Joan Sutherland |
Joan Sutherland
Codka la yaabka leh ee Sutherland, oo isku daraya xirfada coloratura iyo qaninimo cajiib ah, qaninimada midabada timbre ee leh hufnaanta codka hogaaminta, ayaa soo jiitay dadka jecel iyo khubarada fanka codka sanado badan. Afartan sano ayaa ku dhammaatay xirfadeeda masraxa oo guul leh. Fannaaniin aad u tiro yar ayaa lahaan jiray nooc aad u ballaaran iyo palette qaabeysan. Waxay dareentay si isku mid ah xasillooni ma aha oo kaliya talyaaniga iyo Austro-Jarmal, laakiin sidoo kale Faransiiska. Laga soo bilaabo horraantii 60-meeyadii, Sutherland waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah heesaha ugu weyn waqtigeenna. Maqaallada iyo dib u eegista, iyada waxaa inta badan loo tixraacaa ereyga talyaaniga ee xiisaha leh ee La Stupenda ("Cajiib").
Joan Sutherland waxay ku dhalatay magaalada Sydney ee Australia November 7, 1926. Hooyada fanaanada mustaqbalka waxay lahayd mezzo-soprano aad u fiican, inkasta oo aysan noqonin heesaa sababtoo ah iska caabinta waalidkeed. Ku dayashada hooyadeed, gabadhu waxay samaysay codadka Manuel Garcia iyo Matilda Marchesi.
Kulanka lala yeeshay macallimaddii codka ee Sydney Aida Dickens wuxuu ahaa mid go'aan u leh Joan. Waxay gabadha ka heshay soprano riwaayadeed dhab ah. Taas ka hor, Joan waxay ku qanacsan tahay in ay haysato mezzo-soprano.
Sutherland waxay waxbarashadeeda xirfadeed ku qaadatay Xarunta Sydney Conservatory. Iyadoo weli arday ah, Joan waxay bilawday waxqabadkeeda riwaayadeed, iyada oo u safartay magaalooyin badan oo dalka ah. Waxay inta badan wehelin jirtay pianist Richard Boning. Yaa u maleyn lahaa in tani ay tahay bilawga hal-abuurka hal-abuurka ah ee caan ka noqday dalal badan oo adduunka ah.
Markay kow iyo labaatan jir tahay, Sutherland waxay ku heesi jirtay qaybteedii ugu horaysay ee hawleed, Dido oo ku taal Purcell's Dido iyo Aeneas, xaflad ka dhacday hoolka magaalada Sydney. Labada sano ee soo socota, Joan waxay sii wadaa inay bandhigto riwaayadaha. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay ka qaybqaadataa dhammaan tartamada heesaha Australia waxayna qaadataa kaalinta koowaad labada jeer. Masraxa opera-ka, Sutherland waxay sameysay ciyaarteedii ugu horreysay 1950-kii gudaha magaaladeeda, doorka lahaanshaha ee opera-ka “Judith” ee J. Goossens.
1951, kadib Bonynge, Joan wuxuu u guuray London. Sutherland waxay la qabataa shaqo badan Richard, iyada oo nadiifinaysa weedh kasta oo cod ah. Waxa kale oo ay muddo sannad ah wax ku baratay Kuliyadda Muusiga ee Royal ee London iyada oo ay la qaadatay Clive Carey.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kaliya dhib weyn ayay Sutherland ku soo galaysaa kooxda Covent Garden. Bishii Oktoobar 1952, heesta da'da yar waxay heesaysaa qaybta yar ee Marwada Koowaad ee Mozart's The Magic Flute. Laakiin ka dib markii Joan ay si guul leh u soo bandhigtay sida Amelia ee Un ballo ee maschera by Verdi, oo bedelay fannaanka Jarmalka ee Elena Werth si lama filaan ah, maamulka tiyaatarka ayaa aaminsan awooddeeda. Horeba xilli ciyaareedkii ugu horreeyay, Sutherland waxay aamintay doorka Countess ("Arooska Figaro") iyo Penelope Rich ("Gloriana" Britten). Sanadkii 1954, Joan wuxuu heestaa doorka cinwaanka Aida iyo Agatha ee wax soo saarka cusub ee Weber's The Magic Shooter.
