Symphonism

Symphonism waa fikrad guud oo laga soo qaatay ereyga "syphony" (eeg Symphony), laakiin aan lagu aqoonsan. Dareenka ugu ballaadhan, symphonism waa mabda'a faneed ee falsafada guud ee milicsiga lahjad ee nolosha ee fanka muusiga.

Symphony sida bilicsanaanta mabda'a waxaa lagu gartaa in diirada la saaro dhibaatooyinka asaasiga ah ee jiritaanka aadanaha ee kala-baxa. dhinacyada (bulsho-taariikheed, shucuureed-nafsi, iwm.). Dareenkan, symphonism-ku waxa uu la xidhiidha dhinaca fikirka iyo nuxurka muusigga. Isla mar ahaantaana, fikradda "symphonism" waxaa ka mid ah tayada gaarka ah ee ururka gudaha ee muuska. wax soo saarka, riwaayadiisa, qaabaynta. Xaaladdan oo kale, sifooyinka symphonism yimaado hor sida hab in si gaar ah si qoto dheer oo wax ku ool ah u muujin kartaa hababka samaynta iyo koritaanka, halganka mabaadi'da iska hor imanaya iyada oo loo marayo intonational-mawduucyada. isbarbardhigga iyo isku xidhka, firfircoonida iyo organicity muses. horumarka, tayadeeda. natiijo.

Horumarinta fikradda "symphonism" waa mudnaanta muusiga Soofiyeedka, iyo ka sarreeya BV Asafiev, oo u soo bandhigay qayb ka mid ah muusikada. fekeraya. Markii ugu horeysay, Asafiev wuxuu soo bandhigay fikradda symphonism ee maqaalka "Hababka Mustaqbalka" (1918), isaga oo qeexaya nuxurkiisa "sii socoshada miyir-qabka muusikada, marka aan hal element oo keliya la fikirin ama loo aqoonsan yahay mid madaxbannaan inta kale. ” Ka dib, Asafiev wuxuu horumariyay aasaaska aragtida symphonism ee hadaladiisa ku saabsan L. Beethoven, wuxuu ka shaqeeyaa PI Tchaikovsky, MI Glinka, daraasadda "Foomka Muusikada sida Geeddi-socod", oo muujinaya in symphonism uu yahay "kacaan weyn oo miyirka iyo farsamada ah. laxamiistaha, … waagii horumarka madax-banaanida ee muusiga fikradaha iyo fikradaha la qaddariyo ee aadanaha ”(BV Asafiev, “Glinka”, 1947). Fikradaha Asafiev ayaa aasaas u ah daraasadda dhibaatooyinka symphonism ee guumaystaha kale. qorayaasha.

Symphonism waa qayb taariikhi ah oo soo martay geeddi-socod dheer oo dhismo ah, oo la hawlgeliyay xilligii iftiiminta classicism ee la xidhiidha crystallization ee wareegga sonata-symphony iyo foomamka caadiga ah. Habkan, muhiimada dugsiga qadiimiga ah ee Viennese ayaa si gaar ah u weyn. boodboodka muhiimka ah ee qabsashadii hab-feker cusub waxay dhacday horraantii qarniyadii 18-aad iyo 19-aad. Ka dib markii ay heshay dhiirigelin xoog leh fikradaha iyo guulaha Faransiiska Weyn. kacaankii 1789-94, ee horumarinta iyada. falsafada, taas oo si go'aan ah u jeestay dhinaca lahjadaha (horumarinta fikirka falsafada iyo bilicsanaanta laga soo bilaabo curiyeyaasha lahjadaha ee I. Kant ilaa GWF Hegel), S. wuxuu xoogga saaray shaqadii Beethoven wuxuuna noqday saldhigga fankiisa. fekeraya. S. hab ahaan ayaa si weyn loo horumariyey qarniyadii 19aad iyo 20aad.

