Olivier Messiaen (Olivier Messiaen) |

Olivier Messien

… karaamada, Iftiinka iftiinka habeenkii Milicsiga shimbiraha aamusnaanta… O. Messieen

Laxamiistaha Faransiiska O. Messiaen wuxuu si sax ah u haystaa mid ka mid ah meelaha sharafta leh ee taariikhda dhaqanka muusiga ee qarnigii 11aad. Waxa uu ka dhashay qoys waxgarad ah. Aabihii waa af-Flemish, hooyadiina waa gabayaagii caanka ahaa ee Koonfurta Faransiiska Cecile Sauvage. Da'da 1930, Messiaen wuxuu ka tagay magaaladiisii ​​​​wuxuuna aaday inuu wax ka barto Paris Conservatory - isagoo ciyaaraya xubinta (M. Dupre), curinta (P. Dukas), taariikhda muusikada (M. Emmanuel). Ka dib markii uu ka qalin jabiyay konservatory (1936), Messiaen wuxuu qaatay booska maamulaha Kaniisadda Parisian ee Trinity Quduuska ah. 39-1942kii. wuxuu wax ku baray Ecole Normale de Musique, ka dibna Schola cantorum, tan iyo 1966 wuxuu wax ku barayay Conservatory Paris (is-waafajinta, falanqaynta muusikada, bilicda muusikada, cilmi-nafsiga muusikada, tan iyo 1936 borofisar halabuurka). Sannadkii 1940-kii, Messiaen, oo ay weheliyaan I. Baudrier, A. Jolivet iyo D. Lesure, waxay sameeyeen kooxda da'da yar ee Faransiiska, kuwaas oo u halgamay horumarinta caadooyinka qaranka, dareenka tooska ah iyo dareenka buuxa ee muusikada. "Faransiiska da'da yar" ayaa diiday waddooyinka neoclassicism, dodecaphony, iyo folklorism. Markii dagaalku qarxay, Messiaen wuxuu u baxay askari ahaan xagga hore, 41-1941. wuxuu ku jiray xero POW Jarmal ah oo ku taal Silesia; halkaas oo ah "Quartet for the End of Time" waxay ka kooban tahay violin, cello, clarinet iyo piano (XNUMX) iyo waxqabadkeedii ugu horreeyay ayaa halkaas ka dhacay.

Muddadii dagaalka ka dib, Messiaen waxa uu ku guulaystey aqoonsiga caalamiga ah ee laxamiistaha, waxa uu u qabtaa sidii organist iyo pianist (badanaa isaga iyo pianist Yvonne Loriot, ardaygiisa iyo lammaanaha nolosha), waxa ay qoraa shaqooyin badan oo ku saabsan aragtida muusikada. Ardayda Messiaen waxaa ka mid ah P. Boulez, K. Stockhausen, J. Xenakis.

