Pietro Mascagni |

Pietro Mascagni

Maskany. "Sharaf Miyiga". Intermezzo (maareeyaha - T. Serafin)

Waa wax aan micne lahayn in loo maleeyo in guusha weyn, ee cajiibka ah ee ninkan dhalinyarada ahi ay tahay natiijada xayaysiinta xariifnimada leh… Mascagni, sida cad, maahan kaliya qof karti badan, laakiin sidoo kale aad u caqli badan. Waxa uu garwaaqsaday in wakhtigan xaadirka ah ruuxa waaqiciga ah, isku-xidhka fanka iyo runta nolosha, uu meel walba taagan yahay, in qofka xamaasad iyo calool-xumo uu yahay mid la fahmi karo oo nooga dhow ilaahyo iyo ilaahyo. Isagoo balaastig iyo qurux talyaani ah oo kali ah wata, wuxuu tusaale u soo qaatay riwaayadaha nololeed ee uu dooranayo, natiijaduna waa shaqo ku dhow in ay u naxariisato oo soo jiidato dadweynaha. P. Tchaikovsky

P. Mascagni waxa uu ka dhashay qoyska roodhida dubista, oo ah nin aad u jecel muusiga. Isagoo ogaanaya kartida muusiga ee wiilkiisa, aabbihii, lacag yar oo lacag ah, ayaa u shaqaaleysiiyay macalin ilmaha - baritone Emilio Bianchi, kaas oo u diyaariyey Pietro gelitaanka Music Lyceum. Keruubini Markii uu da'diisu ahayd 13, ardaygii fasalka koowaad, Mascagni wuxuu ku qoray Symphony ee C yar iyo "Ave Maria", kuwaas oo lagu sameeyay guul weyn. Kadib ninkii dhalinyarada ahaa wuxuu sii watay waxbarashadiisa halabuurka ee Milan Conservatory A. Ponchielli, halkaas oo G. Puccini uu isku mar wax ku bartay. Ka dib markii uu ka qalin jabiyay konserfatifka (1885), Mascagni waxa uu noqday kaari iyo hogaamiyaha kooxda operetta, kuwaas oo uu la safray magaalooyinka Italy, oo sidoo kale siiyey casharo iyo qoray music. Markii madbacadda Sonzogno ay ku dhawaaqday tartan loogu jiro opera hal-act ah, Mascagni wuxuu saaxiibkiis G. Torgioni-Tozzetti ka codsaday inuu qoro libretto ku salaysan riwaayaddii xiisaha lahayd ee G. Verga ee Rural Honor. Opera waxay ku diyaar ahayd 2 bilood gudahood. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isagoo aan rajo ka qabin inuu guuleysto, Mascagni uma soo dirin "maskaxdiisa" tartanka. Taas waxaa si qarsoodi ah ninkeeda uga sameeyey naagtiisii. Maamuuska reer miyiga ayaa la guddoonsiiyay abaal-marintii ugu horreysay, halabuurkiina waxa uu helay deeq waxbarasho bishiiba 2 sano ah. Bandhiga opera ee Rome 17-kii Maajo, 1890-kii wuxuu ahaa guul weyn in laxamiistaha uusan haysan waqti uu ku saxiixo qandaraasyo.

