Bandhig faneedka |

Bandhig faneedka - bandhig faneedka dadweynaha, lacagta lagu bixiyo si waafaqsan barnaamij horay loo sii shaaciyey, oo ay sameeyeen hal ama in ka badan oo fannaaniin ah oo ku jira qol gaar ah oo qalabaysan. Ansixinta qarnigii 18aad. KU. sida qaababka bulshada. ciyaarista muusiga waxaa sabab u ahaa koritaanka buuraha. bourgeois-farshaxan dimuqraadi ah. dhaqanka. Kordhinta danta guud ee instr. muusiga, kaas oo ilaa wakhtigaas siiyey ka-reebis. doorbidida opera, taasoo keentay in la sameeyo dad cusub oo riwaayado ah, kaas oo ay fududeeyeen jawiga masraxa. bandhigyada sanadahaas - ee dhex-dhexaadinta operas, iyo mararka qaarkood riwaayadaha. bandhigyadu waxay ahaayeen instr. virtuosos (waxqabadyada noocan oo kale ah ayaa badbaaday ilaa 80-meeyadii. Qarnigii 19aad), iyo sidoo kale inta u dhaxaysa kaniisadaha gaarka ah. adeegyada, wacdiga (inta badan ee Zap. Yurub). La halgamaya muusig cilmaani ah. dhaqanka, kaniisadaha loo isticmaalo tan iyo qarnigii 17aad. oo ay la socdaan bahda iyo hobolada skr. muusikada, abuurista muuqaal conc. inta lagu guda jiro cibaadada diinta. dejinta. Violin sida qalab keligiis ah iyo skr. ururku wuxuu qabsaday meel muhiim ah naqshadeynta Katooliga. tiro badan, taas oo keentay in Talyaani. muusiga qalabka waxa loo sameeyay gaar ah. nooca barafka iyo qaabka, oo bixisa asalka xaaladda (kaniisadda. sonata, concerto grosso). Intii lagu jiray qarnigii 17aad iyo ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan qarnigii 18aad. waayo nolosha sifooyin, aristocratic salons, baahsan wakhtigaas akadeemiyada, Collegium musicum ahaa Ch. ar. sida caadiga ah waxa loogu yeero muusikada xiran. KU. waxaa loogu talagalay in la xaddido. goobada dadka sida gaarka ah loo casuumay. VC. fannaaniin u adeegaya mid ama mid kale oo sharafta leh ee fanka, kuwaas oo inta badan haystay qalab u gaar ah, ayaa inta badan ka qayb qaadan jiray. iyo heeso. macbadyo (waxaa lasiiyaa dhagaystayaasha lacag la'aan). Halabuurka la doortay ee daawadayaasha iyo cabbirka yar ee goobta ayaa go'aamiyay nuxurka riwaayadahaas, kuwaas oo inta badan leh dabeecadda qolka-ururinta muusikada. Taas waxaa weheliya, qarnigii 18aad. waxaa jira nooc kale oo K. - bandhigyada fannaaniinta ee dadweynaha, looguna talagalay ballaaran, dimuqraadi ah. dhagaystayaasha. Kii ugu horreeyay ee la furay K. waxaa lagu abaabulay London 1672-78 by violinist J. Banister isaga u gaar ah. guriga; dhagaystayaasha waxaa la siiyay xuquuq ay ku doortaan barnaamij. 1678-1714 qabanqaabiyaha caanka ah K. London wuxuu ahaa T. Britton. 1690-93 halkan K. uu soo agaasimay R. Boqorka wadajirka. isaga oo leh. opera ganacsade I. AT Frank, sidoo kale in conc u gaar ah. hoolka Waqtigaas, rukunka K. iyo K. adigoo iska diiwaan gelinaya. 1765-82, kaadhadhka isdiiwaangelinta ayaa caan ka ahaa London; IYO. KU. Bach wadajir ah. leh K. F. Abel, rukunka K., osn. qoraaga I. AP Zolomon (iyaga Y. Hayd wuxuu qoray waxa loogu yeero. London Symphonies). Dalka Faransiiska, waxaa ka jiray "Riwaayadaha Ruuxiga ah" (1725-91), osn. isku darka F. A. Philidor; iyaga, oo ay la socdaan muusiga cibaadada, qalabka cilmaaniga ah ayaa sidoo kale lagu soo bandhigay. ensembles, symphonies, solo op. Iyagoo raacaya tusaalahoodii, oo la mid ah K. oo lagu qabtay Leipzig, Vienna, Stockholm. Faras leh. 18 gudaha. waxa loogu yeero. akadeemiyada - Xuquuqda daabacaadda K., marka laxamiistaha uu sameeyo waxqabadkiisa. dhunkasho (AT. A. Mozart, L. Beethoven iyo kuwo kale). Ruushka, riwaayadihii ugu horreeyay ee dadweynaha ayaa la qabtay 40-kii. 18 gudaha. Petersburg, halkaas oo 70-meeyadii. si nidaamsan ayay u helaan. dabeecadda (Moscow - 80-meeyadii). