Ralph Vaughan Williams |

Ralph Vaughan Williams

Laxamiistaha Ingiriisida, organist iyo muyuusiga shakhsiga dadweynaha, ururiyaha iyo cilmi-baadhaha sheeko-faneedka Ingiriisiga. Waxa uu wax ku bartay Trinity College, Cambridge University C. Wood iyo Royal College of Music ee London (1892-96) oo uu ka qaatay X. Parry iyo C. Stanford (composition), W. Parrett (organ); la wanaajiyey qaabdhismeedka M. Bruch ee Berlin, iyo M. Ravel ee Paris. Laga soo bilaabo 1896-99 wuxuu ahaa organist Kaniisadda South Lambeth ee London. Tan iyo 1904-tii waxa uu xubin ka ahaa Bulshada Heesaha Dadweynaha. Laga soo bilaabo 1919 wuxuu wax ku baray halabuurka Royal College of Music (laga bilaabo 1921 borofisar). 1920-28 kii madaxa kooxda Bach Choir.

Vaughan Williams waa mid ka mid ah aasaasayaasha dugsiga cusub ee Ingiriisiga ee halabuurka ("Dib u soo noolaynta muusiga Ingiriisiga"), kaas oo ku dhawaaqay baahida loo qabo in la abuuro muusig xirfadeed oo heer qaran ah oo ku salaysan suugaanta muusiga ee Ingiriisiga iyo caadooyinka sayidyada Ingiriisiga ee qarniyadii 16aad iyo 17aad; Waxay ku adkaysatay fikradeeda shaqadiisa, iyaga oo ku dhejiyay shaqooyin noocyo kala duwan ah: 3 "Norfolk rhapsodies" ("Norfolk rhapsodies", 1904-06) ee orchestra heeso ah, khiyaali ku saabsan mawduuca Tallis ee orchestra xargaha labajibbaaran ("Fantasia on mawduuc uu qoray Tallis, 1910), Symphony 2nd London ("London symphony", 1914, 2nd ed. 1920), opera "Hugh the Gurtmaker" (op. 1914), iwm.

Guulihiisii ​​ugu muhiimsanaa waa dhanka fanka fanka iyo muusiga heesaha. Tiro ka mid ah shuqullada symphonic ee Vaughan Williams, dhacdooyinka taariikhda dadka Ingriiska ayaa la soo bandhigay, sawiro dhab ah oo nolosha casriga ah ee England ayaa dib loo sameeyay, qalabka muusikada oo uu inta badan ka soo qaatay suugaanta muusikada Ingiriisiga.

Vaughan-Williams shaqadiisa asluubta waxa lagu kala soocaa dabeecadooda cajiibka ah (symphony 4aad), hufnaanta heesaha, haynta codka hogaaminta, iyo xariifnimada abaabulka, kaas oo laga dareemayo saamaynta Impressionists. Waxa ka mid ah dhawaaqa hal-abuurka leh, heeso heeso iyo heeso heeso ah waxaa ka mid ah oratorios iyo cantatas loogu talagalay waxqabadka kaniisadda. operas-yada, "Sir John in Love" ("Sir John in Love", 1929, oo ku salaysan "The Windsor Gossips" ee W. Shakespeare) ayaa ku raaxaysanaya guusha ugu weyn. Vaughan Williams wuxuu ka mid ahaa halabuurayaashii Ingiriisida ee ugu horreeyay ee si firfircoon uga soo shaqeeyay shaleemada (Semphonykiisii ​​7aad wuxuu ku qoran yahay muusigga filimka ku saabsan sahamiyaha polar RF Scott).

Shaqada Vaughan-Williams waxaa lagu gartaa miisaanka fikradaha, asalka muusiga iyo hababka muujinta, jihaynta aadanaha iyo waddaniyadda. Vaughan-Williams hawlihiisa suugaaneed-muhiimka ah iyo saxaafadeed ayaa door muhiim ah ka qaatay samaynta dhaqanka muusiga Ingiriisiga ee qarnigii 20aad.

MM Yakovlev

Halabuurka:

riwaayado (6) – Hugh darawalka (1924, London), Dhunkashada sumaysan (Dhunkashada sumaysan, 1936, Cambridge), Riders to the sea (1937, London), horumarka xajka, maya Benyan, 1951, London) iyo kuwo kale ; balastarro - Old King Cole (Old King Cole, 1923), Habeenka Kirismaska ​​(Habeenkii Kirismaska, 1926, Chicago), Job (Job, 1931, London); aftahanimo, cantas; Orchestra - 9 symphonies (1909-58), oo ay ku jiraan. software - 1st, Marine (Symphony badda, 1910, waayo, heeso, soloists iyo orchestra in erayada W. Whitman), 3rd, Pastoral (Pastoral, 1921), 6th (1947, ka dib "The Tempest" by U. Shakespeare), 7aad, Antarctic (Sinfonia antartica, 1952); riwaayadaha qalabka, qolalka qolka; piano iyo halabuurka xubnaha; heeso, heeso; qabanqaabada heesaha dhaqanka Ingiriisiga; muusiga masraxa iyo shaleemada.

Shaqooyinka suugaanta: Samaynta muusiga. Erayga dambe iyo qoraalada SA Kondratiev, M., 1961.

Tixraacyo: Konen W., Ralph Vaughan Williams. Qormo ku saabsan nolosha iyo hal-abuurka, M., 1958.