Isla sanadkaas, dhacdo muhiim ah ayaa ka dhacda Sutherland nolosheeda gaarka ah - waxay guursatay Boninj. Ninkeeda waxa uu bilaabay in uu Joan u jiheeyo qaybaha lyric-coloratura, isaga oo aaminsan in ay inta badan u dhigmaan dabeecadda kartideeda. Farshaxanku wuu ka shakiyay tan, laakiin si kastaba ha ahaatee wuu ogolaaday, 1955-kiina waxay ku heesay doorar kala duwan. Shaqada ugu xiisaha badan waxay ahayd qaybta farsamo ahaan adag ee Jennifer ee opera Habeenka Midsommar ee Arooska ee uu sameeyay curiyaha Ingiriisida ee Michael Tippett.
Laga soo bilaabo 1956 ilaa 1960, Sutherland waxay ka qayb qaadatay Bandhiga Glyndebourne, halkaas oo ay ku heesi jirtay qaybaha Countess Almaviva (Guurka Figaro), Donna Anna (Don Giovanni), Madame Hertz ee Mozart's vaudeville Agaasimaha Masraxa.
Sanadkii 1957-kii, Sutherland waxay caan ku noqotay heesaa Handel, oo ku heesa doorka lahaanshaha ee Alcina. "Heesadii Handelian-ka wanaagsan ee waqtigeena," waxay ku qoreen saxaafadda iyada oo ku saabsan. Sannadka soo socda, Sutherland waxay tagtay safar dibadda ah markii ugu horeysay: waxay ku heesay qaybta soprano ee Verdi's Requiem ee Festival Holland, iyo Don Giovanni oo ku yaala Bandhiga Vancouver ee Kanada.
Fanaanadu waxay ku sii dhawaanaysaa yoolkeeda - si ay u qabato shaqooyinka fanaaniinta bel canto ee Talyaaniga - Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti. Tijaabada muhiimka ah ee xoogga Sutherland waxay ahayd doorka Lucia di Lammermoor ee opera-ka Donizetti ee isla magaca, kaas oo u baahday hanashada qaab-dhismeedka bel canto ee qadiimiga ah.
Sacab qaylo ah, dhegaystayaashii beerta Covent waxay u riyaaqeen xirfadda heesaaga. Cilmi-yaqaanka Ingiriisida ee caanka ah Harold Rosenthal wuxuu ugu yeedhay waxqabadka Sutherland "wax muujin", iyo fasiraadda doorka - cajiib ah xoogga shucuureed. Markaa guushii London, sumcadda adduunka ayaa timid Sutherland. Tan iyo waagaas, guryaha opera-yada ugu fiican ayaa xiisaynaya inay heshiis la galaan.
Guulaha cusub waxay keenaan bandhig faneedka Vienna, Venice, Palermo. Sutherland waxay u adkaysatay imtixaankii dadweynaha reer Paris ee dalbanayay, iyagoo qabsaday Grand Opera bishii Abriil 1960, dhammaantoodna isla Lucia di Lammermoor.
"Haddii qof ii sheegi lahaa usbuuc ka hor inaan dhegeysan doono Lucia kaliya maaha caajisnimada ugu yar, laakiin dareenka ka soo baxa marka aad ku raaxaysato farshaxanka, shaqo weyn oo loo qoray marxaladda heesaha, waxaan la yaabi lahaa si aan macquul ahayn," ayuu yidhi naqdiye Faransiis Marc Pencherl oo dib u eegis ku jira.