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kaliya ka dib markii Great Faransiis. Intii lagu guda jiray kacaanka, qaabka shaleemada dadweynaha, oo horeyba loo bixiyay, ayaa ugu dambeyntii la ansixiyay, iyada oo barnaamijka horay loo soo ururiyay oo u dhiganta isbeddellada bulsheed ee ka dhacay bulshada. Nooc cusub oo jilaa ah, "concert" virtuoso, ayaa la sameeyay; qaabka uu wax u soo bandhigo, solo k., ayaa laga shaqaynayaa; nooca barnaamijka la qabtay k. soloist oo la socda piano Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qeybtii 1aad. 19 gudaha. barnaamijka isku dhafka ah ee K. soloist - virtuoso instrumentalist ama heesaa, taas oo orkestra ka qayb qaatay, iwm. jilayaasha (ie. Mr. hareerayn). Foomkan waxa uu ahaa mid kala guur ah oo ka yimid waxqabadka soloist ee kaniisadda inta u dhaxaysa qaybo ka mid ah mass, oratorio, ama t-re, inta lagu jiro kala-goynta masraxa. wakiilladiisa, madax-bannaanidiisa K. - piano-violin-hogaamiyaha-bendum (Jarmal. piano-violin-heesaha- fiidkii). Dib ugu noqo dabayaaqadii 30aadkii. 19 gudaha. xitaa N. Paganini ayaa ku soo bandhigay dadkii la socday. Kaliya 40-kii. F. Liszt wuxuu ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee bixiya kali K., iyada oo aan ka qaybqaadashada kuwa kale. fannaaniinta. Kobaca muusiga. art-va iyo dhaqanka waxqabadka, faafinta K., horumarinta muses. Xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya wadamada ayaa ka qayb qaatay soo ifbaxa cusub, hanti-wadaaga. qaababka ururka conc. nolosha. Sannadkii 1880-kii ee Berlin G. Wolf ayaa aasaasay conc-kii ugu horreeyay. wakaalad bilawday in ay abaabusho bandhig faneedyo ku saabsan xaaladaha maaddiga qaarkood. Tani waxay calaamad u ahayd bilowga conc casriga ah. "warshad", kaas oo si gaar ah u horumariyay Maraykanka, halkaas oo ay jirto qadar aad u badan. wakaaladaha, impresario iyo maareeyayaasha qabanqaabiya K., safarro dibadda ah. farshaxanada. Qarnigii 19aad oo dhan TO. (Symphonic, Chamber, Solo) waxay noqonayaan kuwo aad u baahsan, taas oo waxqabadka Dec. nooc ka mid ah bulshooyinka muusikada ee ka jiray dhammaan Yurubta waaweyn. xarumaha dhaqanka. Markay tahay 19 in. Caannimada ugu weyn waxaa ku guuleystay heeso joogto ah. KU. Bulshada riwaayadaha ee Paris Conservatoire (main. sannadkii 1828-kii), K. Leipzig Gewandhaus, Vienna (main. 1842) iyo Berlin (main. 1882) philharmonic. orkestras, riwaayadaha Lamoureux ee Paris (main. sannadkii 1881kii), riwaayadihii London Promenade, iwm; qarnigii 20-aad - K. Boston (main. 1881) iyo Philadelphia (main. 1900kii) Orchestras, Orchestra BBC (London), Kooxda Paris Orchestra, iwm. Qeybtii 2-aad. 20 gudaha. calaamadaha ayaa si weyn loo isticmaalaa. iyo riwaayadaha qolka abaabulan ee qaab dhismeedka caalamiga ah. xafladaha barafka. Zarub wuxuu noqday mid caadi ah. safarada fanaaniinta waaweyn. ururrada (opera t-ditch, symphony. orkestras, qolalka qolalka, iwm.). Wadamo badan ayaa laga dhisayaa hoolal riwaayadeed oo qaadi kara daawadayaal badan. In ka hor-kacaanka Russia ayaa muhiimad weyn u leh horumarinta conc. nolosha iyo ururka symph. iyo chamberlain K. lahaa St. Petersburg Philharmonic Society, Moscow Philharmonic Society, iyo gaar ahaan Bulshada Muusigga Ruush, iyo sidoo kale conc. ururada sida "Concerts S. A. Koussevitzky" (1909-1914), "Concerts by A.

