Mikhail Ivanovich Chulaki |

Mikhail Chulaki

MI Chulaki waxa uu ku dhashay Simferopol, qoyska ka mid ah shaqaalaha. Muuqaalkiisii ​​ugu horeeyay ee muusiga ayaa ku xidhan magaaladiisa. Muusig-semphonic-ka qadiimiga ah ayaa inta badan halkan ka dhawaajiya iyadoo ay hoos imanayaan usha kirishbooyada caanka ah - L. Steinberg, N. Malko. Fanaaniinta ugu bandhiga badan ayaa halkan yimid - E. Petri, N. Milshtein, S. Kozolupov iyo kuwa kale.

Chulaki wuxuu ku qaatay waxbarashadiisa xirfadeed ee aasaasiga ah ee Simferopol Musical College. Lataliyihii ugu horreeyay ee Chulaki ee halabuurka wuxuu ahaa II Chernov, arday NA Rimsky-Korsakov. Xidhiidhka aan tooska ahayn ee la leh caadooyinka Dugsiga Muusikada Cusub ee Ruushka ayaa ka muuqday curintii ugu horeysay ee orkestral, oo ku qoran inta badan saameynta muusikada Rimsky-Korsakov. Conservatory ee Leningrad, halkaas oo Chulaki galay 1926, macalinka halabuurka ahaa marka hore sidoo kale arday ah Rimsky-Korsakov, MM Chernov, oo kaliya ka dibna laxamiistaha Soviet caanka ah VV Shcherbachev. Shaqooyinka dibloomada ee curiyaha da'da yar waxay ahaayeen Symphony First (marka hore lagu sameeyay Kislovodsk), muusigga kaas oo, sida laga soo xigtay qoraaga laftiisa, ayaa si weyn u saameeyay sawirada shaqooyinka symphonic ee AP Borodin, iyo qolka laba pianos " May Pictures ", ka dib si isdaba joog ah u sameeyeen pianists caan ah oo Soofiyeedka oo horey u muujiyay siyaabo badan shakhsiyadda qoraaga.

Ka dib markii uu ka qalin jabiyay konserfatifka, laxanka danihiisa ayaa inta badan ku wajahan nooca, taas oo la filayo inuu ku guuleysto. Horeba ballet-kii ugu horreeyay ee Chulaki, Sheekada Wadaadka iyo Shaqaalihiisa Balda (ka dib A. Pushkin, 1939), ayaa dadwaynuhu dareemeen, waxay lahaayeen saxaafad ballaaran, oo ay soo saartay Leningrad Maly Opera Theatre (MALEGOT) ayaa lagu soo bandhigay Moscow tobankii sano ee farshaxanka Leningrad. Chulaki's labada ballet ee xiga - "The Imaginary Groom" (ka dib C. Goldoni, 1946) iyo "Youth" (ka dib N. Ostrovsky, 1949), sidoo kale markii ugu horeysay ee uu dhigay MALEGOT, ayaa la guddoonsiiyay Abaalmarinta Gobolka USSR (1949 iyo 1950).

Dunida masraxa ayaa sidoo kale raadkeeda ku reebtay shaqadii faneed ee Chulaki. Tani waxay si gaar ah u caddaynaysaa Symphony-kiisii ​​​​labaad, oo u heellanaa guushii dadka Soofiyeedka ee Dagaalkii Waddaniga Weyn (1946, Abaalmarinta Gobolka ee USSR - 1947), iyo sidoo kale wareegga astaanta ah "Heesaha iyo Qoob-ka-ciyaarka Old France", halkaas oo halabuuruhu siyaalo badan uga fikiro masraxiyad ahaan, isaga oo abuuraya sawirro midab leh, oo la arki karo. Symphony Saddexaad (Symphony-concert, 1959) ayaa lagu qoray isla xididka, iyo sidoo kale gabal riwaayad ah oo loogu talagalay isku-dhafka violinists ee Tiyaatarka Bolshoi - "Fasaxa Ruushka", shaqo dhalaalaya oo dabeecad wanaagsan, kaas oo isla markiiba helay ballaaran. caannimada, ayaa marar badan lagu soo bandhigay marxaladaha riwaayadaha iyo raadiyaha, oo lagu duubay rikoodhka gramophone.

Ka mid ah shuqullada laxamiistaha ee noocyada kale, waa in marka hore la xuso cantata "On bangiyada Volkhov", la abuuray 1944, inta lagu guda jiro joogitaanka Chulaka ee Volkhov hore. Shaqadani waxay ahayd qayb muhiim ah oo ku saabsan muusiga Soofiyeedka, oo ka tarjumaysa sannadihii dagaalka geesinimada.

Dhinaca muusikada codka iyo heesaha, shaqada ugu muhiimsan ee Chulaka waa wareegga heesaha cappella "Lenin nala" aayadaha M. Lisyansky, oo la qoray 1960. Ka dib, 60-70-meeyadii, curiyaha ayaa abuuray tiro ka mid ah halabuuro cod, kuwaas oo ay ka mid yihiin wareegyada codka iyo biyaano "Badnaanta" ilaa aayadaha W. Whitman iyo "The Years Fly" ilaa aayadaha Vs. Grekov.

Xiisaha joogtada ah ee curiyaha ee muusiga iyo masraxa fanka ayaa sababay muuqaalka ballet "Ivan the Terrible" oo ku salaysan muusikada SS Prokofiev ee filimka magaca isku midka ah. Halabuurka iyo nooca muusiga ee ballet-ka waxaa sameeyay Chulaki iyadoo la raacayo amarka Masraxa Bolshoi ee USSR, halkaas oo 1975 la sameeyay, taas oo si weyn u xoojisay riwaayadaha masraxa, guulna ka gaadhay dhagaystayaasha Soofiyeedka iyo kuwa ajnabiga ah.