Bishii Abriil ee soo socota, Sutherland waxay ku iftiimisay masraxa La Scala ee doorka lahaanshaha ee Bellini's Beatrice di Tenda. Deyrtii isla sanadkaas, heesaagu wuxuu ka soo muuqday marxaladaha seddexda guri ee ugu waaweyn Mareykanka: San Francisco, Chicago iyo Opera Metropolitan New York. Ka doodista Opera Metropolitan sida Lucia, waxay halkaas ku qabatay 25 sano.
1963, riyo kale oo Sutherland ah ayaa rumowday - waxay ku heesay Norma markii ugu horeysay masraxa tiyaatarka ee Vancouver. Dabadeed fanaanku wuxuu qaybtan ku heesay London bishii November 1967 iyo New York ee masraxa Metropolitan xilliyadii 1969/70 iyo 1970/71.
"Fasiraada Sutherland waxay keentay muran badan oo ka dhex jira fannaaniinta iyo kuwa jecel fanka codka," ayuu qoray VV Timokhin. - Markii hore, way adkayd in la qiyaaso in sawirka wadaadkan dagaalyahanka ah, ee Kalas ku soo bandhigay riwaayad la yaab leh, uu ka muuqan karo aragti kasta oo kale!
Tafsiirkeeda, Sutherland waxay xoogga saartay jilicsanaanta jilicsanaanta, fekerka gabayada. Ma jirin wax ku saabsan geesinimada geesinimada leh ee Callas iyada. Dabcan, ugu horrayn, dhammaan riwaayadaha, riwaayadaha riyada leh ee doorka Norma - iyo ducada "Casta Diva" - waxay si gaar ah ula dhaceen Sutherland. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mid aan la aqbali karin ra'yiga kuwa dhaleeceeya kuwaas oo tilmaamay in sida dib-u-fikir ee doorka Norma, hadheeyay quruxda gabayada ee Bellini ee music, si kastaba ha ahaatee, oo dhan, si macquul ah, saboolka ah dabeecadda uu abuuray curiyaha.
1965, markii ugu horeysay afar iyo toban sano ka dib, Sutherland waxay ku soo noqotay Australia. Imaatinka fannaanka ayaa ahaa daweyn dhab ah oo loogu talagalay dadka jecel fanka codka ee Australia, kuwaas oo si xamaasad leh u soo dhaweeyay Joan. Saxaafadda maxalliga ah ayaa si weyn isha ugu haysay dalxiiska fannaanka. Tan iyo markaas, Sutherland waxay ku soo noqnoqonaysay dalkeeda hooyo. Waxay ka tagtay masraxa hooyadeed Sydney 1990-kii, iyada oo fulinaysa qaybta Marguerite ee Meyerbeer's Les Huguenots.
Bishii Juun 1966-kii, Masraxa Beerta ee Covent, waxay markii ugu horreysay ku qabatay Maria oo ku jirta opera Donizetti Gabadha Guutada, taas oo aad dhif u ah marxaladda casriga ah. opera-kan waxa loo sameeyay Sutherland iyo New York bishii February 1972. Sunny, kalgacal, iskood u soo jiidasho leh, soo jiidasho leh - kuwani waa qaar ka mid ah hal-ku-dhigyada uu heesaaga ku mutaystay doorkan lama ilaawaanka ah.
Fanaanadu may dhimin waxqabadkeeda hal-abuurnimo ee 70-meeyadii iyo 80-meeyadii. Markaa Seattle, USA bishii Noofambar 1970, Sutherland waxay ku qabatay dhammaan afarta door ee dhedig ee opera-ga majaajilada ah ee Offenbach The Tales of Hoffmann. Dhaleeceyn ayaa loo aaneeyay shaqadan fanaanada in ay tahay tirada ugu wanaagsan.
Sannadkii 1977-kii, heesaagu wuxuu ku heesay markii ugu horreysay Covent Garden Mary Stuart ee opera-ka Donizetti ee isla magaca. London, 1983-kii, waxay marlabaad ku heesi jirtay qayb ka mid ah qaybteedii ugu wacnayd - Esclarmonde ee masraxa Massenet ee isla magaca.
