Saddexaad |

lat. trias, jeermiska. Dreiklang, Ingiriis. saddex geesood, Faransiis saddex geesood ah

1) Xarig ka kooban saddex dhawaaq, oo saddex meelood loo qaybin karo. Waxaa jira 4 nooc oo T. ah: laba shibbane - waaweyn (sidoo kale weyn, "adag", trias harmonica maior, trias harmonica naturalis, perfecta) iyo kuwa yar (yar, "jilicsan", trias harmonica minor, trias harmonica mollis, imperfecta) iyo laba dissonant - kordhay (sidoo kale "xad dhaaf", trias superflue, abundans) iyo hoos u dhac (trias deficiens - "ku filnayn"). Shibbane T. waxa uu ka dhashay qaybinta shibbane kaamil ah ee shanaad iyadoo loo eegayo saamiga saamiga - xisaab (4:5:6, ie weyn saddexaad + saddexaad ee yar) iyo iswaafajinta (10:12:15, ie saddexaad yar + saddexaad ee weyn). Mid ka mid ah - weyn - waxay ku beegan tahay daraasadda codadka qaybta hoose ee miisaanka dabiiciga ah (tones 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6). Dhawaaqyada shibbanayaasha ayaa ah aasaaska xudunta nidaamka tonal-ka yar ee jiray qarnigi 17aad iyo 19aad. ("Saddex-geesoodku waa aasaaska dhammaan shibbanayaasha...", ayuu qoray IG Walter). weyn iyo kuwa yar T. waa xarunta. xubno ka mid ah cutubka 2. frets Yurub. muusik leh magacyo isku mid ah. Ilaa xad ballaadhan, dhawaaqyada shibbanuhu waxay ku sii haysteen muhiimaddoodii muusiga qarnigii 20aad. Kala sooc 2 "aan is waafaqsanayn." T. - korodhay (laga soo bilaabo saddex meelood laba) oo laga dhimay (laba yar). Iyaga oo aan lagu darin shibbane shanaad oo saafi ah, labadooduba waxaa ka maqan xasillooni (gaar ahaan midda yar, oo ay ku jirto kala-tagga shanaad oo la dhimay). Muuse. aragti waafaqsan dhaqanka contrapuntal. xarfaha asal ahaan loo tixgeliyey polyphony, oo ay ku jiraan T., sida isku dhafan ee waqtiyo (tusaale ahaan, T. sida isku dhafka shanaad iyo saddex meelood laba). G. Tsarlino waxa uu siiyay aragtidii ugu horaysay ee T. (1558), isaga oo ugu yeedhaya "Harmonies" oo sharaxaya T. waaweyn iyo kuwa yar yar iyadoo la kaashanayo aragtida saamiga tirooyinka (dhererka xadhkaha, weyn T. - saamiga harmonic 15: 12:10, yar - xisaab 6:5:4). Ka dib, T. waxaa loo qoondeeyey "triad" (trias; sida uu qabo A. Kircher, T.-triad waa mid ka mid ah saddexda nooc ee muusikada "xaalad" oo ay la socdaan sound-monad iyo two-tone-diad). I. Lippius (1612) iyo A. Werkmeister (1686-87) waxay rumaysnaayeen in "harmonic". T. waxay astaan ​​u tahay St. Trinity. NP Diletsky (1679) wuxuu bartaa "concordances" (consonances) iyadoo la isticmaalayo tusaalaha T. oo leh labanlaabida prima, habayn sax ah (ballaaran ama dhow); wuxuu qeexayaa laba nooc sida uu qabo T.: ut-mi-sol - "music farxad leh", re-fa-la - "music murugo leh". JF Rameau wuxuu ka soocay xargaha "sax ah" ee isku-dhafka leh dhawaaqyada aan dhawaaqa ahayn wuxuuna qeexay T. inuu yahay kan ugu weyn. nooca chord. M. Hauptmann, A. Oettingen, H. Riemann, iyo Z. Karg-Elert waxay u turjumeen T. yar sida muraayadda rogan (rogid) ee waaweyn (aragtida laba-geesoodka ee waaweyn iyo kuwa yar); Riemann waxa uu isku dayay in uu ku caddeeyo labanimada T. aragtida untertons. Aragtida hawlkarnimada ee Riemann, ku-meel-gaadhka shibbanaha waxa loo fahmay inay tahay kakan monolithic, oo saldhig u ah dhammaan noocyada isbeddellada.

2) Magacaabidda ugu weyn. nooc ka mid ah tertian saddex-cod ah oo leh prima ee baska, taas oo ka duwan rogashadeeda.

Tixraacyo: Diletsky Nikolay, Fikradda naxwaha Musikiy, M., 1979; Zarlino G., Le istitutioni harmonice, Venetia, 1558 (facsimile in Monuments of music and music suugaanta ee facsimile, 2 series, NY, 1965); Lippius J., Synopsis musicae novae omnino verae atque methodicae universae, Argentorati, 1612; Werckmeister A., ​​Xisaabta Musicae hodegus curiosus, Frankfurt-Lpz., 1686, dib loo daabacay. Nachdruck Hildesheim, 1972; Rameau J. Rh., Traité de l'harmonie…, P., 1722; Hauptmann M., Die Natur der Harmonik und der Metrik, Lpz., 1853, 1873; Oettingen A. von, Harmoniesystem in duler Entwicklung, Dorpat, 1865, Lpz., 1913 (hoos cinwaanka: Das duale Harmoniesystem); Riemann H., Vereinfachte Harmonielehre, oder die Lehre von den tonalen Funktionen der Akkorde, L.-NY, 1893 isaga, Geschichte der Musiktheorie ee IX. - XIX. Jahrhundert, Lpz., 1901; Hildesheim, 1898; Karg-Elert S., Polaristische Klang- iyo Tonalitätslehre, Lpz., 1961; Walther JG, Praecepta der musicalischen Halabuurka (1931), Lpz., 1708.

Yu. H. Kholopov