S. waa fikrado heerar badan leh, oo la xidhiidha tiro ka mid ah bilicda guud ee kale. iyo fikradaha aragtiyeed, iyo in ka badan oo dhan la fikradda music. riwaayado. Muujinteeda ugu waxtarka badan, ee xoogga leh (tusaale ahaan, Beethoven, Tchaikovsky), S. waxay ka tarjumaysaa qaababka riwaayadaha (is khilaafsan, koritaankeeda, u gudubta marxaladda khilaafka, ugu sarreeya, xallinta). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, guud ahaan, S. waa mid toos ah. fikradda guud ee "Riwaayadda", oo ka dul taagan riwaayadda sida S. ee ka sarreeya heesaha, waxay leedahay xiriir. Calaamadaha habka waxaa lagu muujiyey iyada oo loo marayo tan ama nooca muses. riwaayadaha, ie, nidaamka isdhexgalka ee sawirada horumarkooda, concretizing dabeecadda isbarbardhigga iyo midnimada, isku xigxiga marxaladaha ficilka iyo natiijada. Isla mar ahaantaana, riwaayadaha riwaayadaha, halkaas oo aysan jirin goob toos ah, jilayaasha-jilayaasha, isku-duubnidaani waxay ku sii jirtaa qaab-dhismeedka muusiko-guud (marka maqnaanshaha barnaamij, qoraal afka ah).

Noocyada muusiga. riwaayaddu way kala duwanaan kartaa, laakiin in mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah la gaadhsiiyo heerka fanka. hababka ayaa loo baahan yahay. tayada. Calaamadaha horumarku waxa uu noqon karaa mid degdeg ah oo aad u khilaafa ama, caksigeeda, gaabis iyo tartiib tartiib ah, laakiin had iyo jeer waa hab lagu gaaro natiijo cusub, oo ka tarjumaysa dhaqdhaqaaqa nolosha lafteeda.

Horumarinta, taas oo ah nuxurka S., waxay ku lug leedahay oo kaliya habka joogtada ah ee cusboonaysiinta, laakiin sidoo kale muhiimadda tayada. isbeddellada muusikada asalka ah. fikradaha (mawduucyada ama mawduucyada), sifooyinka ku jira. Si ka duwan isugeynta suite ee mawduucyada is-barbardhiga-sawirrada, isku-duubnidooda, ee fannaanka. Dramaturgy waxaa lagu gartaa caqli-gal (jiho), kaas oo weji kasta oo xiga - ka duwanaansho ama ku celcelin heer cusub ah - uu raacayo kii hore sida "kale" (Hegel), horumarinta "spiral". Dhaqdhaqaaqa "jihada qaabka" ayaa loo abuuray natiijada, natiijada, sii wadida samaynteeda, " naga soo jiidanaya si aan daal lahayn oo ka mid ah xarun ilaa xarun, laga bilaabo guusha ilaa guusha - ilaa dhamaystirka ugu dambeeya" (Igor Glebov, 1922). Mid ka mid ah noocyada ugu muhiimsan ee symphony. riwaayaddu waxay ku salaysan tahay isku dhaca iyo horumarinta mabaadi'da iska soo horjeeda. Xiisaddu way kordheysaa, meesha ugu sarreysa iyo hoos u dhaca, isbarbardhigga iyo aqoonsiga, isku dhaca iyo xalinteedu waxay ka kooban yihiin nidaam xiriir ah oo firfircoon, ujeeddadiisuna waxay ku nuuxnuuxsatay af-garanwaa. isku xidhka-arches, habka "ka gudubka" ugu sarreeya, iwm. Habka calaamadaha. horumarka halkan waa kan ugu lahjadda ugu badan, caqligiisu asal ahaan wuxuu ka hooseeyaa saddex-geesoodka: tesis - antithesis - synthesis. Muujinta xoogga leh ee lahjadda symph. habka - fp. Sonata No. 23 by Beethoven, riwaayad sonata-riwaayad, oo ay ku dheehan tahay fikradda geesinimada. halgan. Qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee qaybta 1aad waxay ka kooban tahay awood dhammaan sawirada is-barbardhiga ah, kuwaas oo hadhow soo gala iska hor imaadka midba midka kale (mabda'a "qofka kale"), daraasaddooduna waxay samaysaa wareegyo gudaha ah oo korriin ah (muujin, korriin, celin) in kororka laakiin xiisadda, taasoo horseedaysa heerkii ugu dambeeyay - isku dhafka mabaadi'da isku dhaca ee xeerka. Heer cusub, caqli-galnimada riwaayadaha. Isbarbardhigga dhaqdhaqaaqa 1aad wuxuu ka muuqdaa halabuurka sonata guud ahaan (isku xirka Andante weyn ee sare iyo qaybta dhinaca dhaqdhaqaaqa 1aad, dabayl dabayl ah oo leh qaybta ugu dambeysa). Lahjadda ka duwanaanshaha soojiidasho ee noocan oo kale ah waa mabda'a hoostagaya astaanta. Beethoven fikirkiisa. Waxa uu miisaan gaar ah ka gaadhay riwaayadiisa halyeyga ah. symphonies - 5aad iyo 9aad. Tusaalaha ugu cadcad ee S. ee dhanka jaceylka. sonatas - Chopin's b-moll sonata, sidoo kale ku salaysan horumarinta riwaayadaha. khilaafka qaybta 1aad ee wareegga oo dhan (si kastaba ha ahaatee, oo leh jihada ka duwan ee koorsada guud ee horumarinta marka loo eego Beethoven - maaha dhinaca dhamaadka geesinimada - dhamaadka, laakiin dhinaca epilogue gaaban oo naxdin leh).

