Thanksgiving gabar (Kirsten Flagstad) |

Kirsten Flagstad

Donna caanka ah ee Metropolitan Francis Alda, kaas oo la soo bandhigay ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan sayidyada waaweyn ee masraxa opera-ka adduunka, ayaa yiri: “Enrico Caruso ka dib, waxaan ogaa hal cod oo run ah oo kaliya oo ku jira opera-ka maalinteena - kani waa Kirsten Flagstad. ” Kirsten Flagstad waxay dhalatay July 12, 1895, waxayna ku dhalatay magaalada Xamar ee dalka Norway, waxayna ka tirsan tahay qoyska kirishbooyga Mikhail Flagstad. Hooyadu waxay sidoo kale ahayd muusikiiste - pianist si fiican loo yaqaan oo weheliya Tiyaatarka Qaranka ee Oslo. Ma la yaabbaa in tan iyo carruurnimadii Kirsten ay baratay biyaano oo ay hooyadeed la heesaysay, iyada oo lix jir ah waxay ku heesay heesaha Schubert!

Saddex iyo toban, gabadhu waxay ogaatay qaybaha Aida iyo Elsa. Laba sano ka dib, xiisadaha Kirsten waxay ku bilaabmeen macalin codka ah oo caan ka ah Oslo, Ellen Schitt-Jakobsen. Saddex sano oo xiisado ah ka dib, Flagstad waxay soo bandhigtay muuqaalkeedii ugu horreeyay December 12, 1913. Caasimadda Norway, waxay ku samaysay doorka Nuriv ee opera E. d'Albert ee The Valley, oo caan ka ahaa sannadahaas. Fanaanka da'da yar ma jecla oo kaliya dadweynaha caadiga ah, laakiin sidoo kale koox ka mid ah macaamiisha hodanka ah. Tan dambe waxay siisay fannaanka deeq waxbarasho si ay u sii wadato waxbarashadeeda codka.

Thanks to taageero dhaqaale, Kirsten wax ku bartay Stockholm Albert Westwang iyo Gillis Bratt. Sanadkii 1917, ku soo laabashada guriga, Flagstad waxay si joogto ah u qabataa bandhigyada opera ee Tiyaatarka Qaranka.

"Waxaa la filan karaa, iyadoo tayada aan shaki ku jirin ee heesta da'da yar, ay si dhakhso ah u awoodi doonto inay meel weyn ka gasho codka codka," ayuu qoray VV Timokhin. – Laakin taasi may dhicin. Muddo labaatan sano ah, Flagstad ayaa weli ah atariishada caadiga ah, dhexdhexaad ah, taas oo si ikhtiyaar ah u qaadatay door kasta oo loo soo bandhigo, ma aha oo kaliya opera, laakiin sidoo kale operetta, revue, iyo majaajilada muusikada. Waxaa jiray, dabcan, sababo ujeedo ah oo tan ah, laakiin wax badan ayaa lagu sharxi karaa dabeecadda Flagstad lafteeda, taas oo gabi ahaanba ka fogayd ruuxa "hore" iyo hamiga farshaxanka. Waxay ahayd shaqaale adag, oo ugu yaraan dhammaan ka fikirtay faa'iidada shakhsi ahaaneed "nafteeda" fanka.

Flagstad waxay guursatay 1919. Waqti yar ayaa dhaaftay waxayna ka tagtay masraxa. Maya, ma aha caasinimada ninkeeda aawadiis. Dabadeed wuu soo noqday, laakiin Kirsten, iyadoo ka cabsanaysa culays xad-dhaaf ah, in muddo ah ayaa door biday "doorarka fudud" ee operettas. Sannadkii 1921-kii, heesaagu wuxuu noqday hal-adayg ka tirsan masraxa Mayol ee Oslo. Ka dib, waxay ku soo bandhigtay Masraxa Casino. Sannadkii 1928-kii, heesaagii reer Norway wuxuu aqbalay casuumaad uu ku noqday musharrax kaligiis masraxa Stura ee magaalada Göteborg.

