dhammaantood waxay ku bilowdeen xaqiiqda ah in Benjamin Britten uu abuuray doorka koowaad ee taariikhda muusiga casriga ah gaar ahaan codkan - waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah Oberon ee opera A Midsummer Night's Dream. Si kastaba ha noqotee, moodada dhan-koob ee loogu talagalay countertenors-ka ayaa horumariyay wax yar ka dib, iyadoo faafitaanka dhabta ah ee waxqabadka muusigii hore (ugu horreyntii baroque). Waxaa mar sameeyay castrati. Laakiin qarnigii 20-aad, waxashnimadan oo kale sida tuurista waxay noqotay wax aan macquul ahayn, iyo kuwa wax iska caabiyaa ayaa baahi loo qabay awooddooda cusub. Waxay ahaayeen kuwa bilaabay inay ku heesaan muusikada Monteverdi iyo Handel, Cavalli iyo Gluck meel kasta. Iyo, in kasta oo sifooyinka codka castrato iyo countertenor aysan si fiican isku mid ahayn, si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani ma dhibayso kuwa raacsan xaqiiqooyinka. Meel kale oo ka mid ah countertenors waa beddelka mezzo-soprano iyo contralto ee doorarka khiyaanada.
Waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah fayraska Fyodor ee Boris Godunov in Jarmal Johan Kowalski (b. 1983) uu sameeyay kulankiisii ugu horreeyay 1954-kii masraxa Komische Oper. Heesaagan ayaa caan ka noqday adduunka ka dib soo saarista caanka ah ee Gluck's "Orpheus" ee isla masraxa, oo uu fuliyay Harry Kupfer bishii Diseembar 1987 oo lagu beegay sannad-guuradii 200-aad ee dhimashada halabuurkii weynaa. Sannadkii 1989kii, waxqabadkan waxa loo raray marxaladda Covent Garden.
Kowalski sidoo kale waa jilaa aan la dhaafin oo ka mid ah qaybta Prince Orlovsky ee fiidmeerta. Waxay noqotay kulankiisii ugu horeysay ee Metropolitan (1995), wuxuu si isdaba joog ah ugu heesay Opera Vienna (1991-1994) iyo tiyaataro kale. Sanadkii 1993dii, xafladda Salzburg, Kowalski wuxuu ka qaybqaatay wax soo saarka quruxda badan ee Monteverdi's The Coronation of Poppea ee Jurgen Flimm iyo Nikolaus Harnoncourt (Ottone). Doorarka kale waxaa ka mid ah Julius Caesar oo ku jira opera Handel ee isla magaca ah (1993, Schwetzingen; 1998, Berlin, iwm.). Repertoire countertenor's sidoo kale waxaa ka mid ah Handel's operas Giustino iyo Alcina, Mozart's Mithridates, King of Pontus.