Sida ereyga laftiisa uu muujinayo, S. wuxuu soo koobayaa qaababka ugu muhiimsan ee loo soo koobay sonata-symphony. wareegga iyo muusigga. qaababka qaybaheeda (taas oo, markeeda, nuugay hababka kala duwan ee horumarinta ee ku jira qaabab kale, tusaale ahaan, kala duwanaansho, polyphonic), - maldahan-mawduucyada. fiirsashada, inta badan ee 2 spheres polar, isku-tiirsanaanta isbarbardhigga iyo midnimada, ujeedo horumarinta ka duwan si ay u synthesis. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, fikradda S. sinaba looma dhimin nidaamka sonata; calaamad habka waa ka baxsan xadka. noocyada iyo foomamka, sida ugu badan ee muujinaya sifooyinka lagama maarmaanka ah ee muusiga guud ahaan sida habraaca, farshaxanka ku meel gaarka ah (fikirka Asafiev, oo tixgelinaya qaabka muusikada sida habka, waa tilmaan). S. wuxuu ka helaa muujinta kuwa ugu kala duwan. noocyada iyo foomamka - laga bilaabo symphony, opera, ballet ilaa jacayl ama instr yar. riwaayadaha (tusaale ahaan, Jaceylka Tchaikovsky "Mar kale, sidii hore..." ama Chopin's prelude in d-moll waxaa lagu gartaa kororka dareenka dareenka iyo dareenka nafsiga ah, taasoo keenaysa heer sare), laga bilaabo sonata, kala duwanaansho weyn ilaa strophic yar. foomamka (tusaale ahaan, heesta Schubert ee "Double").

Wuxuu si xaq ah ugu yeeray kala duwanaanshihiisa kala duwanaanshaha piano-ga. R. Schumann (kadib wuxuu sidoo kale magacaabay kala duwanaanshihiisa piano iyo orkestra S. Frank). Tusaalooyinka muuqda ee heesaha noocyada kala duwan ee ku salaysan mabda'a horumarinta firfircoon ee sawirada waa finalka Beethoven's 3rd iyo 9th symphonies, passacaglia final ee Brahms's 4th symphony, Ravel's Bolero, passacaglia ee sonata-symphony. wareegyada DD Shostakovich.

