Oda Abramovna Slobodskaya |

Oda Slobodskaya

Waxaa jira kiis marka odhaahda "da'da la mid ah Oktoobar" aysan u muuqan shaambad cufan oo badh ah oo la ilaaway xilligii Soofiyeedka, laakiin waxay qaadataa macno gaar ah. Waxey ku bilowdeen sidaan...

"Anigoo ku labisan khamiis qani ah, oo usha gacmaha ku sita, oo madaxayga uu saaran yahay taajkii Boqorka Isbaanishka, waxaan ka tagay cathedral ilaa fagaaraha… Rasaas ayaa si lama filaan ah u dhawaaqeysa. Anigoo ah boqor aan wax diidmo ah samayn, si adag ayaan u dhegaystaa - tani ma ii celinaysaa? Xabaddu waa soo noqnoqonaysaa. Laga soo bilaabo dhererka jaranjarada cathedral, waxaan ogaaday in dadku gariireen. Rasaasta saddexaad iyo tii afraad - midba midka kale ka dib. Aaggaygu waa bannaan yahay. Hoboladii iyo kuwii dheeriga ahaa waxay u dhaqaaqeen baalasha, iyagoo illoobay bidcadii, waxay billaabeen inay si weyn u falanqeeyaan qaabkii ay u ordi lahaayeen… Daqiiqad ka dib, dadkii ayaa dhabarka u cararay oo waxay sheegeen in madaafiicdu ay u duulayaan jihada ka soo horjeeda oo aysan jirin wax cabsi ah. Waxaan joognay masraxa waxaana sii wadnay ficilkii. Dadweynihii madasha joogay ayaa ku haray hoolka, iyaga oo sidoo kale garan la’ dariiqa loo ordayo, sidaas darteed waxa ay go’aansadeen in ay iska fadhiyaan.

Waa maxay sababta qoryaha? Waxaan waydiinay rasuulladii. - Oo tan, waad aragtaan, markabkii "Aurora" wuxuu duqeynayaa Qasriga Jiilaalka, kaas oo ay ku kulmaan Dowladda Ku-meel-gaarka ah ...

Qaybtan caanka ah ee laga soo xigtay xusuus-qorka Chaliapin "Maaskarada iyo nafta" qof walba waa uu garanayaa. Waxaa la og yahay in maalintan xusuusta leh, Oktoobar 25 (Noofambar 7), 1917, waxaa ka dhacay masraxa opera ee fannaanka da'da yar ee markaas aan la garanayn Oda Slobodskaya, oo sameeyay qaybta Elizabeth.

Immisa xirfado cajiib ah oo Ruush ah, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa heesa, ayaa lagu qasbay inay ka tagaan dhulkooda hooyo ka dib afgambigii Bolshevik hal sabab ama mid kale. Dhibaatooyinka nolosha Soofiyeedka ayaa noqday kuwo aan loo dulqaadan karin dad badan. Waxaa ka mid ah Slobodskaya.

Fanaanadu waxay ku dhalatay Vilna November 28, 1895. Waxay wax ku baratay St. Petersburg Conservatory, halkaas oo ay wax ku baratay fasalka codka ee N. Iretskaya iyo fasalka opera ee I. Ershov. Iyada oo weli arday ah, waxay ku qabatay Beethoven's 9-aad ee heesaha oo uu sameeyay Sergei Koussevitzky.

Ka dib markii ugu horeysay ee guul leh, fanaaniinta da'da yar ayaa sii waday inay ku qabtaan guriga dadka, waxaana ugu dhakhsaha badan u muuqday masraxa Mariinsky Theatre, halkaas oo ay ka dhigtay kulankiisii ​​​​ugu horeysay ee Lisa (ka mid ah doorarka kale ee sanadahaas waxay ahaayeen Masha ee Dubrovsky, Fevronia, Margarita. Boqoradda Shemakhan, Elena ee Mephistopheles). ). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, caan dhab ah u yimid Slobodskaya dibadda oo kaliya, halkaas oo ay ka tagay 1921.

Bishii Juun 3, 1922, bandhigga adduunka ee F. Stravinsky's Mavra ayaa ka dhacay Paris Grand Opera oo qayb ka ah ganacsiga Diaghilev, kaas oo heesaagu uu ciyaaray doorka ugu weyn ee Parasha. Elena Sadoven (Deris) iyo Stefan Belina-Skupevsky (Hussar) ayaa iyaguna ka heesay bandhigga. Waxay ahayd wax-soo-saarkan tan calaamad u ah bilawga mihnadda guusha leh ee heesaha.

