Scherzo |

Talyaani. scherzo, shiday. - kaftan

1) Qarniyadii 16-17. calaamad guud oo loogu talagalay canzonets saddex-cod ah, iyo sidoo kale woks monophonic. waxa uu ku ciyaaraa qoraalada majaajillada majaajillada ah. Tusaalooyinka - laga bilaabo C. Monteverdi ("Music scherzos" ("kaftan") - "Sherzi musicali, 1607), A. Brunelli (3 ururinta 1-5-madaxa. scherzos, aria, canzonettes iyo madrigals -" Scherzi, Arie, Canzonette e Madrigale", 1613-14 iyo 1616), B. Marini ("Scherzo iyo canzonettes 1 iyo 2 cod" - "Scherzi e canzonette a 1 e 2 voci", 1622). Laga soo bilaabo bilowgii qarnigii 17aad S. sidoo kale waxay noqotaa magacaabista instr. gabal u dhow capriccio. Qorayaasha riwaayadaha noocan oo kale ah waxay ahaayeen A. Troilo ("Symphony, scherzo..." - "Sinfonie, scherzi", 1608), I. Shenk ("Music scherzos (kaftan)" - "Scherzi musicali" ee viola da gamba iyo bass, 1700 ) . S. ayaa sidoo kale lagu daray gudaha. Suite; iyada oo qayb ka ah shaqada nooca-suite, waxaa laga helaa JS Bach (Partita No 3 ee clavier, 1728).

2) Ka con. Qarnigii 18aad mid ka mid ah qaybaha (sida caadiga ah 3aad) ee sonata-symphony. wareegga - symphonies, sonatas, concertos ka yar inta badan. Marka loo eego S. cabbirka caadiga ah 3/4 ama 3/8, xawli degdeg ah, muusig oo bilaash ah. fikradaha, soo bandhigida shay lama filaan ah, lama filaan ah iyo samaynta S. nooca la xidhiidha capriccio. Sida burlesque, S. inta badan waxay u taagan tahay muujinta kaftanka ee muusiga - laga bilaabo ciyaarta madadaalada, kaftanka ilaa grotesque, iyo xitaa qaabka duurjoogta, xumaanta, jinniga. sawiro. S. inta badan waxa loo qoraa qaab ka kooban 3 qaybood, kaas oo S. saxda ah iyo ku celisteeda lagu dhex daro saddex-dajin iyo heeso. dabeecad, mararka qaarkood - qaabka rondo leh 2 decomp. saddex. Sonata-symphony hore. wareegga qaybta saddexaad waxay ahayd minuet, in shuqullada laxamiistaha ee classic Viennese ah. dugsiga, meesha minuet waxaa si tartiib tartiib ah u qaaday S. Waxay si toos ah u koray ka mid ah minuet ah, taas oo muuqaalada scherzoism u muuqday oo bilaabay inay u muuqdaan kuwo aad u badan. Kuwani waa daqiiqadaha soo daahay ee sonata-calaamadaha. wareegyada J. Haydn, qaar ka mid ah wareegyadii hore ee L. Beethoven (1aad sonata piano). Sida lagu tilmaamo mid ka mid ah qaybaha meertada, ereyga "S." J. Haydn waxa uu ahaa kii ugu horeeyay ee u isticmaala "Ruushka rubuc" (op. 33, No. 2-6, 1781), laakiin kuwan s. Nuxur ahaan wali kama duwana miinada. Marxaladda hore ee samaynta nooca, magacaabista S. ama Scherzando ayaa mararka qaarkood lagu xidhi jiray qaybaha ugu dambeeya ee wareegyada, oo lagu sii wado xitaa qiyaaso. Nooca Classic S. ee lagu sameeyay shaqada L. Beethoven, to-ry waxay door cad u lahayd noocaan daqiiqadaha. Waxaa la go'aansaday in la muujiyo. Fursadaha S., oo aad uga ballaadhan marka la barbardhigo minuet-ka, oo ay xaddidan tahay sarraynta. qaybaha sawirada "gallant". Masters-ka ugu weyn ee S. oo qayb ka ah sonata-symphony. wareegyada Galbeedka ayaa markii dambe ahaa F. Schubert, kaas oo, si kastaba ha ahaatee, oo ay la socdaan S. isticmaalay minuet, F. Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, kaas oo u jihaystay dhinaca gaar ah, gaar ahaan scherzoism iftiin iyo hawo ka dhashay motifs sheeko cirfiid, iyo A. Bruckner. Qarnigii 19-aad S. waxa ay inta badan adeegsan jireen mawduucyo laga soo amaahday sheeko-yaqaanka waddammada kale (F. Mendelssohn-Bartholdy's Scottish Symphony, 1842). S. waxay ku heshay horumar qani ah Ruush. symphonies Nooc ka mid ah qaranka Hirgelinta noocaan waxaa bixiyay AP Borodin (S. oo ka socday riwaayadda 2aad), PI Tchaikovsky, oo ku daray S. ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan riwaayadaha iyo suites (qaybta 3aad ee riwaayadda 6aad lama magacaabin. S. , laakiin nuxur ahaan waa S., sifooyinka kuwaas oo halkan lagu daray sifooyinka socodka), AK Glazunov. S. waxaa ku jira qaar badan. heeso heeso halabuurayaal guumaysta - N. Ya. Myaskovskiy, SS Prokofiev, DD Shostakovich iyo kuwo kale.

3) Waagii jaceylka, S. wuxuu noqday xor. ciyaar muusik, ch. arr. fp. Tusaalooyinka ugu horreeya ee S. waxay ku dhow yihiin capriccio; nooca S. waxaa horey u abuuray F. Schubert. F. Chopin ayaa noocaan u fasiray qaab cusub. In uu 4 fp. S. waxaa ka buuxa riwaayad heersare ah oo inta badan madaw ee qaybaha midabka oo ay ku beddelanayaan kuwo qafiif ah. Fp. S. waxa kale oo uu qoray R. Schumann, I. Brahms, oo u dhashay Ruushka. laxamiistaha - MA Balakirev, PI Tchaikovsky, iyo kuwa kale. Waxaa jira S. iyo qalabyada kale ee keligiis ah. Qarnigii 19aad S. ayaa la abuuray oo qaab madax bannaan. orc ciyaara Qorayaasha S. waxaa ka mid ah F. Mendelssohn-Bartholdy (S. laga bilaabo muusigga W. Shakespeare ee majaajilada A Midsummer Night's Dream), P. Duke (S. Tababarka Sixirka), MP Mussorgsky, AK Lyadov iyo kuwa kale.