Sheeko-yaqaannada |
Sheekooyinka - jilayaasha riwaayadaha, ballads-xariif ah iyo taariikhdii hore. heeso. Erayga "S." ayaa nar. asal, oo laga sameeyay falka "in la yiraahdo"; waxay tilmaamaysaa hab gaar ah oo wax qabad ee alaabta. noocyada hiddaha ee taxnaa. Waqooyiga Ruushka, jilayaasha riwaayadaha ayaa sidoo kale loogu yeeraa "sheekayaal", "waqti hore". S. waxay ahaayeen dad beeraley ah (rag iyo dumarba). Xagga suugaanta, ereyga "S." galay Ser. Qarnigii 19aad mahadsanid shaqada PN Rybnikov iyo AF Gilferding. S. waagii ruushka. epic (10-16 qarniyadii) waxaa jiray labadaba xirfadlayaal iyo xirfadlayaal - heesaa kooxeedyo, maxkamadaha amiirka, buffoonnada, iwm. Laga soo bilaabo 60-meeyadii. Qarnigii 19-aad, markii xamaasada la bilaabay in si nidaamsan loo diiwaan geliyo, xirfadlayaasha S. mar dambe lama kulmin.
S. mid la isticmaalo, ugu badnaan 2-3 dhaqameed. heeso akhrin ah oo isticmaalay iyaga iyada oo aan loo eegin nuxurka qoraalka shaqada. Shakhsiyadda S. waxa ay ka muuqatay xulashada qof ahaaneed ee hab maansada. muujinta qoraalka odhaahda, kala duwanaanshaha laxanka, qaybaha, samaynta isku xigxiga qaybaha, iyo, ugu dambeyntii, S. repertoire laftiisa. Iyada oo ku xidhan heerka muujinta mabda'a shakhsiga ah ee shaqada S., folklorists (iyaga oo raacaya folklorist Soviet AM Astakhova) waxay kala soocaan: gudbiyeyaasha ku dadaalaya in ay si sax ah u soo saaraan waxa ay ku milmeen (IT Ryabinin, B. Surikov, qeybtii labaad ee labaad) qarnigii 2aad); S., kuwaas oo abuuraya daabacaadadooda iyo nuquladooda (TG Ryabinin - bartamihii qarnigii 19aad, NS Bogdanova, AM Pashkova - dabayaaqadii 19th - horraantii qarniyadii 19aad); S. improvisers, kuwaas oo mar kasta soo bandhiga sheekada qaab cusub (VP Shchegolyonok - dabayaaqadii qarnigii 20aad, MS Kryukova - qarnigii 19aad). Marka la eego saameynta S. ugu kartida badan, iskuulada maxalliga ah ayaa kacay (Onega, Badda Cad, Pechora, Mezen, iyo kuwa kale), ka dib iyaga, caadooyin maxalli ah oo ballaaran. Ka mid ah kuwa ugu caansan S. Rus. Waqooyiga - TG Ryabinin, AM Kryukova, GL Kryukov, MD Krivopolenova, AP Sorokin, HS Bogdanova, GA Yakushov, FA Konashkov. Si loo shaaciyo shaqadii S. laga soo bilaabo 20-kii. Qarnigii 80-aad waxa ay soo abaabuleen bandhigyadooda guud ee magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Ruushka iyo Zap. Yurub.
Ururiyaasha iyo cilmi-baarayaasha ugu horreeya ee Nar. Hal-abuurku waxa uu qabsaday kaliya marxaladdii ugu dambaysay ee jiritaankeeda firfircoon (bartamihii qarnigii 19-aad) – inta badan waqooyiga. duleedka Ruushka iyo, ilaa xad, Siberiya. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, koonfurta Ruushka, deegaanka Cossack, epics ayaa loo beddelay heeso xariif ah, oo ay sameeyeen heesaha heesaha heesaha.
S. mararka qaarkood loo yaqaan. jilayaasha hal-abuurka ah ee dadyowga kale ee USSR - Kazakh, Zhirshi, Turkmen. Bakhshi, Yakuts, Olonkhosutov, iwm.
Tixraacyo: Rybnikov. 3, M., 1864; Hilferding A., Gobolka Olonets iyo rhapsody dadkeeda, ee ururinta: Onega epics, oo uu duubay AF Hilferding xagaagii 1, St. Petersburg, 1909; Lyatsky E., Sheeko IT Ryabinin iyo sheekooyinkiisa, "Ethnographic Review", 1871, buug. 1873, No 1894, b. 23-4; Miller Sun. F., Qoraallada suugaanta dadweynaha ee Ruushka, vol. 105, M., 35; Sheekooyinka Arkhangelsk iyo heeso taariikhi ah oo uu ururiyay AD Grigoriev 1-1897, vol. 1899, M., 1901, b. 1-1904 (oo leh muusig xaashi ah); Onchukov N., Pechora epics, St. Petersburg, 333, p. I-XXIII; Speransky M., Suugaanta afka Ruushka, vol. 91 – Sheekooyin. Heeso taariikhi ah, ed. iyo qoraal. M. Speransky, M., 1904, b. VII-XX; Sokolov B., Sheekooyin, M., 2; Sokolov Yu. M., sheeko-yaqaan Ruush, M., 1919, b. 1924-1938; Astakhova A., Hal-abuurka Epic ee beeralayda woqooyi, ee ururinta: Epics of the North, vol. 232, M.-L., 46, b. 1-1938; iyada u gaar ah, halyeyga Ruushka ee Waqooyiga, Petrozavodsk, 7; Ukhov PD, Byliny, ee ururinta: Hal-abuurka maansada dadweynaha Ruushka, M., 105, p. 1948-1956.
I. Ya Lesenchuk
