Kirill Petrovich Kondrashin (Kirill Kondrashin) |

Kirill Kondrashin

Fanaanka dadka ee USSR (1972). Jawiga muusiga ayaa ku hareeraysan fanaanka mustaqbalka ilaa caruurnimadii. Waalidkiis waxay ahaayeen fannaaniin waxayna ku ciyaari jireen orkestarrada kala duwan. (Waxaa la yaab leh in Kondrashin hooyadeed, A. Tanina, ay ahayd haweeneydii ugu horreysay ee ku tartanta kooxda masraxa ee Bolshoi 1918.) Markii hore wuxuu ciyaaray piano (dugsiga muusikada, VV Stasov farsamada gacanta), laakiin da'da toddoba iyo toban jir go'aansaday inuu noqdo kirishbooy oo galay Moscow Conservatory. Shan sano ka dib, wuxuu ka qalin jabiyay koorsada Conservatory ee fasalka B. Khaikin. Xitaa hore, kobaca muuqaalkiisa muusiga ayaa si weyn u fududeeyay fasallada is-waafajinta, polyphony iyo falanqaynta foomamka N. Zhilyaev.

Tallaabooyinka madax-bannaan ee ugu horreeya ee fanaaniinta da'da yar waxay ku xiran yihiin Masraxa Muusikada oo lagu magacaabo VI Nemirovich-Danchenko. Markii hore waxa uu ku ciyaaray qalabka muusiga ee orchestra, 1934-kiina wuxuu u saftay kulankiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay isagoo ah kaari - isaga oo hoos imanaya jihada operetta "Corneville Bells" ee Plunket, iyo wax yar ka dib "Cio-Cio-san" ee Puccini.

Wax yar ka dib markii uu ka qalin jabiyay konserfatifka, Kondrashin waxaa lagu martiqaaday Tiyaatarka Maly Opera ee Leningrad (1937), kaas oo uu markaa madax u ahaa macalinkiisa, B. Khaikin. Halkan waxaa sii socday samaynta sawirka hal-abuurka ah ee kaariyaha. Waxa uu si guul leh ula qabsaday hawlo adag. Ka dib markii shaqadii ugu horeysay ee madax banaan ee A. Pashchenko ee opera "Pompadours", waxaa lagu aaminay waxyaabo badan oo ka mid ah riwaayadaha casriga ah iyo kuwa casriga ah: "Arooska Figaro", "Boris Godunov", "Aroosadda Bartered", "Tosca", " Gabar ka timid Galbeedka", "Doon aamusan".

Sannadkii 1938 kii Kondrashin waxa uu ka qayb qaatay Tartankii Qabanqaabada ee Ururka Koowaad. Waxaa la guddoonsiiyay shahaado darajada labaad. Tani waxay ahayd guul aan shaki ku jirin fanaanka afar iyo labaatan jirka ah, marka loo eego in ku guuleystayaasha tartanka ay horeyba si buuxda u dhisteen fannaaniin.

In 1943 Kondrashin galay Tiyaatarka Bolshoi ee USSR ah. Sheekada masraxa ee kirishbooyada ayaa sii fideysa xitaa in ka badan. Laga bilaabo halkan "The Snow Maiden" by Rimsky-Korsakov, ka dibna wuxuu ku dhejiyaa "Aroosadda Bartered" ee Smetana, "Pebble" ee Monyushko, "Ciidanka Cadowga" ee Serov, "Bela" ee An. Alexandrova. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mar horeba wakhtigaas, Kondrashin wuxuu bilaabay inuu si aad ah u sii socdo oo ku wajahan qabashada symphonic. Waxa uu hogaaminayaa Orchestra Youth Symphony Moscow, kaas oo 1949 ku guuleystay Grand Prix ee Bandhigga Budapest.