Calaamadaha Habka waxa kale oo lagu muujiyaa cod-bixin weyn. noocyada; Sidaa darteed, horumarinta fikradaha nolosha iyo dhimashada ee Bach's h-moll mass waa symphonic marka la eego fiirsashada: antithesis ee images aan la fulin halkan by sonata ka dhigan tahay, si kastaba ha ahaatee, xoogga iyo dabeecadda isbarbardhigga innational iyo tonal karaa lagu soo dhawaado sonatas. Kuma koobna dulsaarka (oo ah qaabka sonata) ee Mozart's S. opera Don Giovanni, riwaayadda taas oo ay la socoto isku dhac firfircoon oo xiiso leh oo jacaylka Renaissance ee nolosha iyo naxdinta naxdinta leh ee xoogga dhagaxa, ciqaabta. Deep S. "Boqoradda Spades" by Tchaikovsky, oo ka soo horjeeda jacaylka jacaylka iyo xiisaha-ciyaaraha, nafsiyan "dood" oo hagaya dhammaan koorsada riwaayadaha. horumar ilaa musiibo. diidmo. Tusaalaha ka soo horjeeda ee S., oo lagu muujiyey riwaayad aan ahayn laba-centric, laakiin nidaam keli ah, waa opera Wagner ee Tristan iyo Isolde, iyada oo ay sii socoto xiisadda shucuureed ee sida xun u koraysa, taas oo aan lahayn wax xalin ah iyo hoos u dhac. Horumarka oo dhan ee ka soo baxa bilawga bilawga ah - "sprout" wuxuu ka dhashay fikradda ka soo horjeeda "Queen of Spades" - fikradda isku dhafka lama huraanka ah ee jacaylka iyo dhimashada. Def. tayada S., lagu muujiyay melodic organic dhif ah. koritaanka, in yar oo wok ah. foomka, waxa uu ka kooban yahay aria "Casta diva" ee opera "Norma" by Bellini. Sidaa darteed, S. ee nooca opera, tusaalooyinka ugu quruxda badan ee ku jira shaqada riwaayadaha opera - WA Mozart iyo MI Glinka, J. Verdi, R. Wagner, PI Tchaikovsky iyo MP Mussorgsky, SS Prokofiev iyo DD Shostakovich - sinaba looma dhimin orc. muusik. In opera, sida symphony. prod., Shuruucda fiirsashada muses ayaa khuseeya. riwaayado ku salaysan fikrad guud oo la taaban karo (tusaale ahaan, fikradda geesiga dadweynaha ee Glinka's Ivan Susanin, masiirka naxdinta leh ee dadka ku nool Mussorgsky's Khovanshchina), dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqdhaqaaqa, kaas oo sameeya guntinnada isku dhaca (gaar ahaan). oo isugu jira) iyo xalintooda. Mid ka mid ah astaamaha muhiimka ah iyo astaamaha cilmaaninimada ee opera waa dhaqangelinta iyo dhaqangelinta joogtada ah ee mabda'a leitmotif (eeg Leitmotif). Mabda'aani wuxuu badanaa u koraa inuu noqdo nidaam dhan oo soo noqnoqonaya. qaab-dhismeedka, is-dhexgalka kaas oo iyo isbeddelkooda ay muujinayaan xoogaga riwaayadaha, xiriirka qoto dheer ee sabab-iyo-saameynta ciidamadan (sida riwaayadaha). Qaab gaar ah u horumarsan, symph. Abaabulka riwaayadaha iyadoo la adeegsanayo nidaamka leitmotif ayaa lagu muujiyay operas Wagner.

