Polytonality |
laga bilaabo polus Giriigga - badan iyo tonality
Nooc gaar ah oo bandhig tonal ah, nidaam isku dhafan (laakin midaysan) ee xidhiidhka garoon, ayaa inta badan la isticmaalo. muusiga casriga ah. P. - "ma aha wadarta furayaasha dhowrka ah ... laakiin isku-dhafankooda kakan, siinta tayada modal cusub - nidaam modal ku salaysan polytonicity" (Yu. I. Paisov). P. waxay qaadan kartaa qaab isku darka dhawaaqyo badan oo tonal ah (chord P.), laxan-tone oo badan. khadadka (laxan. P.) iyo isku-darka xargaha iyo laxanka. khadadka (P isku dhafan). Dibadda, P. mararka qaarkood waxay u egtahay meel sare oo ah dhismayaal hoose oo aad u kala duwan oo midba midka kale ku yaal (eeg tusaalaha hoose).
P., sida caadiga ah, waxay leedahay hal xarun ("politonic", sida laga soo xigtay Paisov), si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma aha monolithic (sida furaha caadiga ah), laakiin dhowr, polyharmonically stratified (eeg Polyharmony). Qaybaha ka mid ah ("subtonic", sida laga soo xigtay Paisov) waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida tonics fudud, furayaasha diatonic (xaaladaha noocaas ah, P. waa "pseudochromatic" oo dhan, sida uu qabo VG Karatygin; eeg Polyladovost).
SS Prokofiev. "Sarkas", No 3.
Aasaaska guud ee soo ifbaxa P. waa qaab-dhismeed kakan (dissonant iyo chromatic) qaab-dhismeedka qaab-dhismeedka, kaas oo qaab-dhismeedka tertian ee chords lagu ilaalin karo (gaar ahaan heerka heerarka hoose). Tusaalaha polytonic ee Prokofiev's "Sarcasms" - polychord b - des (cis) - f - ges (fis) - a - waa xarun isku dhafan oo ka mid ah nidaamka, oo aan ahayn laba fudud, taas oo, dabcan, aan u kala goyno. waa (triads b-moll iyo fis-moll); Sidaa darteed, nidaamka guud ahaan ma aha mid laga dhimi karo hal fure oo caadi ah (b-moll), ama wadarta laba (b-moll + fis-moll). (Si la mid ah sida dhammaan organic-ga aan la mid ahayn wadarta qaybaheeda, is-waafajinta qaab-dhismeedyo badan oo tonal ah ayaa lagu dhex daraa nidaam-macrosystem oo aan la dhimi karin isku mar isku mar ah laba ama dhowr furayaal: "synthesis inta lagu jiro dhegeysiga", codad badan "Waxay ku midabaysan yihiin hal furaha muhiimka ah" - V. Asafiev, 1925; sidaas awgeed, nidaamka guud ee noocan oo kale ah waa in aan loogu yeedhin magaca hal keli ah oo duug ah, wax yar oo ka yar magaca laba ama dhowr monotonities, tusaale ahaan, ma noqon karto. in la sheego in ciyaarta Prokofiev – eeg tusaalaha muusiga – waxa lagu qoray b-moll.)
La xidhiidha fikradda P. waa fikradaha polymode, polychord, polyharmony (farqiga u dhexeeya iyaga ayaa la mid ah inta u dhaxaysa fikradaha aasaasiga ah: tonality, mode, chord, common). Shuruudaha ugu muhiimsan ee tilmaamaya joogitaanka saxda ah ee P. isla mar ahaantaana. diff diff. furayaasha, xaaladdu waa in mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah aan lagu matalin hal shibbane (ama sawir aan isbeddel lahayn), laakiin si cad oo la socon karo oo la socon karo (G. Erpf, 1927; Paisov, 1971).
Badanaa fikradaha "poly-mode", "poly-chord" iyo "polyharmony" ayaa si qalad ah loogu daraa P. Sababta isku dhafka fikradaha poly-mode ama poly-chord ee P. waxay badanaa bixisaa aragti khaldan. tarjumaadda xogta fahamka: tusaale ahaan ugu weyn ee lahjadda xudunta waxaa loo qaataa sida ugu weyn. codka (tonic) ee furaha ama, tusaale ahaan, isku dhafka C-dur iyo Fis-dur sida chords (fiiri mawduuca Petrushka ee ballet ee magaca isku midka ah IF Stravinsky, tusaale muusik ah oo ku yaala strip 329) waa loo qaatay sidii isku darka C-dur iyo Fisduur oo ah furayaal (ie chords waxaa si khalad ah u qeexay ereyga "tonality", qaladkan waxaa sameeyay, tusaale ahaan, D. Millau, 1923). Sidaa darteed, inta badan tusaalooyinka P. ee lagu sheegay suugaanta runtii ma matalo. Soo saarida lakabyada harmonics ee macnaha guud ee adag waxay siinaysaa natiijooyin isku mid ah ( khaldan) sida jeexjeexa iswaafajinta codadka shakhsi ahaaneed ee fugue laga soo bilaabo macnaha guud ee fudud (tusaale, bass ee b-moll fugue stretta by Bach, The Well- Clavier xanaaqsan, mugga 2aad, baararka 33 -37 waxay ku jiri doonaan qaabka Locrian).
Tusaalooyinka dhismooyinka polystructures (P.) waxaa lagu arki karaa muunado nar ah qaarkood. muusiga (tusaale sutartines). Polyphony-ga Yurub waa horudhac P.-modal laba-lakab ah (Rubuca u dambeeya ee 13-aad - rubuci hore ee qarniyadii 15-aad) oo leh dabeecad "Gothic cadence" nooca:
cis — d gis — ae – d (eeg Cadence).
Glarean ee Dodecachord (1547) ayaa qirtay isku mar. isku darka soo bandhigay codad kala duwan diff. xanaaqsan. Tusaalaha caanka ah ee P. (1544) - "dheesha Yuhuudda" ee X. Neusiedler (ee daabacaadda "Denkäler der Tonkunst ee Österreich", Bd 37) - dhab ahaantii ma matalo P., laakiin polyscale. Taariikh ahaan, "polytonally" ee ugu horeysay ee la duubay polychord been ah ayaa ku jirta gabagabada. baararka "Kaftanka Muusiga ah" ee WA Mozart (K..-V. 522, 1787):
Mararka qaarkood, ifafaalaha loo arko inay yihiin P. waxaa laga helaa muusiga qarnigii 19-aad. (MP Mussorgsky, Pictures at Exhibition, "Laba Yuhuudi ah"; NA Rimsky-Korsakov, 16aad kala duwanaansho "Paraphrase" - on theme soo jeediyay AP Borodin). Ifafaalaha loo yaqaan P. waa sifada muusiga qarnigii 20-aad. (P. Hindemith, B. Bartok, M. Ravel, A. Honegger, D. Milhaud, C. Ive, IF Stravinsky, SS Prokofiev, DD Shostakovich, K. Shimanovsky, B. Lutoslavsky iyo iwm).
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