Markaas way adkeyd in la qiyaaso in mustaqbalka heesaha uu ku takhasusi doono doorarka Wagnerian. Waqtigaas, xisbiyada Wagner ee riwaayadeeda waxay ahaayeen kaliya Elsa iyo Elizabeth. Taas beddelkeeda, waxay u muuqatay inay tahay "bandhige caalami ah", oo ku heesa soddon iyo siddeed door ee operas iyo soddon operettas ah. Waxaa ka mid ah: Minnie ("Gabadha Galbeedka" by Puccini), Margarita ("Faust"), Nedda ("Pagliacci"), Eurydice ("Orpheus" by Gluck), Mimi ("La Boheme"), Tosca, Cio- Cio-San, Aida, Desdemona, Michaela ("Carmen"), Evryanta, Agatha ("Euryante" iyo "Weber's" Sixir Shooter").

Mustaqbalka Flagstad ee fannaanka Wagnerian waxaa inta badan sabab u ah duruufo isbiirsaday, maadaama ay haysatay dhammaan shuruudaha si ay u noqoto heesaa "Talyaani" oo heersare ah.

Markii Isolde, heesaaga caanka ah ee Wagnerian Nanni Larsen-Todsen, uu xanuunsaday intii lagu guda jiray bandhiga riwaayadda muusiga ee Wagner ee Tristan und Isolde ee Oslo 1932, waxay xasuusteen Flagstad. Kirsten waxay qabatay shaqo fiican doorkeeda cusub.

Baaskii caanka ahaa ee Alexander Kipnis waxaa si buuxda u soo jiitay Isolode cusub, kaas oo tixgeliyey in meesha Flagstad ay ku taal xafladda Wagner ee Bayreuth. Xagaagii 1933kii, xaflad kale, waxay ku heesay Ortlinda ee Valkyrie iyo Norn saddexaad ee dhimashada ilaahyada. Sannadka soo socda, waxaa lagu aaminay doorar mas'uul ka badan - Sieglinde iyo Gutrune.

Bandhigyada Bandhigga Bayreuth, wakiillada Opera Metropolitan waxay maqleen Flagstad. Tiyaatarka New York wakhtigaas wuxuu u baahday soprano Wagnerian ah.

Markii ugu horeysay ee Flagstad bishii Febraayo 2, 1935 ee New York Metropolitan Opera ee doorka Sieglinde waxay u keentay fanaanka guul dhab ah. Subixii xigay wargeysyada Maraykanku waxay ku qayliyeen dhalashada heesaagii ugu weynaa ee Wagnerian ee qarnigii XNUMXaad. Lawrence Gilman wuxuu ku qoray New York Herald Tribune in tani ay tahay mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinka naadirka ah marka, sida cad, laxamiistaha laftiisu uu ku faraxsanaan lahaa inuu maqlo qaabka farshaxankan oo kale ee Sieglinde.

"Dhegaystayaasha kaliya ma jeclaysanin codka Flagstad, inkasta oo dhawaaqiisu aanu ahayn mid kicin kara farxad," ayuu qoray VV Timokhin. – Dadweynihii ka soo qayb galay waxa ay sidoo kale soo jiiteen deg-degga la yaabka leh, dadnimada wax-qabadka fannaanka. Laga soo bilaabo bandhigyadii ugu horreeyay, muuqaalkan gaarka ah ee muuqaalka farshaxanka ee Flagstad ayaa loo muujiyay dhagaystayaasha New York, taas oo si gaar ah qiimo ugu yeelan karta fannaaniinta jihaynta Wagnerian. Jilayaasha Wagnerian ayaa lagu yaqaanay halkan, kuwaas oo hal-abuurka, xusuusta mararka qaarkood ay ka adkaadeen bini'aadamka dhabta ah. Geesiyaasha Flagstad waxay u ekaayeen kuwo iftiimay iftiinka qoraxda, oo ay ku diirsadeen taabasho, dareen daacad ah. Waxay ahayd fannaan jacayl, laakiin dhegaystayaashu waxay aqoonsadeen jacaylkeeda in aanay ku badnayn dariiqyo riwaayado leh, oo u janjeedha pathos cad, laakiin leh qurux sare oo la yaab leh iyo is-waafajin maanso, taas oo luqunta gariiraysa ee codkeeda buuxisay…