Maamuuska Reer Miyiga ee Mascagni waxay calaamadisay bilawga verismo, jihada hawleed cusub. Verism waxay si xoog leh uga faa'iidaysataa hababkaas fannaanka ah ee abuuray saamaynta muujinta korodhka ah, furfurnaanta, dareenka qaawan, oo gacan ka geysata qaabka midabka leh ee nolosha dadka saboolka ah ee magaalada iyo miyiga. Si loo abuuro jawi shucuureed isku xidhan, Mascagni markii ugu horeysay ee opera-ka waxa uu isticmaalay waxa loogu yeero "aria of the cream" - oo leh laxan xor ah ilaa oohin, iyada oo midnimo awood leh ay ku duubto orchestra ee qaybta codka ee 1891-kii, opera-ka waxaa lagu soo bandhigay La Scala, G. Verdi ayaa la sheegay in uu yiri: "Hadda waxaan ku dhiman karaa nabad - waxaa jira qof sii wadi doona nolosha opera Talyaani." Sharafta Mascagni, dhowr biladood ayaa la soo saaray, boqorka laftiisa ayaa laxamiistaha ku abaalmariyay magac sharafeed "Chevalier of the Crown". Ruwaayado cusub ayaa laga filayey Mascagni. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mid ka mid ah afar iyo tobankii xigay ma kicin heerka "Sharaf Rustic". Sidaa darteed, La Scala ee 1895, musiibada muusikada "William Ratcliffe" ayaa la dhigay - ka dib laba iyo toban bandhig, waxay si sharaf leh uga tagtay masraxa. Isla sanadkaas, bandhiga opera-ga ee Silvano ayaa ku guuldareystay. Sanadkii 1901, Milan, Rome, Turin, Venice, Genoa iyo Verona, isla fiidkii Janaayo 17, bandhigyada opera "Masks" ayaa dhacay, laakiin opera, oo si ballaaran loo xayeysiiyay, cabsida laxamiistaha. fiidkaas ayaa magaalooyinka oo dhan halmar lagaga ooriyay. Xitaa ka qaybgalka E. Caruso iyo A. Toscanini kama aysan badbaadin La Scala. "Waxay ahayd," sida uu qabo gabayaagii Talyaaniga A. Negri, "guuldarradii ugu yaabka badnayd ee soo marta dhammaan taariikhda opera Talyaani." Hal-abuurkii riwaayadihiisii ​​ugu guulaha badnaa waxa lagu dhigay La Scala (Parisina – 1913, Nero – 1935) iyo Masraxa Costanzi ee Rome (Iris – 1898, Little Marat – 1921). Ka sokow operas-ka, Mascagni wuxuu qoray operettas ("King in Naples" - 1885, "Haa!" - 1919), wuxuu u shaqeeyaa orkestarada heesaha, muusigga filimada, iyo shaqooyinka codka. Sannadkii 1900-kii, Mascagni waxa uu Ruushka la yimid riwaayado, waxaanu ka hadlay xaaladda opera-ga casriga ah, si weyna loo qaabilay.

Noloshii curiyaha ayaa durba dhammaatay bartamihii qarnigii XNUMX-aad, laakiin magaciisu wuxuu ku haray riwaayadaha opera Talyaani ee dabayaaqadii qarnigii XNUMXaad.

M. Dvorkina

Halabuurka:

riwaayado - Honor Miyiga (Gavalleria rusticana, 1890, Masraxa Costanzi, Rome), Friend Fritz (L'amico Fritz, ma jiro ciyaar magac leh oo E. Erkman iyo A. Shatrian, 1891, ibid.), Brothers Rantzau (I Rantzau, ka dib ciyaartii isla magaca Erkman iyo Shatrian, 1892, Tiyaatarka Pergola, Florence), William Ratcliff (oo ku salaysan ballad riwaayadeedka G. Heine, oo uu tarjumay A. Maffei, 1895, La Scala Theatre, Milan), Silvano (1895, halkaas oo isku mid ah) ), Zanetto (oo ku saleysan ciyaarta Passerby by P. Coppe, 1696, Masraxa Rossini, Pesaro), Iris (1898, Masraxa Costanzi, Rome), Masks (Le Maschere, 1901, Masraxa La Scala ayaa sidoo kale jira ”, Milan), Amika (Amisa, 1905, Masraxa Casino, Monte Carlo), Isabeau (1911, Coliseo Theatre, Buenos Aires), Parisina (1913, Masraxa La Scala, Milan), Lark (Lodoletta, oo ku salaysan sheeko-abuurka The Wooden Shoes ee De la Rama). . operetta - Boqorka Naples (Il re a Napoli, 1885, Tiyaatarka degmada, Cremona), Haa! (Si!, 1919, Tiyaatarka Quirino, Rome), Pinotta (1932, Tiyaatarka Casino, San Remo); orkestral, cod iyo heeso heeso, muusiga filimada, iwm.