Laga soo bilaabo horraantii 60-meeyadii, Sutherland waxay si joogto ah u qabatay ninkeeda, Richard Boninge. Isaga iyo isaga, waxa ay fulisay inta badan cajaladaheedii. Kuwa ugu fiican: "Anna Boleyn", "Gabadha Ciidanka", "Lucretia Borgia", "Lucia di Lammermoor", "Love Potion" iyo "Mary Stuart" ee Donizetti; "Beatrice di Tenda", "Norma", "Puritanes" iyo "Sleepwalker" ee Bellini; Rossini's Semiramide, Verdi's La Traviata, Meyerbeer's Huguenots, Massenet's Esclarmonde.
Fanaanadu waxay samaysay mid ka mid ah duubitaankeedii ugu fiicnaa ee opera Turandot oo ay la gashay Zubin Meta. Duubista opera-ka ayaa ka mid ah kuwa ugu wanaagsan soddon nooc oo maqal ah oo ah farshaxanimada Puccini. Sutherland, oo guud ahaan aan ahayn mid aad u caan ah oo ka mid ah xisbiga noocan oo kale ah, halkaas oo loo baahan yahay muujinta, mararka qaarkoodna la gaaro naxariis darro, ayaa u suurtagashay in ay soo bandhigto muuqaalada cusub ee sawirka Turandot. Waxay noqotay "crystal" badan, daloolin iyo xoogaa difaac la'aan ah. Waxaa ka dambeeya darnaanta iyo xad-dhaafka amiiradda, nafteeda oo silicsan ayaa la bilaabay in la dareemo. Laga soo bilaabo halkan, isbeddelka mucjisada ah ee quruxda qallafsan ee quruxda badan ee dumarka jecel waxay u noqotaa mid macquul ah.
Waa kan ra'yiga VV Timokhin:
"In kasta oo Sutherland aysan waligeed wax ku baran Talyaaniga oo aysan ku lahayn cod-yaqaan Talyaani ah oo ka mid ah macalimiinteeda, farshaxanku wuxuu magac u yeeshay nafteeda ugu horrayn fasiraadkeedii wacnaa ee doorarka talyaaniga ee qarnigii XNUMX-aad. Xitaa codka Sutherland - qalab naadir ah, oo aan caadi ahayn oo qurux badan iyo midabyo kala duwan oo timbre - dhaleeceyntu waxay helayaan tayada talyaaniga sifo: dhalaal, iftiin qorrax leh, casiir, dhalaal dhalaalaya. Dhawaaqyada diiwaankeeda sare, cad, hufan iyo qalin, waxay u eg yihiin biibiile, diiwaanka dhexe, oo leh diirimaadka iyo buuxnaanta, waxay siinaysaa aragtida heesaha oboe nafsi ah, iyo qoraallo jilicsan oo jilicsan ayaa u muuqda inay ka yimaadaan cello. Noocyada noocan oo kale ah ee hodanka ah ee hooska dhawaaqa ayaa ah natiijada xaqiiqda ah in muddo dheer Sutherland ay samaysay marka hore sida mezzo-soprano, ka dibna sida soprano riwaayad ah, iyo ugu dambeyntii sida coloratura. Tani waxay ka caawisay heesaa inay si buuxda u fahmaan dhammaan fursadaha codkeeda, waxay si gaar ah u siisay diiwaanka sare, tan iyo markii hore xadka awoodeeda wuxuu ahaa "ilaa" octave saddexaad; hadda waxay si fudud oo xor ah u qaadataa "fa".
Sutherland wuxuu leeyahay codkiisa sida virtuoso dhamaystiran oo leh qalabkiisa. Laakin iyada waligeed ma jirto farsamo ay ku muujinayso farsamada lafteeda, dhamaan iyada oo si jilicsan loo fuliyay nimcooyinka ugu adag waxay ku habboon yihiin qaabka guud ee dareenka doorka, qaabka guud ee muusikada sida qaybteeda muhiimka ah.