Calaamadaha lagu garto. Habka, qaababkeeda gaarka ah aad ayey u kala duwan yihiin. In wax soo saarka noocyo kala duwan, styles, lstorich. waayaha iyo dugsiyada qaranka ee qorshaha 1aad waa kuwa ama sifooyinka kale ee symph. habka - qarxinta isku dhaca, fiiqan isbarbardhigga ama koritaanka organic, midnimada iska soo horjeeda (ama kala duwanaanta midnimada), dhaqdhaqaaqa xoogga leh ee geeddi-socodka ama kala firdhintiisa, tartiib tartiib ah. Farqiga u dhexeeya hababka symphony. Horumarka ayaa si gaar ah loogu dhawaaqaa marka la barbardhigo riwaayadaha isku dhaca. iyo hal-ku-dheg-heeseed. noocyada calaamadaha. riwaayado. Sawiridda xariiq u dhexeeya noocyada taariikhiga ah ee calaamadaha. dramaturgy, II Sollertinsky mid ka mid ah wuxuu u yeedhay Shakespearean, wada hadal (L. Beethoven), ka kale - monologue (F. Schubert). In kasta oo ay caan ku tahay kala-soociddan oo kale, haddana waxa ay muujinaysaa laba arrimood oo muhiim ah oo dhacdada ah: S. oo ah riwaayad isku dhac ah. fal iyo S. gabay ahaan. ama xiniinyaha. sheeko. Hal kiis, dhaqdhaqaaqyada isbarbardhigga, iska soo horjeeda, ayaa ku jira safka hore, dhinaca kale, kobaca gudaha, midnimada horumarinta dareenka sawirada ama laantooda badan ee kanaalka (epic S.); Mid ka mid ah - xoogga saaraya mabaadi'da sonata riwaayadaha, ujeedo-mawduucyada. horumarinta, wadahadalka iskahorimaadka mabaadi'da is khilaafaya (calaamadaha Beethoven, Tchaikovsky, Shostakovich), mid kale - kala duwanaansho, biqilka tartiib tartiib ah ee hindisooyin cusub. qaababka, sida, tusaale ahaan, in sonatas iyo symphonies ee Schubert, iyo sidoo kale in badan oo kale. prod. I. Brahms, A. Bruckner, SV Rachmaninov, SS Prokofiev.

Kala duwanaanshaha noocyada symphony. riwaayadda waxaa sidoo kale lagu go'aamiyaa haddii ay ku badan tahay caqli-gal adag ama xorriyadda qaraabada ee koorsada guud ee horumarka (sida, tusaale ahaan, gabayada heesaha ee Liszt, ballads Chopin's iyo fantasies ee f-moll), haddii ficilka la geynayo sonata -symphony. wareeg ama ku urursan qaab hal qayb ah (eeg tusaale ahaan, hal qayb oo waaweyn oo ay qabato Liszt). Iyada oo ku xidhan nuxurka iyo astaamaha muusigga. riwaayad, waxaan ka hadli karnaa Dec. noocyada S. - riwaayado, heeso, sheeko, nooc, iwm.

Heerka isku-dhafan ee farshaxanka fikradeed. fikradaha wax soo saarka. iyadoo la kaashanayo ereyga, dabeecadda isku xirka associative ee muuska. sawirada leh ifafaalaha nolosha ayaa go'aamiya kala duwanaanshaha S. ee barnaamijka iyo kuwa aan barnaamijka ahayn, oo inta badan isku xiran (symphonism by Tchaikovsky, Shostakovich, A. Honegger).

Daraasadda noocyada S., su'aasha muujinta ee heesaha waa muhiim. fikirka mabda'a masraxa - ma aha oo kaliya in la xidhiidha sharciyada guud ee riwaayadaha, laakiin mararka qaarkood si gaar ah, in nooc ka mid ah shirqool gudaha, "fabularity" ee symphonies. horumarinta (tusaale ahaan, shaqada G. Berlioz iyo G. Mahler) ama sifaynta masraxa ee qaab-dhismeedka maldahan (calaamadaha by Prokofiev, Stravinsky).