Isbeddellada aasaasiga ah ee conc. hawlaha ka dhacay USSR, halkaas oo ururka iyo hoggaanka conc. noloshu waxay ku jirtaa gacanta hantiwadaagga. gobolka-va. Sanadihii ugu horreeyay ee kacaanka kadib, qaababka mass cusub ee riwaayadaha ayaa ka kacay kulan riwaayadeed, "Corporation of Artists - Soloists of the Bolshoi T-ra" ee Moscow, Leningrad. heeso. Olympics buuraha. bandhig faneedka hiwaayadda muusiga (markii ugu horreysay waxaa la qabtay 1927, ilaa 100000 oo fannaaniin ah ayaa ka qaybqaatay qaar). Hagaha conc. nolosha USSR waxay ku urursan tahay gobolka. ururada riwaayadaha - Soyuzconcert, Rosconcert, Ukrconcert iyo kuwa kale, jamhuuriyadda, gobollada iyo magaalooyinka. philharmonics. In shaqadiisa, guumaysta conc. ururadu waxay ku salaysan yihiin mabaadi'da cusub. Dhaqdhaqaaqyada muusiga-waxbarashada iyo dhaqanka ayaa soo baxa. Ku. lagu abaabulo ma aha oo kaliya in conc. hoolalka magaalooyinka waaweyn, laakiin sidoo kale magaalooyinka yaryar, naadiyada, guryaha dhaqanka iyo aqoon-isweydaarsiyada dhirta iyo warshadaha, beeraha gobolka, beeraha wadajirka ah. Bulshooyinka philharmonic waxay qabtaan hawlo badan oo muusig iyo waxbarasho ah oo dhexmara dhegaystayaasha. Barnaamijyada K. ee la sharraxay ayaa la daabacay, buug-yaraha ayaa la daabacay (si loo caawiyo dhegeystaha), iyo kuwo kale oo badan. Philharmonics waxay leeyihiin hoolal muxaadaro joogto ah. Bulshooyinka philharmonic waxay leeyihiin soloists heerka koowaad ah iyo kooxaha wax qabad ee ku guuleystay sumcadda adduunka: Orchestra Symphony State ee USSR, Moscow Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra, Moscow. Kooxda Orchestra (oo la aasaasay 1956), Orchestra Symphony ee Leningrad Philharmonic, Hobolada Ruushka ee Gobolka ee USSR, Hobolada Ruushka ee Jamhuuriga, Quartet Quartet. Borodin (la aasaasay 1945);

Tixraacyo: Albrecht E., Dulmar guud ee hawlaha St. Petersburg Philharmonic Society, St. Petersburg, 1884; Bulshada Muusigga ee Imperial ee Ruushka. Laanta Moscow. Kulamada Symphony 1-500. Tusaha tirakoobka, M., 1899; Sanadguuradii 100aad ee St. Petersburg Philharmonic Society. 1802-1902, St. Petersburg, 1902 (oo wata liiska barnaamijyada riwaayadaha symphonic); Goobo ka mid ah kuwa jecel muusiga Ruushka. X (1896-1906), M., 1906 (oo wata liiska barnaamijyada riwaayadaha); Findeizen NF, Qoraal ku saabsan waxqabadyada laanta St. Petersburg ee Ururka Muusikada Ruushka ee Imperial (1859-1909), St. Riwaayadaha St. Petersburg ee A. Siloti. Barnaamijka riwaayadaha ee toban xilli (1909/1903-1904/1912), St. Petersburg, 1913; Ururka Philharmonic Waxbarashada Gobolka (Leningrad). Toban sano oo muusig symphonic ah. 1913-1917, L., 1927 (oo leh liis barnaamijyo ah); Leningrad Philharmonic. Maqaallo. Xusuus Qalabka, (sb.), L., 1928; Moscow State Philharmonic, M., 1972; Elwart AAE, Histoire de la Société des concerts du Conservatoire imperial de musique, P., 1973; Deldever EME, Histoire des riwaayadaha populaires, P., 1860; Brenet M. (Babilljer M.), Les riwaayadaha en France sous l Ancien régime, P., 1864; Rierre C., Le concert spirituel 1900 ilaa 1725, P., 1790; Bekker P., Das deutsche Musikleben, Stuttg. - V., 1900; Dandelot A., La Société des concerts du Conservatoire de 1916 a 1828, P., 1923; Meyer K., Das Konzert, ein Führer, Stuttg., 1923; Preussner E., Die bürgerliche Musikkultur, Hamb., 1925, "Kassel-Basel, 1935; Van der Wall W., Liepmann SM, Musik ee machadyada, NY, 1954; Maugé G., Concert, P., 1936; Gerhardt E., Recital, L., 1937; Bauer R., Das Konzert, B., 1953.

IM Yampolsky