Bilicda Messiaen waxay horumarisaa mabda'a aasaasiga ah ee kooxda "Young France", kaas oo ku baaqay in lagu soo celiyo muusikada degdegga ah ee muujinta dareenka. Waxaa ka mid ah ilaha stylistic ee shaqadiisa, laxamiistaha laftiisa ayaa magacyo, marka lagu daro sayidyada Faransiiska (C. Debussy), heeso Gregorian, heesaha Ruushka, muusikada dhaqanka bari (gaar ahaan, Hindiya), shimbiraha. Halabuurrada Messiaen waxaa ka buuxa iftiin, dhalaal dahsoon, waxay ku dhalaalayaan dhalaal midabyo dhawaaq dhalaalaya leh, isbarbardhig fudud laakiin lagu sifeeyay heesta cod-bixinta iyo sumcadda "cosmic" dhalaalaya ee dhalaalaya, dillaaca tamar kulul, codad deggan oo shimbiro ah, xitaa kooxda shimbiraha. iyo aamusnaanta farxadda leh ee nafta. Dunida Masiixa ma jirto meel loogu talagalay prosaism maalin kasta, xiisadda iyo khilaafaadka riwaayadaha aadanaha; Xataa xitaa sawirada xun, ee argagaxa leh ee dagaalladii ugu waynaa waligeed laguma qabsan muusiga Quartet-ka Dhammaadka. Diidmada hoose, dhinaca maalinlaha ah ee xaqiiqada, Messiaen wuxuu rabaa inuu xaqiijiyo qiyamka dhaqameed ee quruxda iyo is-waafajinta, dhaqanka ruuxiga ah ee ka soo horjeeda, oo aan "dib u soo celin" iyaga oo loo marayo nooc ka mid ah qaabaynta, laakiin si deeqsinimo leh u isticmaalaya casriga casriga ah iyo ku habboon. macnaha luqadda muusiga. Messiaen waxa uu u malaynayaa sawirada "waa'imka ah" ee diinta Katooliga iyo cosmology midabka midabka pantheistically. Isaga oo ku doodaya ujeeddada qarsoodiga ah ee muusiga sida "ficil iimaanka", Messiaen wuxuu ku siinayaa halabuurkiisa cinwaanno diimeed: "Aragti Aamiin" oo loogu talagalay laba biyaano (1943), "Saddex Liturgies Yaryar oo Joogitaanka Ilaaha ah" (1944), "Labaatan Aragti ee Ilmaha Ciise" ee biyaano (1944), "Mass at Bentecost" (1950), oratorio "Isbeddelka Rabbigeenna Ciise Masiix" (1969), "Shaaha sarakicidda kuwii dhintay" (1964, sannadguuradii 20aad dhamaadkii dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka). Xitaa shimbiraha heesahooda - codka dabeecadda - waxaa u tarjumay Masiixa si qarsoodi ah, waxay yihiin "adeegyada qaybaha aan alaabta ahayn"; sida macnaha heesta shimbiraha ee halabuurada " Baraaruga Shimbiraha" ee piano iyo orkestra (1953); "Shimbiraha qalaad" ee biyaano, garaaca iyo qolalka orchestra (1956); "Catalogue of Birds" ee biyaano (1956-58), "Blackbird" ee flute iyo biyaano (1951). Habka "shimbiraha" ee laxanka leh ayaa sidoo kale laga helaa halabuuro kale.

Messiaen sidoo kale wuxuu inta badan leeyahay xubno ka mid ah astaanta nambarada. Sidaa darteed, "saddex-midnimada" waxay ku dhex jirtaa "Saddexda Liturgies" - 3 qaybood oo wareeg ah, mid kasta oo ka mid ah saddex qaybood, saddex qaybood oo qalab ah oo timbre-qalab ah saddex jeer, kooxda heesaha haweenka ee midaysan ayaa mararka qaarkood loo qaybiyaa 3 qaybood.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dabeecadda sawirka muusiga ee Messiaen, dareenka Faransiiska ee sifo muusiggiisa, inta badan "fiiqan, kulul" muujinta, xisaabinta farsamada miyir-qabka ah ee laxamiistaha casriga ah ee dejiya qaab-dhismeedka muusikada madaxbannaan ee shaqadiisa - waxaas oo dhan waxay gashaa khilaaf gaar ah. oo leh hab-raacyada cinwaannada halabuurrada. Waxaa intaa dheer, mawduucyada diiniga ah waxaa laga helaa oo kaliya qaar ka mid ah shaqooyinka Messiaen (isaga laftiisa ayaa naftiisa ka helaya beddelka muusikada " saafi ah, cilmaani ah iyo fiqi ahaaneed "). Dhinacyada kale ee adduunkiisa jaantuska ah waxaa lagu soo qaatay halabuurrada sida heesta "Turangaila" ee biyaano iyo hirarka Martenot iyo orchestra ; "Chronochromia" ee orchestra (1946); "From the Gorge to the Stars" ee biyaano, gees iyo orchestra (48); "Todoba Haiku" ee piano iyo orkestra (1960); Afar Qaafiya (1974) iyo Siddeed Hordhac (1962) ee biyaano; Mawduuca iyo Kala duwanaanshaha Violin iyo Piano (1949); wareegga codka "Yaravi" (1929, ee folklore Peruvian, yaravi waa hees jacayl oo ku dhammaanaysa dhimashada kuwa jecel); "Fast of the Beautiful Waters" (1932) iyo "Laba monodies in quartertones" (1945) ee hirarka Martenot; "Laba koox oo ku saabsan Joan of Arc" (1937); Kanteyojaya, barashada laxanka ee biyaano (1938); "Timbres-mudada" (music la taaban karo, 1941), opera "Saint Francis of Assisi" (1948).

