Shirley Verrett |

Shirley Verrett

"Black Callas" hadda ma jiro. Waxay ka tagtay adduunkan Noofambar 5, 2010. Waayidii Shirley Verret ee taxane aan laga soo kaban karin.

Qof kasta oo aqoon u leh sheekooyinka caanka ah ee Koonfurta, haddii ay tahay Margaret Mitchell's Gone With the Wind ama Maurice Denouzier's Louisiana, waxay baran doontaa calaamado badan oo nolosha Shirley Verrett ah. Waxay ku dhalatay May 31, 1931 ee New Orleans, Louisiana. Tani waa Koonfurta Ameerika ee dhabta ah! Dhaxalka dhaqameed ee gumaystayaashii Faransiiska (sidaa darteed amarka aan fiicnayn ee luqadda Faransiiska, taas oo aad u soo jiidatay markii Shirley ay ku heesaysay "Carmen"), diinta ugu qoto dheer: qoyskeedu waxay ka tirsan yihiin Seventh-day Adventist, iyo ayeeydeed waxay ahayd wax ka mid ah shaman, animism ka Creoles ma aha wax aan caadi ahayn. Shirley aabaheed wuxuu lahaa shirkad dhismo, markii ay gabar ahayd, qoysku waxay u guureen Los Angeles. Shirley waxay ka mid ahayd shan carruur ah. Xusuus-qorkeeda, waxay ku qortay in aabbaheed uu ahaa nin wanaagsan, laakiin in carruurta lagu ciqaabo suunka ayaa isaga u ahayd wax caadi ah. Astaamaha asalka ah ee Shirley iyo ku xidhnaanshaha diineed ayaa dhibaato ku abuuray iyada markii rajada ah in ay noqoto heesaa ay soo dhawaatay: qoysku waxa ay taageereen dookheeda, laakiin waxa ay ula dhaqmeen opera-da cambaarayn. Qaraabadu ma faragelin doonaan iyada haddii ay ku saabsan tahay xirfadda fannaanka riwaayadaha sida Marian Anderson, laakiin opera! Waxay ka bilaawday in ay muusik ku barato dalkeeda hooyo ee Louisiana oo ay waxbarashadeeda ka sii wadatay Los Angeles si ay ugu dhammeysato waxbarashadeeda Dugsiga Juilliard ee New York. Ciyaartoodii ugu horeysay ee masraxiyaddu waxay ku jirtay Britten's The Rape of Lucrezia 1957. Waagaas, fanaaniinta opera-da midabkeedu naadir ayay ahaayeen. Shirley Verrett waxay ku qasbanaatay inay dareento qadhaadhka iyo bahdilaadda xaaladdan ee maqaarkeeda. Xitaa Leopold Stokowski wuxuu ahaa mid aan awood lahayn: wuxuu rabay inay ku heesto Schoenberg's "Gurr's Songs" isaga oo kula jira riwaayad Houston, laakiin xubnaha orkestra waxay kor u qaadeen dhimashada ka dhanka ah soloist madow. Waxay arrintan kaga hadashay buugeeda taariikh-nololeedkii ee I never Walked Alone.

Sanadkii 1951, Verret da'da yar wuxuu guursaday James Carter, kaasoo afar iyo toban sano ka weyn iyada oo isu muujiyay inuu yahay nin u nugul xakamaynta iyo dulqaadka. Boodhadhka wakhtigaas, heesta waxaa loo yaqaanay Shirley Verrett-Carter. Guurkeedii labaad, oo ay la lahayd Lou LoMonaco, ayaa la soo gabagabeeyey 1963 wuxuuna socday ilaa dhimashadii fannaanka. Waxay ahayd laba sano ka dib guushii ay ku guulaysatay bandhigeeda Opera Metropolitan.

Sanadkii 1959-kii, Verrett waxay sameysay muuqaalkeedii ugu horreeyay ee Yurub, iyada oo ka dhigtay kulankii ugu horreeyay ee Cologne ee Nicholas Nabokov's Death of Rasputin. Meesha u rogtay shaqadeeda waxay ahayd 1962: markaas ayay ahayd in ay ku soo bandhigtay Carmen Festival Festival of Two Worlds ee Spoleto waxayna ugu dhakhsaha badan ka dhigtay ciyaarteedii ugu horeysay ee Opera City New York (Irina in Weil's Lost in the Stars). Spoleto, qoyskeedu waxay ka soo qayb galeen bandhiga "Carmen": qaraabada ayaa dhegaystay iyada, jilba joogsaday oo dembi dhaaf weydiistay Ilaah. Sannadkii 1964-kii, Shirley wuxuu ku heesay Carmen masraxa tiyaatarka Bolshoi: xaqiiqo dhab ah oo aan caadi ahayn, iyadoo la tixgelinayo in tani ay dhacday heerkii ugu sarreeyay ee Dagaalkii Qaboobaa.