Dhammaan hodantinimada hooska shucuureed, dareenka iyo niyadda, dhammaan palette midabada farshaxanimada ee ku jira muusiga Wagner, waxaa muujiyay Flagstad iyadoo la adeegsanayo muujinta codka. Marka la eego, heesaaga, laga yaabee, ma lahayn xafiiltanka masraxa Wagner. Codkeedu waxa uu hoos imanayay dhaqdhaqaaqyada ugu khiyaanada badan ee nafta, wax kasta oo dareen nafsi ah, xaaladaha shucuureed: ka fiirsashada xamaasadda leh iyo cabsida qiirada, kor u qaadis riwaayado leh iyo dhiirigelin gabay. Dhegeysiga Flagstad, dhagaystayaasha waxaa loo soo bandhigay ilaha ugu dhow ee erayada Wagner. Saldhigga, "core" ee tafsiirkeeda geesiyaasha Wagnerian waxay ahaayeen fududaan la yaab leh, furfurnaan ruuxi ah, iftiin gudaha ah - Flagstad shaki la'aan wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah turjumaanada ugu weyn ee taariikhda guud ee waxqabadka Wagnerian.

Farshaxankeedu waxa uu ka fogaaday dariiqyada dibadda iyo qaska shucuureed. Dhowr weedho oo uu ku heesi jiray fannaanka ayaa ku filnaa in ay abuuraan muuqaal qeexan oo ku jira male-awaalka dhageystaha – waxaa jiray kalgacal kalgacal, damqasho iyo kalgacal badan oo ku jiray codka heesaaga. Cod-qaadista Flagstad waxaa lagu kala soocay kaamil naadir ah - qoraal kasta oo ay qaado heesaaga ayaa la dhacsan buuxa, wareegsan, qurux, iyo timber codka fannaanka, sida haddii lagu darayo xarragonimada waqooyiga, ayaa siisay heesta Flagstad soo jiidasho aan la soo koobi karin. Codaynteedu waxay ahayd mid la yaab leh, fanka heesta legato, taas oo wakiillada ugu caansan ee Talyaani Belkanto ay ka masayri karaan…”

Muddo lix sano ah, Flagstad waxa uu si joogto ah uga qaban jiray Metropolitan Opera oo si gaar ah ugu dhex muuqday repertoire Wagnerian. Qaybta kaliya ee curiyaha kala duwan waxay ahayd Leonora ee Beethoven's Fidelio. Waxay ku heesi jirtay Brunnhilde gudaha Valkyrie iyo Fall of Gods, Isolde, Elizabeth oo ku taal Tannhäuser, Elsa ee Lohengrin, Kundry ee Parsifal.

Dhammaan bandhigyada ay ka qaybqaadanayaan fannaanka ayaa ku socday guryo buuxa oo joogto ah. Kaliya sagaal bandhig oo "Tristan" ah oo ay ka qaybqaateen farshaxanka Norway ayaa keenay tiyaatarka dakhli aan horay loo arag - in ka badan boqol iyo konton kun oo doolar!

Guushii Flagstad ee Metropolitan waxay u furtay albaabada guryaha opera-yada ugu weyn adduunka iyada. Maajo 1936, 2, waxay sameysay ciyaarteedii ugu horeysay iyadoo guul weyn ka gaartay Tristan ee Covent Garden ee London. Iyo Sebtembar XNUMX ee isla sanadkaas, heesaagu wuxuu heesaa markii ugu horeysay ee Opera State Vienna. Waxay ku heesi jirtay Isoolde, markii ay dhammaatay masraxa opera-ka, ayaa dadkii ka soo qeyb galay soo wacay fanaanada soddon jeer!

Flagstad ayaa markii ugu horreysay ka soo muuqday dadweynaha Faransiiska 1938-kii masraxa Parisian Grand Opera. Waxay kaloo ciyaartay doorkii Isolde. Isla sanadkaas, waxay safar riwaayadeed ku tagtay Australia.

Gugii 1941, markii ay ku soo laabatay dalkeeda, heesaagu dhab ahaantii wuu joojiyay bandhigga. Intii uu dagaalku socday, laba jeer oo keliya ayay Norway ka tagtay – si ay uga qaybgasho Bandhig Faneedka Zurich.