Iyada oo ay weheliso hal-abuurka, Chulaki ayaa si weyn u fiirsaday dhaqdhaqaaqa barbaarinta. Muddo konton sano ah wuxuu u gudbiyay aqoontiisa iyo waayo-aragnimadiisa hodanka ah ee fannaaniinta da'da yar: 1933 wuxuu bilaabay inuu wax ku baro Conservatory Leningrad (fasalada halabuurka iyo qalabaynta), tan iyo 1948 magaciisa wuxuu ka mid ahaa macallimiinta Conservatory Moscow. Tan iyo 1962-kii waxa uu bare ka ahaa konserfatifka. Ardaydiisa sannado kala duwan waxay ahaayeen A. Abbasov, V. Akhmedov, N. Shakhmatov, K. Katsman, E. Krylatov, A. Nemtin, M. Reuterstein, T. Vasilyev, A. Samonov, M. Bobylev, T. Kazhgaliev, S. Zhukov, V. Belyaev iyo kuwo kale oo badan.

Fasalka Chulaka, waxaa had iyo jeer ahaa jawi niyad wanaag iyo daacadnimo. Macallinka ayaa si taxadar leh ula dhaqmay shakhsiyaadka hal-abuurka ah ee ardaydiisa, isku dayaya in ay horumariyaan awooddooda dabiiciga ah ee midnimada organic iyada oo la horumarinayo arsenal qani ah oo ah farsamooyinka curinta casriga ah. Natiijadii sannado badan oo uu ka soo shaqeeyay barbaarineed oo ku saabsan qalabka qalabaynta wuxuu ahaa buugga "Tools of the Symphony Orchestra" (1950) - buuga ugu caansan, kaas oo horey u soo maray afar qaybood.

Xiiso weyn u leh akhristaha casriga ah waa maqaallada xusuusta Chulaki, oo lagu daabacay waqtiyo kala duwan joornaal iyo ururin gaar ah, oo ku saabsan Yu. F. Fayer, A. Sh. Melik-Pashayev, B. Britten, LBEG Gilels, MV Yudina, II Dzerzhinsky, VV Shcherbachev iyo fannaaniin kale oo heer sare ah.

Nolosha hal-abuurka ah ee Mikhail Ivanovich waxay si aan kala sooc lahayn ugu xidhan tahay dhaqdhaqaaqyada muusikada iyo bulshada. Waxa uu ahaa agaasimaha iyo agaasimaha farshaxanka ee Leningrad Philharmonic Society (1937-1939), in 1948 waxa uu noqday guddoomiyaha ururka Leningrad ee laxamiistaha, isla sanadkaas ee Congress-ka All-Union waxa loo doortay xoghayaha ururka Hal-abuurayaashii Soofiyeedka ee USSR; 1951-kii waxaa loo magacaabay guddoomiye ku-xigeenka Guddiga Farshaxanka ee hoos yimaada Golaha Wasiirrada ee USSR; 1955 - agaasimaha tiyaatarka Bolshoi ee USSR; Laga soo bilaabo 1959 ilaa 1963 Chulaki wuxuu ahaa xoghayaha ururka laxanka ee RSFSR. Sannadkii 1963-kii, waxa uu mar kale madax ka noqday Tiyaatarka Bolshoi, wakhtigan oo ah agaasime iyo agaasime faneed.

Waqtigii uu hogaaminayay oo dhan, shaqooyin badan oo Soofiyeedka iyo farshaxanka ajnabiga ah ayaa lagu soo bandhigay masraxa masraxa markii ugu horeysay, oo ay ku jiraan operas: "Hooyo" by TN Khrennikov, "Nikita Vershinin" by Dm. B. Kablevsky, "Dagaalka iyo Nabadda" iyo "Semyon Kotko" ee SS Prokofiev, "Oktoobar" ee VI Muradeli, "Musiibada Rajada" ee AN Kholminov, "Taming of Shrew" ee V. Ya. Shebalin, “Jenufa” ee uu qoray L. Janachka, “Riyada Habeenka Dhexe” ee B. Britten; opera-ballet The Queen Snow ee MR Rauchverger; ballets: "Leyli iyo Mejnun" ee SA Balasanyan, "Dhagaxa Ubax" ee Prokofiev, "Icarus" ee SS Slonimsky, "The Legend of Love" by AD Melikov, "Spartacus" by AI Khachaturian, "Carmen suite" by RK Shchedrin, "Assel" ee VA Vlasov, "Shurale" ee FZ Yarullin.

MI Chulaki waxaa loo doortay ku xigeenka Soofiyeedka Sare ee RSFSR VI iyo shirarka VII, wuxuu ahaa ergo ka tirsan Shirweynaha XXIV ee CPSU. Wixii uu ku mutaystay horumarinta fanka muusiga Soofiyeedka, waxa lagu abaalmariyay magaca fanaaniinta dadka ee RSFSR, waxaana la gudoonsiiyay abaalmarino – Amarka Banner-ka Cas ee Shaqada, Amarka Saaxiibtinimada Dadka iyo Calaamada Sharafta.

Mikhail Ivanovich Chulaki wuxuu ku dhintay bishii Janaayo 29, 1989 ee Moscow.

L. Sidelnikov