biyaano, biyaano |

si sax ah u sakhraansan, itaal., shiday. - xasilloon; soo gaabinta p

Mid ka mid ah calaamadaha firfircoon ee ugu muhiimsan (eeg Dynamics). Macnaha, waa antipode in forte loogu talagalay. Oo ay la socoto Talyaani ereyga "R." wadamada Jarmalka. luqadda, leise magacaabista waxaa mararka qaarkood loo isticmaalaa, dalalka Ingiriisi. luqadda - jilicsan (abbr. so). In Russia in con. Qarnigii 17aad ereyga "amus" ayaa isla macne loo adeegsaday (oo laga helay qoraal-gacmeedyo heeso ah). Muusigga-heerarka-badan iyo shaqooyinka "qaabka riwaayadaha," macnaha R. inta badan wuxuu helay dhawaaq-soo-jeedin (eeg Echo). Magacyada piano iyo forte waxaa markii ugu horeysay isticmaalay G. Gabrieli (1597). Kala soocida R. waa pianissimo magacaabista (pianissimo, si sax ah pianissimo, Talyaani, ka piu piano ama biyaano, lit. - aad u aamusan, magacaabista la soo gaabiyey - pp). Dhexdhexaad u dhexeeya R. iyo pianissimo firfircoon. hadh - mezzopiano (mezzopiano, si sax ah mezzopiano, Talyaani, iftiin - aan aad u aamusnayn). Qarnigii 19aad magacaabista fortepiano (piano, si sax ah piano, Talyaani, loo soo gaabiyo - fp) ayaa ahayd mid baahsan, oo qeexaysa waxqabadka codka la siiyay (chord) forte oo leh isbeddel degdeg ah ka dib codka R. Later, ereyga sforzando waxa la bilaabay in loo isticmaalo in lagu tilmaamo isbedel degdeg ah oo ka yimid forte ilaa R. Dib u soo noqoshada qarnigii 18aad ereyga "R." Waxa kale oo loo adeegsaday talyaaniga oo caddeeyey. qeexitaanno ay ka mid yihiin meno (mino – ka yar), molto (multo – aad), roso (puko – quite), quasi (kubzi – ku dhawaad), iwm. Qarnigii 19-aad. Halabuurayaashu waxay bilaabeen inay miciin bidaan tilmaamo heerar qaylo ah oo ka yar mezzoforte - ilaa rrrrrr (ciyaaraha "Autumn" ee wareegga pianoforte "Xiliyada" ee PI Tchaikovsky).