Tan iyo 1956, Kondrashin wuxuu naftiisa u huray gebi ahaanba waxqabadyada riwaayadaha. Markaa muu lahayn orchestra-kiisii ​​joogtada ahaa. Safarka sannadlaha ah ee dalka, waa inuu la soo bandhigaa kooxo kala duwan; iyadoo qaarkood uu si joogto ah ula shaqeeyo. Waad ku mahadsan tahay shaqadiisa adag, tusaale ahaan, orchestras sida Gorky, Novosibirsk, Voronezh ayaa si weyn u hagaajiyay heerkooda xirfadeed. Shaqada hal bil iyo bar ee Kondrashin ee Pyongyang Orchestra ee DPRK waxay sidoo kale keentay natiijooyin aad u fiican.

Horeba wakhtigaas, qalab-yaqaannada Soofiyeedka ee heersare ah ayaa si ikhtiyaari ah u sameeyay isku-dhafka Kondrashin oo ah kaari ahaan. Gaar ahaan, D. Oistrakh wuxuu siiyay wareegga "Horumarinta Concerto Violin", E. Gilelsna wuxuu ciyaaray dhammaan shantii riwaayadaha Beethoven. Kondrashin ayaa sidoo kale weheliyay wareegii ugu dambeeyay ee tartanka Tchaikovsky International First International (1958). Wax yar ka dib "duet" uu la yeeshay ku guuleystaha tartanka piano Van Cliburn ayaa laga maqlay USA iyo England. Markaa Kondrashin wuxuu noqday kaariyihii ugu horreeyay ee Soofiyeedka si uu u qabto Mareykanka. Tan iyo markaas, wuxuu ku qasbanaaday inuu si isdaba joog ah u bandhigo masraxyada riwaayadaha ee adduunka.

Marxaladda cusub ee ugu muhiimsan ee waxqabadka farshaxanka Kondrashin waxay bilaabatay 1960-kii, markii uu hogaaminayay Orchestra Philharmonic Symphony Moscow. Muddo yar gudaheed, waxa uu ku guulaystey in uu kooxdan ku keeno safka hore ee xuduudaha fanka. Tani waxay khusaysaa tayada wax qabad iyo kala duwanaanshaha repertoire labadaba. Inta badan isagoo la hadlaya barnaamijyada qadiimiga ah, Kondrashin wuxuu diiradda saaray muusigga casriga ah. Waxa uu "helay" D. Shostakovich's Symphony afaraad, oo dib loo qoray soddonkii. Taas ka dib, laxamiistaha ayaa ku aaminay waxqabadyadii ugu horreeyay ee Symphony Saddex iyo Tobnaad iyo Fulinta Stepan Razin. Sannadihii 60-aadkii, Kondrashin wuxuu soo bandhigay dhagaystayaasha shaqooyinka G. Sviridov, M. Weinberg, R. Shchedrin, B. Tchaikovsky iyo qorayaasha kale ee Soofiyeedka.

"Waa inaan ixtiraamnaa geesinimada Kondrashin iyo dulqaadka, mabaadiida, dareenka muusiga iyo dhadhanka," ayuu qoray naqdiye M. Sokolsky. "Waxa uu u dhaqmay sidii horumarsan, maskax ballaadhan oo si qoto dheer u dareemaya farshaxanka Soofiyeedka, sida dacaayad xamaasad leh ee hal-abuurka Soofiyeedka. Iyo in this hal-abuurnimo, tijaabo farshaxan geesinimo ee uu, waxa uu helay taageerada orkestra, kaas oo sita magaca Moscow Philharmonic ah… Halkan, in kooxda orchestra Philharmonic, sannadihii la soo dhaafay, tayada weyn ee Kondrashin ayaa si gaar ah u iftiimay oo si ballaaran shaaca ka qaaday. Waxaan jeclaan lahaa inaan ugu yeero tayadan mid weerar ah. Dareen la'aan, shucuur xamaasad leh, qabatin u qabatinka qaraxyada iyo ciribtirka, muujinta ba'an, ee ku dhexjirtay Kondrashin da'da yar, ayaa weli ah astaamaha ugu caansan ee fanka Kondrashin maanta. Maanta oo kaliya ayaa la gaadhay wakhtigii uu gaadhi lahaa qaangaadhnimo dhab ah.

Tixraacyo: R. Glaser. Kirill Kondrashin. "SM", 1963, No. 5. Razhnikov V., "K. Kondrashin wuxuu ka hadlayaa muusikada iyo nolosha", M., 1989.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969