Bishii Noofambar 1946, Flagstad wuxuu ku heesay Tristan at the Chicago Opera House. Gu'gii sanadka xigay, waxay safar riwaayadeedkeedii ugu horreysay ku tagtay magaalooyinka Mareykanka dagaalka ka dib.

Ka dib markii Flagstad ay timid London 1947, waxay markaas ku heesi jirtay qaybaha Wagner ee hormuudka ka ah Masraxa Beerta ee Covent muddo afar xilli ah.

"Flagstad waxay horeyba uga weyneyd konton sano," ayuu qoray VV Timokhin, - laakiin codkeeda, waxay u muuqatay, in aan ku xirneyn waqtiga - waxay u egtahay mid cusub, buuxa, casiir leh oo dhalaalaya sida sanadka xusuusta leh ee isbarashada ugu horreysa ee reer London. fanaanada. Waxa uu si fudud ugu adkaystay culaysyo waaweyn oo u adkaysan kari waayay xataa fannaanad aad uga yar. Marka, 1949-kii, waxay samaysay doorka Brunnhilde saddex bandhig oo toddobaad ah: Valkyries, Siegfried iyo Dhimashada ilaahyada.

1949-kii iyo 1950kii Flagstad wuxuu u sameeyay sidii Leonora (Fidelio) ee Salzburg Festival. Sannadkii 1950kii, heesaagu wuxuu ka qayb qaatay soo saarista Der Ring des Nibelungen ee Masraxa La Scala ee Milan.

Horraantii 1951-kii, heesaha ayaa ku soo laabtay marxaladda Metropolitan. Laakiin halkaas kuma ay heesi jirin muddo dheer. Marka loo eego dhalashadiisa lixdanaad, Flagstad wuxuu go'aansaday inuu ka tago masraxa mustaqbalka dhow. Waxaana bandhiga sagootinta ee taxanaha ahaa ee ugu horeeyay uu dhacay April 1, 1952 ee Metropolitan. Ka dib markii ay ku heesi jirtay doorka lahaanshaha ee Gluck's Alceste, George Sloan, oo ah guddoomiyaha guddiga maamulka Met, ayaa soo galay masraxa oo sheegay in Flagstad ay bixisay waxqabadkeedii ugu dambeeyay ee Met. Qolkii oo dhan ayaa bilaabay in ay ku dhawaaqayaan “Maya! Maya! Maya!”. Nus saac gudaheed ayaa dadkii madasha fadhiyay u yeereen heesaagii. Kaliya markii nalka la damiyay hoolka ayaa dadkii dhageysanayay waxay bilaabeen inay si cagajiid ah u kala dareeraan.

Sii wadida safarkii sagootinta, 1952/53 Flagstad wuxuu ku heesay guul weyn wax soo saarka London ee Purcell's Dido iyo Aeneas. Bishii Noofambar 1953, 12, waxay ahayd markii ay kala tagtay heesaagii Grand Opera ee Paris. Bishii Disembar XNUMX ee isla sanadkaas, waxay ku soo bandhigtay masraxa qaranka ee Oslo bandhig faneed ay ku maamuusayso afartan guuradii ka soo wareegtay waxqabadkeeda faneed.

Intaa ka dib, muuqaalkeeda dadwaynaha ayaa ah oo kaliya qaybo. Flagstad ayaa ugu dambeyntii macsalaameeyay dadweynaha Sebtembar 7, 1957 isagoo riwaayad ku qabtay Hall Albert Hall ee London.

Flagstad wax badan ayuu ka qabtay horumarinta opera-ga qaranka. Waxay noqotay agaasimihii ugu horreeyay ee Opera Norwegian. Hoog, jirrada sii socota ayaa ku qasabtay inay ka tagto jagada agaasimaha ka dib dhammaadka xilli ciyaareedkii ugu horreeyay.

Sanadihii ugu dambeeyay ee fanaanada caanka ah waxay ku qaadatay gurigeeda oo ku yaal Kristiansand, oo la dhisay wakhtigaas iyada oo loo eegayo mashruuca fannaanka - guri cad oo laba dabaq ah oo leh colonnade lagu qurxiyo albaabka weyn.

Flagstad waxa uu ku dhintay Oslo December 7, 1962.