Habka codka rubuc |

Habka rubuc-tone, muusiga rubuc-tone

Jarmal Vierteltonmusik, Ingiriis. Muusig rubuc-tone ah, muusig Faransiis ah en quarts de ton, itaal. musica a quarti di tono

Nooca ugu caansan ee microchromatics, nidaamka codka (interval), oo miisaankiisu ka kooban yahay dhawaaqyo loo habeeyey rubuc tones. Octave ilaa Ch. waxaa ka mid ah 24 cod oo heersare ah (sida uu qeexay MV Matyushin, "Nidaamka laba-kormatismka"). Si gaar ah. Ch. s intervals, marka lagu daro dhawaaqyada rubuc-dhamaadka fudud, waxaa ku jira kala duwanaansho (isku dhafan) dhexda yar - 3/4 tones, 5/4 tone, 7/4 tone, iwm. Marka la xuso microtones Ch. jilayaal gaar ah ayaa la adeegsadaa (eeg shaxda).

Waxa kale oo jira furayaal gaar ah:

("Furaha sare") - waxqabadka mid ka mid ah qaybaha cutubka 1/4 dhawaaq ka sarreeya,

("furaha hoose") - 1/4 dhawaaq hoose. Noocyada ugu caansan ee tarjumaadda chis waa: melismatic (microtones sida qurxinta melodic, heesida aasaaska aasaasiga ah), talaabsan (microtones sida madax-bannaan iyo tallaabooyin siman oo nidaamka), sonoristic (microtones oo qayb ka ah dhismooyinka timbre-dhawaaqa loo isticmaalo sida unugyo yaryar oo madaxbannaan; eeg Sonorism).

Qaybaha Ch. asal ahaan u soo baxay muusig. ku-dhaqanka waxaana loo aqoonsaday aragti ahaan waayihii hore inay yihiin dhex-dhexadyo-inharmonic. genus (eeg Enarmonics). Dhawaaqyada rubuc-qarniga ayaa lagu turjumay horraanta laxanka. melismatically. (Tusaale ahaan Giriiggii hore ee "enbrmona", fiiri maqaalka Melodiya) Dhexdhexaadinta Ch. waxaa loo isticmaalaa muusiga dhaqameed ee tiro ka mid ah Bariga. dadyowga (Carab, Turki, Iiraaniyiin).

Qarniyadii dhexe, canaasiirta Ch. marmarka qaarkood waxaa loo helaa qeylo dhaanta qadiimiga ah. enarmonics. Isku dayga lagu wareejinayo frets Giriigga (iyo genera) casriga ah. dhaqanka waxaa keenay qaar ka mid ah fanaaniinta qarniyadii 16-17aad. Isticmaalka dhawaaqyada rubuc-qarniga (tarjumaadda melismatic, eeg shaxda, iyo sidoo kale kan la tallaabsaday, eeg tusaalaha tiirka 524). Habeenkii qarnigii 20aad waxaa lagu asteeyay mowjad cusub oo xiiso leh Ch. iyo guud ahaan microchromatics (kuwa hore waxaa ka mid ah tijaabooyinka AJ Gruss). Sannadkii 1892-kii buug uu qoray GA Behrens-Zenegalden oo ku saabsan Ch. (oo horeba loo tarjumey dareenka cusub, sida nidaamka 24-tilaabo), kaas oo qalab u dhigma ("achromatisches Klavier") ayaa sidoo kale la soo jeediyay, 1898 J. Fulds wuxuu ka kooban yahay xargaha rubuc-tone quartet. 1900-1910kii. ilaa Ch. Halabuurayaasha R. Stein, W. Möllendorff, IA Vyshnegradsky, C. Ives, iyo kuwa kale ayaa codsaday. Laxamiistaha Czech iyo aragtiyaha A. Khaba. Isla mar ahaantaana, kii ugu horreeyay wuxuu ka shaqeeyaa Ch. ee Ruushka (MV Matyushin, AS Lurie). 20kii. Qarnigii 20aad Ch. s. wax bartay oo si halabuur leh u yaqaan guumaystaha. laxamiistaha iyo aragtiyaha (compositions by GM Rimsky-Korsakov, AA Kenel, NA Malakhovskii; shuqullada teori GM Rimsky-Korsakov, VM Belyaev, AM Avraamov iyo kuwa kale). Codsiga kala duwan ee Ch. helay ka dib dagaalkii 2aad ee aduunka 1939-45: in qaab-dhismeedka casriga ah. tonality chromatic (12 semitones waxay sameeyaan nooc ka mid ah "diatonic" ee la xidhiidha rubuc-tones), waxa loogu yeero. cafiska bilaashka ah, ee la xidhiidha taxanaha, gaar ahaan tafsiirka sonorist ee Ch. P. Boulez, M. Kagel, S. Bussotti, A. Zimmerman, iyo tiro ka mid ah halabuurayaashii Soofiyeedka ayaa la hadlay iyada. Tusaalaha Ch. (dhawaaqa midabka midabka leh ee qalabka xargaha oo leh saamayn cad oo taah dabacsan):

EV Denisov. Trio loogu talagalay violin, cello iyo pianoforte, dhaqdhaqaaqa 1aad, baararka 28-29.

Tixraacyo: Matyushin MV, Hagaha daraasadda rubuc tone ee violin, …, 1915; Lurie A., Ku socota muusiga chromatism-ka sare, ee Sat.: "Sagittarius", P., 1915; Belyaev VM, Muusiga Quarter-tone, "Nolosha Farshaxanka", 1925, No 18; Rimsky-Korsakov GM, Xaq u yeelashada nidaamka muusiga rubuc-tone, "De musica", Sat. 1, L., 1925; Kapelyush BN, Kaydka MV Matyushin iyo EG Guro, ee buugga: Buugga Sannadka ee Waaxda Qoraallada ee Guriga Pushkin ee 1974, L., 1976; Vicentino N., L antica musica ridotta alla moderna prattica, Roma, 1555, facsimile. ed., Kassel, 1959; Behrens-Senegalden GA, Die Vierteltöne ee der Musik, B., 1892; Wellek A., Viertelton und Fortschritt, "NZfM", 1925, Jahrg. 92; Wyschnegradsky I., Muusiga Quartertonal…, “Pro Musica Quarterly”, 1927; isaga u gaar ah, Manuel d harmonie a quarts de ton, P., (1932); Haba A., Flügel und Klavier der Vierteltonmusik, "Die Musik", 1928, Jahrg. 21, H. 3; isaga, Mein Weg zur Viertel- und Sechstelton-Musik, Düsseldorf, 1971; Schneider S., Mikrotöne in der Musik des 20. Jahrhunderts, Bonn, 1975; Gojowy D., Neue sowjetische Musik der 20-en Jahre, (Laaber), 1980; Ludvová J., Anton Joseph Gruss (1816-1893) a jeho ctvrttuny, "Hudebnin veda", 1980, No 2.

Yu. N. Kholopov