Berlin, oo ay la socoto kooxda heesa ee Yukreeniyaan ee Waqooyiga iyo Koonfurta Ameerika, bandhigyada Mexico, Paris, London, Holland, Belgium - kuwani waa dhacdooyinka juqraafiyeed ee ugu muhiimsan taariikh nololeedkeeda hal abuurka ah. In 1931, 10 sano ka dib bandhigyo wadajir ah ee Petrograd, qaddar mar kale keenaya Slobodskaya iyo Chaliapin. Magaalada London, waxay kala qaybqaadataa isaga oo kala qayb galaya safarka kooxda opera A. Tsereteli, oo heesa qaybta Natasha ee "Mermaid".

Waxaa ka mid ah guulihii ugu muhiimsanaa ee Slobodskaya ee 1932 ee Covent Garden sida Venus ee Tannhauser oo ay weheliso L. Melchior, xilli ciyaareedkii 1933/34 ee La Scala (qayb ka mid ah Fevronia) iyo, ugu dambeyntii, ka qaybgalka filimka Ingiriisiga ee D. Shostakovich's opera "Lady Macbeth ee Degmada Mtsensk", oo ay samaysay 1936 A. Coates ee London (qayb Katerina Izmailova ah).

Sannadkii 1941-kii, markii ugu sarreysay dagaalka, Oda Slobodskaya waxay ka qayb qaadatay mashruuca Ingiriisiga ugu xiisaha badan, oo ay fulisay kaari caan ah, oo u dhashay Ruushka, Anatoly Fistulari *. Mussorgsky's Sorochinskaya Fair ayaa lagu soo bandhigay Masraxa Savoy. Slobodskaya wuxuu ku heesay doorka Parasi ee opera. Kira Vane ayaa sidoo kale ka qayb qaadatay mashruuca, iyada oo sharraxaysa wax soo saarkan si faahfaahsan xusuusteeda.

Iyadoo ay weheliso bandhigyada masraxa opera, Slobodskaya wuxuu si guul leh uga shaqeeyay raadiyaha, isagoo la shaqeynayay BBC. Waxay ka qayb qaadatay halkan waxqabadka Queen of Spades, oo fulinaysa qaybta Countess.

Dagaalka ka dib, heesaha ayaa inta badan ku noolaa oo ka shaqeeyay England, si firfircoon u qabtaan hawlaha riwaayadaha. Waxay ahayd turjumaan cajiib ah oo ka mid ah shaqooyinka qolka S. Rachmaninov, A. Grechaninov, I. Stravinsky iyo, gaar ahaan, N. Medtner, oo ay si isdaba joog ah u wada ciyaarayeen. Shaqada heesaaga waxaa lagu xafiday duubista shirkadaha gramophone-ka His Masters Voice, Saga, Decca (jaceylka Medtner, waxaa u shaqeeya Stravinsky, J. Sibelius, "Tatyana's Letter" iyo xitaa heesta M. Blanter ee "In the Front Forest"). Sannadkii 1983, tiro cajalado ah oo Slobodskaya ah ayaa lagu daabacay shirkadda Melodiya oo qayb ka ah saxanka qoraaga N. Medtner.

Slobodskaya waxay soo afjartay shaqadeeda 1960. Sannadkii 1961 waxay booqatay USSR, oo booqatay qaraabada Leningrad. Slobodskaya ninkeeda, duuliye, wuxuu dhintay intii lagu jiray dagaalkii Battle of England. Slobodskaya waxa uu ku dhintay July 30, 1970 ee London.

Fiiro gaar ah:

Anatoly Grigoryevich Fistulari (1907-1995) waxa uu ku dhashay Kyiv. Waxa uu wax ku bartay St. Waxa uu ahaa ilmo caan ah, markii uu da'diisu ahayd toddobo sano, wuxuu sameeyay riwaayad 6-aad ee Tchaikovsky oo leh orkester. 1929-kii ayuu ka tagay Ruushka. Ka qaybqaatay ganacsiyo kala duwan. Waxaa ka mid ah wax soo saarka opera Boris Godunov oo leh Chaliapin (1933), Barber of Seville (1933), Bandhigga Sorochinskaya (1941) iyo kuwa kale. Waxa uu la ciyaaray Ballet Ruush ee Monte Carlo, Orchestra Philharmonic London (ilaa 1943). Waxa kale oo uu ka soo shaqeeyay USA iyo New Zealand. Waxa uu guursaday gabadh uu dhalay Gustav Mahler Anna.

E. Tsodokov