Ugu dambeyntii, barafkii waa la jabay, albaabada guryaha opera ee ugu caansan adduunka ayaa u furmay Shirley Verrett: 60-meeyadii, kulankeedii ugu horreeyay waxay ka dhaceen Covent Garden (Ulrika in the Masquerade Ball), ee Masraxa Comunale ee Florence iyo Opera Metropolitan ee New York (Carmen), ee Tiyaatarka La Scala (Dalila ee Samson iyo Delilah). Ka dib, magaceeda ayaa qurxiyey boodhadhka dhammaan guryaha opera kale ee sharafta leh iyo hoolalka riwaayadaha ee adduunka: Paris Grand Opera, Vienna State Opera, San Francisco Opera, Chicago Lyric Opera, Carnegie Hall.

1970-meeyadii iyo 80-meeyadii, Verrett waxa ay si dhow ula xiriirtay kaariyihii Opera Boston iyo agaasime Sarah Calwell. Magaaladan ayay ku xidhan tahay Aida, Norma iyo Tosca. 1981, Verrett wuxuu ku heesay Desdemona ee Othello. Laakin markii ugu horeysay ee ay soo gasho soprano repertoire waxay dhacday horaantii 1967, markii ay ku heesay qaybta Elizabeth ee Donizetti's Mary Stuart ee Florentine Musical May Festival. "Shift" ee heesaa ee jihada doorarka soprano waxay sababtay jawaabo kala duwan. Qaar ka mid ah dhaleeceeyayaasha la yaabay ayaa tan u arkay qalad. Waxaa lagu dooday in waxqabadka isku mar ah ee mezzo-soprano iyo soprano pianos ay keentay codkeeda inay "kala soocaan" laba diiwaan oo kala duwan. Laakiin Verrett waxa kale oo uu la kulmay cudur xasaasiyadeed oo sababay xannibaadda boronkiitada. Weerarku si lama filaan ah ayuu u "jari karaa" Sannadkii 1976-kii, waxay ku heesi jirtay qaybta Adalgiza ee Met iyo, lix toddobaad uun ka dib, iyada oo la socota socdaalkiisa, Norma. Magaalada Boston, Norma iyada ayaa si weyn loogu soo dhaweeyay. Laakiin saddex sano ka dib, 1979, markii ay ugu dambeyntii u muuqatay Norma masraxa Met, waxay la kulantay weerar xasaasiyadeed, taasina waxay si xun u saamaysay heesaheeda. Wadar ahaan, waxay ku soo bandhigtay masraxa masraxa caanka ah 126 jeer, iyo, sida caadiga ah, waxay ahayd guul weyn.

Sannadkii 1973-kii ayaa Opera Metropolitan waxa la furay bandhiggii Les Troyens ee Berlioz oo uu John Vickers u ahaa Aeneas. Verrett kaliya kuma heesin Cassandra qaybta hore ee duology-ga opera, laakiin waxa kale oo uu bedelay Christa Ludwig sida Dido qaybta labaad. Bandhigaani wuxuu weligii ku jiray diiwaanka opera. 1975kii, isla Kulankii, waxay ku guulaysatay guul sidii Neocles ee Rossini ee Go'doominta Korintos. La-hawlgalayaasheeda waxay ahaayeen Justino Diaz iyo Beverly Sills: kan dambe wuxuu ahaa kulan muddo dheer dib u dhacay oo ku saabsan masraxa guriga opera ee ugu caansan Mareykanka. 1979-kii waxay ahayd Tosca, Cavaradossi waxay ahayd Luciano Pavarotti. Bandhig faneedkan ayaa la daayay waxaana lagu sii daayay DVD.

Verrett wuxuu ahaa xiddigii Paris Opera, kaasoo si gaar ah u dhigay Rossini's Moses, Cherubini's Medea, Verdi's Macbeth, Iphigenia ee Tauris iyo Gluck's Alceste. 1990-kii, waxay ka qaybqaadatay soo-saarka Les Troyens, oo u heellan dabbaaldegga sannad-guuradii XNUMX-aad ee duufaantii Bastille iyo furitaanka Opera Bastille.

Guulaha masraxa ee Shirley Verrett si buuxda ugamay muuqan diiwaanka. Bilowgii shaqadeeda, waxay ku duubtay RCA: Orpheus iyo Eurydice, Xoogga Masiirka, Luisa Miller oo leh Carlo Bergonzi iyo Anna Moffo, Un ballo oo maschera la mid ah Bergonzi iyo Leontine Price, Lucrezia Borgi oo ay ka qayb qaadatay Montserrat Caballe iyo Alfredo Kraus. Kadibna iyada gaarka ah ee RCA way dhammaatay, tan iyo 1970-kii duubista operas iyada oo ka qaybqaadashadeeda lagu sii daayay calaamadaha EMI, Westminster Records, Deutsche Grammophon iyo Decca. Kuwani waa Don Carlos, Anna Boleyn, Norma (qeybtii Adalgisa), Go'doominta Korintos (qeybta Neocles), Macbeth, Rigoletto iyo Il trovatore. Runtii, shirkadaha rikoodhadu waxay siiyeen dareen yar iyada.

