Maxim Sozontovich Berezovsky |

Maxim Berezovsky

Hal-abuurka hal-abuurka aadka u wanaagsan ee Ruushka qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii XNUMX-aad. M. Berezovsky, oo ay weheliso shaqadiisa caanka ah ee casriga ah ee D. Bortnyansky, ayaa calaamad u ah bilawga marxalad cusub oo qadiimiga ah ee fanka muusikada ee Ruushka.

Laxanka wuxuu ku dhashay gobolka Chernihiv. Waxa la sheegay in uu waxbarashadiisii ​​hore ee muusiga ka qaatay Dugsiga Muusiga ee Glukhov, oo caan ku ahaa dhaqannada heesaha, ka dibna waxa uu ka sii watay Akademiyada fiqiga ee Kyiv. Markii uu yimid St. Petersburg (1758), ninkii dhalinyarada ahaa, mahadnaqa codkiisa quruxda badan, ayaa loo xilsaaray shaqaalaha muusikada ee dhaxalka carshiga, Peter Fedorovich, halkaas oo uu bilaabay inuu helo casharro halabuur ah oo ka socda F. Zoppis iyo vocals. ka macalinka talyaaniga Nunziani. Xilligii 1750-60aadkii. Berezovsky wuxuu horey u sameeyay door muhiim ah riwaayadaha F. Araya iyo V. Manfredini, kuwaas oo lagu soo bandhigay masraxa maxkamadaha, iyagoo ku tartamaya xirfad iyo wanaagga fannaaniinta Talyaaniga ugu fiican. Ka dib afgambigii qasriga ee 1762, Berezovsky, sida fanaaniinta kale ee gobolka Peter III, waxaa Catherine II u wareejiyay kooxda Talyaaniga. Bishii Oktoobar 1763, curiyaha ayaa guursaday Franziska Iberscher, qoob ka ciyaarka kooxda. Isagoo la hadlaya qaybo keligiis ah oo ku jira bandhigyada opera, Berezovsky wuxuu sidoo kale ku heesay Choir Court, taas oo keentay xiisaha muusigga ee noocyada heesaha. Sida laga soo xigtay taariikh nololeedka P. Vorotnikov, riwaayadihii ugu horreeyay ee ruuxiga ah ("kaalay oo arka", "Carrabka oo dhan", "Ilaah ayaanu kugu ammaanaynaa", "Rabbigu wuu taliyaa", "Rabbiga jannada ka ammaana") wuxuu muujiyay muuqaalkiisa gaarka ah. kartida iyo aqoonta wanaagsan ee shuruucda ka-hortagga iyo is-waafajinta. Bishii Maajo 1769-kii, Berezovsky ayaa loo diray Talyaaniga si uu u horumariyo xirfadihiisa shaqo. Akadeemiyada caanka ah ee Bologna, sida laga soo xigtay halyeeyga, wuxuu wax ku bartay hanuuninta aragtida sare iyo macalinka Padre Martini.

Maajo 15, 1771, wax yar ka dib WA Mozart, ka dib markii uu si wadajir ah u baastay imtixaanka laxamiistaha Czech I. Myslivechek, Berezovsky waxaa loo aqbalay xubin ka mid ah Akademiyada. Sannadkii 1773-kii, oo loo wakiishay Livorno, wuxuu abuuray kii ugu horreeyay oo laga yaabo inuu yahay opera kaliya, Demofont, guushaas oo lagu xusay wargeyska Livorno: "Waxa ka mid ah bandhigyadii la soo bandhigay intii lagu jiray carnival-kii ugu dambeeyay, waa in lagu xuso adeegga Boqortooyada. Boqortooyadii Ruushka oo dhan, calaamadeeyaha Maxim Berezovsky, oo isku daraya noolaanshaha iyo dhadhanka wanaagsan ee aqoonta muusikada. Opera "Demofont" wuxuu soo koobay "Talyaani" ee noloshii Berezovsky - Oktoobar 19, 1773, wuxuu ka tagay Talyaaniga.

Ku soo noqoshada Ruushka ee ra'yiga awoodiisa hal-abuurka ah, Berezovsky ma uusan la kulmin dabeecadda saxda ah ee ku wajahan kartidiisa maxkamada. Marka lagu qiimeeyo dukumentiyada kaydka, laxanka waligiis looma magacaabin adeeg u dhigma magaca xubin ka tirsan Akademiyada Bologna. Isaga oo la noqday G. Potemkin, Berezovsky in muddo ah ayaa lagu tiriyaa booska Akademiyada Muusikada ee koonfurta dalka (marka laga reebo Berezovsky, amiirku wuxuu sidoo kale doonayay inuu soo jiito J. Sarti iyo I. Khandoshkin). Laakiin mashruuca Potemkin waligiis lama hirgelin, Berezovsky wuxuu sii waday inuu ka shaqeeyo kaniisadda sida shaqaale caadi ah. Rajo la'aanta xaaladda, kalinimada shakhsi ahaaneed ee laxamiistaha sannadihii la soo dhaafay ayaa horseeday xaqiiqda ah in, uu ku xanuunsaday qandho bishii March 1777, Berezovsky wuxuu isdilay mid ka mid ah weerarrada cudurka.

Masiirka hal-abuurka hal-abuurka curiyaha ayaa ah mid cajiib ah: badi shaqooyinkii la sameeyay qarnigii 4-aad oo dhan waxay ku hareen qoraal-gacmeed muddo dheer waxaana lagu hayay Maxkamadda Chapel. Bilowgii qarnigeenna, waxay ahaayeen kuwo lumay oo aan laga soo kaban karin. Shaqooyinka qalabka ee Berezovsky, mid ka mid ah sonata ee violin iyo cembalo ee C weyn ayaa loo yaqaan. Dhibcaha opera "Demofont", ee lagu soo bandhigay Talyaaniga, ayaa lumay: kaliya 1818 arias ayaa badbaaday ilaa maantadan la joogo. Ka mid ah halabuurrada ruuxiga ah ee tirada badan, kaliya Liturgy iyo dhawr riwaayado ruuxi ah ayaa la xafiday. Waxaa ka mid ah Lord Reign, oo ah tusaalaha ugu horreeya ee wareegga heesaha qadiimiga ah ee Ruushka, oo ha i diidin da'da weyn, taas oo noqotay dhammaadka shaqadii curiyaha. Riwaayaddan, marka la barbardhigo shaqooyinka kale ee sannadihii u dambeeyay, waxay leedahay qaddar farxad leh. Caannimadiisa awgeed, waxay noqotay mid baahsan waxaana la daabacay laba jeer qeybtii hore ee qarnigii 1841-aad. (XNUMX, XNUMX).

Saamaynta laxanka, farsamada polyphonic, is-waafajinta iyo qaab-dhismeedka qaab-dhismeedka riwaayadaha ayaa laga heli karaa shaqada Berezovsky ee da'da yar - Bortnyansky, S. Degtyarev, A. Vedel. Ahaanshaha xirfad-yaqaanka dhabta ah ee farshaxanka muusikada, riwaayadda "Ha diidin" waxay calaamad u tahay bilawga marxaladda qadiimiga ah ee horumarinta hal-abuurka choral gudaha.

Xitaa muunado shakhsi ah oo ka mid ah shaqada Berezovsky waxay noo ogolaataa inaan ka hadalno ballaadhka xiisaha faneed ee curiyaha, oo ku saabsan isku dhafka dabiiciga ah ee muusiggiisa muusiga qaranka oo leh farsamooyinka pan-European iyo qaababka horumarinta.

A. Lebedeva