Fikradda muusikada, Messiaen wuxuu inta badan ku tiirsanaa shaqadiisa, laakiin sidoo kale shaqada muusikada kale (oo ay ku jiraan Ruushka, gaar ahaan, I. Stravinsky), heesaha Gregorian, sheeko-dhaqameed Ruush, iyo aragtida aragtida Hindida ee Qarnigii 1944-aad Sharngadevs. Buugga "Farsamada Luqadda Muusikada" (XNUMX), wuxuu qeexay aragtida hababka moodeelka ee xaddidan ee xaddidan iyo nidaamka casriga ah ee laxanka, oo muhiim u ah muusikada casriga ah. Muusigga Messiaen wuxuu si dabiici ah u fuliyaa isku xirka waqtiyada (ilaa qarniyadii dhexe) iyo isku dhafka dhaqamada Galbeedka iyo Bariga.

Y. Kholopov

Halabuurka:

heeso - Saddex liturgies yar yar oo joogitaanka rabbaaniga ah (Trois petites liturgies de la joogitaanka rabaani ah, waayo, koox dumar ah unison, piano solo, hirarka Martenot, xargaha, orc., iyo garaaca, 1944), Shan reshans (Cinq rechants, 1949), Trinity Mass of the Day (La Messe de la Pentecote, 1950), oratorio Isbeddelka Rabbigeenna (La beddelka du Notre Seigneur, ee heesaha, orchestra iyo qalabyada kali, 1969); Orchestra - Waxyaalaha la ilaaway (Les offrandes oublies, 1930), Heesta (1932), Kor u qaadidda (L'Ascension, 4 riwaayadaha symphonic, 1934), Chronochromia (1960); qalabka iyo orkestra - Turangalila Symphony (fp., hirarka Martenot, 1948), Baraaruga Shimbiraha (La reveil des oiseaux, fp., 1953), Shimbiraha Exotic (Les oiseaux exotiques, fp., percussion iyo qolalka orchestra, 1956), Seven Haiku (Sebtembar Hap-kap, fp., 1963); oo loogu talagalay band naxaas ah iyo garaacid – Waxaan shaah u qabaa sarakicidda kuwii dhintay (Et expectoትንሣኤem mortuorum, 1965, oo ay u xilsaartay dawladda Faransiiska sannad-guuradii 20-aad ee dhammaadkii Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka); qalabaynta qolka - Mawduuca kala duwan (loogu talagalay skr. iyo fp., 1932), Quartet dhamaadka wakhtiga for flute i fp., 1941); biyaano - wareeg ah labaatan aragtiyood oo ku saabsan ilmaha Ciise (Vingt regards sur l'enfant Jesus, 19444), daraasaadka laxanka (Quatre etudes de rythme, 1949-50), Buugga shimbiraha (Catalogue d'oiseaux, 7 buug, 1956-59 ; 2 biyaano - Aragtida Aamiin (Visions de l'Amen, 1943); xubnaha - Isku-xidhka jannada (Le banquet celeste, 1928), qolalka xubnaha, oo ay ku jiraan. Maalinta Kirismaska ​​(La nativite du Seigneur, 1935), Album Organ (Livre d'Orgue, 1951); cod iyo biyaano - Heesaha dhulka iyo cirka (Chants de terre et de ciel, 1938), Haravi (1945), iwm.

Buugaagta iyo daawaynta: 20 casharo ee solfeges casriga ah, P., 1933; Labaatan Cashar ee Harmony, P., 1939; Farsamada luuqadeyda muusiga, c. 1-2, P., 1944; Ku dawee laxanka, aayadda 1-2, P., 1948.

Shaqooyinka suugaanta: Shirkii Brussels, P., 1960kii.