Xirfadii wacnayd ee Verrett waxa ay dhammaatay horraantii 1990-meeyadii. Sannadkii 1994-kii, Shirley waxay samaysay Broadway kulankiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee Netti Fowler ee Rodgers iyo Carousel muusiga Hammerstein. Had iyo jeer waxay jeceshay muusigga noocaan ah. Gabagabada doorka Natty waa heesta "You'll never Walk Alone". Erayadan la soo koobay waxay noqdeen magaca buuga taariikh nololeedka ee Shirley Verrett, I never Walked Alone, riwaayada lafteedu waxay ku guulaysatay shan abaalmarino Tony Awards.

Bishii Sebtembar 1996, Verrett wuxuu bilaabay wax baridda heesaha Jaamacadda Michigan's School of Music, Tiyaatarka iyo Qoob ka ciyaarka. Waxay ku bixisay fasalada master-ka ee Maraykanka iyo Yurub.

Codka Shirley Verrett wuxuu ahaa cod aan caadi ahayn, cod gaar ah. Codkan, oo ay u badan tahay, looma tixgelin karo mid weyn, inkastoo qaar ka mid ah dhaleeceynta ay ku sifeeyeen inuu yahay "xoog". Dhanka kale, heesaagu wuxuu lahaa timbre sonorous, soo saarista dhawaaq aan fiicneyn iyo timbre shaqsiyeed (si sax ah maqnaanshihiisa dhibaatada ugu weyn ee fanaaniinta opera casriga ah!). Verrett waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah hormuudka mezzo-sopranos ee jiilkeeda, tarjumaaddeeda doorarka sida Carmen iyo Delilah weligood waxay ku sii jiri doonaan taariikhda opera. Lama ilaawaan sidoo kale waa Orpheus iyada oo ku jirta opera Gluck ee isla magaca, Leonora ee The Favorite, Azucena, Princess Eboli, Amneris. Isla mar ahaantaana, maqnaanshaha wax dhib ah oo ku jira diiwaanka sare iyo sonority waxay u ogolaatay inay si guul leh u qabato soprano repertoire. Waxay ku heesay Leonora gudaha Fidelio, Celica oo ku taal Haweeneyda Afrikaanka ah, Norma, Amelia in Un ballo in maschera, Desdemona, Aida, Santuzza ee sharafta miyiga, Tosca, Judit oo ku taal Bartók's Bluebeard Duke's Castle, Madame Lidoin ee "Wadahadalada Carmelites" Poulenci. Guusha gaarka ah waxay ku wehelisay doorka Lady Macbeth. opera-kan waxa ay ku furtay xilli ciyaareedkii 1975-76 Teatro alla Scala oo uu agaasimay Giorgio Strehler uuna agaasimay Claudio Abbado. Sanadkii 1987, Claude d'Anna wuxuu filim la duubay Leo Nucci sida Macbeth iyo Riccardo Chailly oo ah kirishbooyada. Ma noqon doonto buunbuunin in la yiraahdo Verrett wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah jilayaasha ugu fiican ee doorka Lady ee taariikhda oo dhan ee opera, iyo goosebumps ayaa weli dhex mara maqaarka dhegeystaha xasaasiga ah ee daawashada filimka.

Codka Verrett waxaa loo kala saari karaa sidii soprano "falcon", taas oo aan fududayn in si cad loo tilmaamo. Waa iskutallaabta u dhaxaysa soprano iyo mezzo-soprano, cod ay si gaar ah u jecel yihiin halabuurayaashii Faransiiska ee qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad iyo Talyaani kuwaas oo u qori jiray riwaayadaha marxaladda Paris; qaybaha codka noocaan ah waxaa ka mid ah Celica, Delilah, Dido, Princess Eboli.

Shirley Verret waxay lahayd muuqaal xiiso leh, dhoola cadeyn qurux badan, soo jiidasho masraxa, hadiyad jiliin dhab ah. Laakin waxa ay ku sii jiri doontaa taariikhda muusiga sidoo kale iyada oo ah cilmi-baare aan daalin oo dhinaca odhaahda, lahjadaha, hadhyada iyo hababka cusub ee muujinta. Muhiimad gaar ah ayay siisay ereyga. Dhammaan sifooyinkaas waxay keeneen isbarbardhigga Maria Callas, Verrett waxaa badanaa loo yaqaan "La nera Callas, Black Callas".

Shirley Verrett waxay ku sagootisay aduunka November 5, 2010 gudaha Ann Arbor. Waxay ahayd sagaal iyo toddobaatan jir. Dadka codka jeceli si dhib leh ayay ugu xisaabtami karaan muuqaalka codadka sida codkeeda. Oo way adkaan doontaa, haddii aanay suurtagal ahayn, in heesaayadu ay u qabtaan sidii Lady Macbeth.