Noocyada S. waxay muujinayaan isdhexgalka dhow ee midba midka kale. Haa, riwaayad S. qarnigii 19aad. lagu horumariyay jihooyinka geesi-ma-jileeca (Beethoven) iyo lyrical-riwaayad (dhammaadka xariiqan waa astaanta Tchaikovsky). Muusigga Australiya wuxuu krayray nooca lyric-epic S., oo ka socda heesaha C-dur ee Schubert ilaa shaqada. Brahms iyo Bruckner. Hal-abuurka iyo riwaayadaha ayaa is-dhexgal ku sameeya fannaanka Mahler. Isku-dubaridka hal-abuurka, hiddaha iyo heesaha ayaa aad ugu sifada Ruushka. classical S. (MI Glinka, AP Borodin, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, AK Glazunov), taas oo ay sabab u tahay Ruush. nat. mawduucyo, curiye laxan. hees, cod sawir. Decomp synthesis noocyada calaamadaha. riwaayado - isbeddel ku soo koraya qaab cusub qarnigii 20aad. Sidaa darteed, tusaale ahaan, Shostakovich's symphonism madaniga- falsafada ah ayaa soo saaray ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan noocyada symphonies ee taariikh ahaan isaga ka horreeyay. riwaayado iyada oo si gaar ah xoogga loo saaray isku dhafka riwaayadaha iyo hal-abuurka. Qarnigii 20aad S. sida mabda'a muusikada. fekerka ayaa si gaar ah u soo bandhigaya sifooyinka noocyada kale ee farshaxanka, oo lagu garto qaababka cusub ee xiriirka ereyga, oo leh masraxa. ficil, assimilating farsamooyinka filimada. dramaturgy (taas oo inta badan keenta in diiradda saarid, hoos u dhac ku saabsan saamiga macquulnimada symphonic saxda ah ee shaqada), iwm. Aan la dhimi karin qaacido aan mugdi ku jirin, S. sida qayb ka mid ah muses. Fikirka waxaa lagu muujiyaa fursado cusub xilli kasta oo horumarkiisa ah.

Tixraacyo: Serov A. N., Beethoven's Symphony's Sagaalaad, wax ku biirinteeda iyo macnaha, "Modern Chronicle", 1868, May 12, isku mid ah ed.: Izbr. maqaallo iwm. 1, M.-L., 1950; Asafiev B. (Igor Glebov), Wadooyinka Mustaqbalka, gudaha: Melos, Maya. 2 St. Petersburg, 1918; isaga u gaar ah, Tchaikovsky's Instrumental Works, P., 1922, isku mid, ee buugga: Asafiev B., About Tchaikovsky's Music, L., 1972; isaga, Symphonism sida dhibaatada musicology casriga ah, ee buugga: Becker P., Symphony ka Beethoven ilaa Mahler, trans. ed. IYO. Glebova, L., 1926; isaga u gaar ah, Beethoven, ee ururinta: Beethoven (1827-1927), L., 1927, isku mid, ee buugga: Asafiev B., Izbr. shaqeeya, ie 4, M., 1955; kiisa, Foomka Muusiga ee Geedi socod ahaan, Vol. 1, M., 1930, buug 2, M., 1947, (buugga 1-2), L., 1971; isaga u gaar ah, Xusuusta Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, L.-M., 1940, isku mid, buugga: Asafiev B., O Tchaikovsky's music, L., 1972; isaga u gaar ah, Laxanka-riwaayadaha - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, ee buugiisa: Izbr. shaqeeya, ie 2, M., 1954; la mid ah, kitaabka: B. Asafiev, oo ku saabsan muusigga Tchaikovsky, L., 1972; isaga, On Jihada Foomka ee Tchaikovsky, ee Sat: Muusigga Soofiyeedka, Sat. 3, M.-L., 1945, isaga u gaar ah, Glinka, M., 1947, isku mid, ee buugga: Asafiev B., Izbr. shaqeeya, ie 1, M., 1952; isaga u gaar ah, "Enchantress The". Opera P. IYO. Tchaikovsky, M.-L., 1947, isku mid, ee buugga: Asafiev B., Izbr. shaqeeya, ie 2, M., 1954; Alschwang A., Beethoven, M., 1940; isaga u gaar ah, Beethoven's Symphony, Fav. op., vol. 2, M., 1965; Danylevich L. V., Symphony sida riwaayadaha muusiga, ee buugga: Su'aalaha Muusiga, buug-sannadeedka, Maya. 2, M., 1955; Sollertinsky I. I., Noocyada taariikhiga ah ee riwaayadaha riwaayadaha, ee buugiisa: Cilmi-baarista muusikada iyo taariikhda, L., 1956; Nikolaeva N. S., Symphonies P. IYO. Tchaikovsky, M., 1958; iyada, Habka Symphonic Beethoven, ee buugga: Muusikada Kacaanka Faransiiska ee qarnigii XVIII. Beethoven, M., 1967; Mazel L. A., Qaar ka mid ah sifooyinka halabuurka ee qaababka bilaashka ah ee Chopin, ee buugga: Fryderyk Chopin, M., 1960; Kremlev Yu. A., Beethoven iyo Dhibaatada Muusiga Shakespeare, gudaha: Shakespeare iyo Muusiga, L., 1964; Slonimsky S., Symphonies Prokofieva, M.-L., 1964, ch. mid; Yarustovsky B. M., Symphonies ku saabsan dagaalka iyo nabadda, M., 1966; Konen V. D., Masraxa iyo Symphony, M., 1968; Tarakanov M. E., Habka heesaha Prokofiev. Cilmi-baaris, M., 1968; Protopov V. V., Mabaadi'da Beethoven ee qaabka muusiga. Sonata-symphonic cycle ama. 1-81, M., 1970; Klimovitsky A., Selivanov V., Beethoven iyo Kacaanka Falsafada ee Jarmalka, buuga: Su'aalaha Aragtida iyo Quruxda Muusiga, vol. 10, L., 1971; Lunacharsky A. V., Buug cusub oo ku saabsan muusiga, oo ku jira buugga: Lunacharsky A. V., Dunida muusiga, M., 1971; Ordzhonikidze G. Sh., Su'aasha lahjadda fikradda dhagaxa ee muusiga Beethoven, gudaha: Beethoven, vol. 2, M., 1972; Ryzhkin I. Ya., Riwaayadda qisaasta ee Beethoven Zuckerman V. A., Firfircoonaanta Beethoven ee qaab-dhismeedkeeda iyo muujinteeda, ibid.; Skrebkov S. S., Mabaadi'da farshaxanka ee qaababka muusikada, M., 1973; Barsova I. A., Symphonies of Gustav Mahler, M., 1975; Donadze V. G., Symphonies of Schubert, ee buugga: Music of Austria iyo Germany, buug. 1, M., 1975; Sabinina M. D., Shostakovich-symphonist, M., 1976; Chernova T. Yu., Ku saabsan fikradda riwaayadaha ee muusiga qalabka, ee: Fanka muusiga iyo sayniska, vol. 3, M., 1978; Schmitz A., "Laba mabda'a" ee Beethoven…, ee buugga: Dhibaatooyinka qaabka Beethoven, M., 1932; Rollan R. Beethoven Waayihii halabuurnimo ee weynaa. Laga soo bilaabo "Heroic" ilaa "Appassionata", La ururiyay. op., vol. 15, L., 1933); isku mid, isku mid, (ch. 4) - Cathedral aan dhammayn: Sagaalaad Symphony. Majaajilada dhammaatay. Coll.

HS Nikolaeva