Boris Nikolaevich Lyatoshinsky (Boris Lyatoshinsky) |

Boris Lyatoshinsky

Magaca Boris Nikolaevich Lyatoshinsky waxa uu la xidhiidhaa ma aha oo kaliya la weyn iyo, laga yaabee, muddada ugu ammaanta badan horumarinta music Yukreeniyaan Soviet Soviet, laakiin sidoo kale la xusuusta talanti weyn, geesinimo iyo daacadnimo. Xilliyadii ugu adkaa ee dalkiisa, xilliyadii ugu qadhaadhaa noloshiisa, waxa uu ahaa fanaan daacad ah oo geesi ah. Lyatoshinsky ugu horrayn waa laxamiistaha symphonic. Isaga, symphonism waa hab nololeedka muusikada, mabda'a fikirka dhammaan shaqooyinka iyada oo aan laga reebin - laga bilaabo shiraac ugu weyn ilaa heeso yar yar ama habaynta heesaha dadweynaha.

Jidka Lyatoshinsky ee farshaxanka ma fududa. Indheergaradka dhaxalka ah, 1918-kii ayuu ka qalin jabiyay Kulliyadda Sharciga ee Jaamacadda Kyiv, sannad ka dib - oo ka yimid Kiev Conservatory ee fasalka halabuurka ee R. Gliere. Sannadihii qallafsanaa ee tobankii sano ee ugu horreeyay qarniga ayaa sidoo kale ka muuqday shaqooyinkii ugu horreeyay ee curiyaha da'da yar, kaas oo jacaylkiisa si cad loo dareemay. Quartets-yada Koowaad iyo Labaad, Symphony-ka Koowaad waxaa ka buuxa dareen jaceyl oo duufaan leh, mowduucyada muusiga ee si wanaagsan loo safeeyey ayaa dib ugu soo laabanaya Scriabin dambe. Fiiro gaar ah u leh ereyga - gabayada M. Maeterlinck, I. Bunin, I. Severyanin, P. Shelley, K. Balmont, P. Verlaine, O. Wilde, gabayaagii hore ee Shiinaha ayaa ku jiray jacayl si siman loo sifeeyay oo leh laxan adag, kala duwanaansho aan caadi ahayn oo ah hab-raac iyo laxan. Isla sidaas oo kale ayaa laga sheegi karaa shaqooyinka piano ee muddadan (Milicsiga, Sonata), kuwaas oo lagu gartaa sawirro muuqaal leh, laconism aphoristic mawduucyada iyo horumarka ugu firfircoon, riwaayado iyo waxtar leh. Halabuurka dhexe waa Symphony First (1918), kaas oo si cad u muujiyay hadiyad polyphonic ah, amar qurux badan oo timbre orchestral ah, iyo miisaanka fikradaha.

1926-kii, Overture wuxuu ka soo muuqday afar mawduuc oo Yukreeniyaan ah, taas oo calaamad u ah bilawga xilli cusub, kaas oo lagu gartaa fiiro gaar ah u leh dhaqanka Yukreeniyaan, dhexgalka sirta fikirka dadweynaha, taariikhda, dhaqanka (operas The Golden Hoop iyo The Taliyaha (Shchors) ); cantata "Zapovit" oo ku taal T. Shevchenko; oo lagu calaamadeeyay heesaha ugu wanaagsan ee heesaha Yukreeniyaan ee codka iyo biyaano iyo kooxda cappella, taas oo Lyatoshinsky si geesinimo leh u soo bandhigto farsamooyinka polyphonic adag, iyo sidoo kale aan caadi ahayn ee muusikada dadweynaha, laakiin aad u muujin iyo is-waafajinta organic). Opera The Golden Hoop (oo ku salaysan sheekada I. Franko) iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay sheeko taariikhi ah oo laga soo bilaabo qarnigii XNUMXaad. waxay suurto galisay in sawiro dadka lagu sawiro, iyo jacayl naxdin leh, iyo jilayaal fantastik ah. Luqadda muusiga ee opera waa sidaas oo kale, oo leh nidaam adag oo leitmotifs ah iyo horumarin joogto ah. Intii lagu jiray sannadihii dagaalka, oo ay la socdaan Kiev Conservatory, Lyatoshinsky ayaa loo daadgureeyay Saratov, halkaas oo shaqo adag ay ku sii socotay xaalado adag. Halabuurku wuxuu si joogto ah ula shaqayn jiray tifaftirayaasha idaacadaha. T. Shevchenko, kuwaas oo baahiyey barnaamijyadeeda loogu talagalay dadka deggan iyo dhinacyada dhulka la qabsaday ee Ukraine. Isla sannadahaas, Quintet-ka Yukreeniyaanka, Quartet-ka Afaraad ee Xariga, iyo Quartet-ka Quartet-ka ee Quartet-ka ee mawduucyada dadweynaha Yukreeniyaanka ayaa la sameeyay.

Sannadihii dagaalka ka dib waxay ahaayeen kuwo aad u daran oo miro dhal ah. Muddo 20 sano ah, Lyatoshinsky wuxuu abuurayaa heeso qurxoon oo qurux badan: St. T. Shevchenko; wareegyada "Xiliyada" ee st. A. Pushkin, saldhigga. A. Fet, M. Rylsky, "From hore".

Symphony Saddexaad, oo la qoray 1951, waxay noqotay shaqo muhiim ah. Mawduuca ugu weyni waa halganka u dhexeeya wanaagga iyo xumaanta. Ka dib wax qabadkii ugu horeeyay ee golaha dhexe ee ururka laxamiistaha Ukraine, bandhig faneedka ayaa waxaa loo geystay dhaleecayn aan cadaalad ahayn, oo caadi ah wakhtigaas. Halabuuruhu waa inuu dib u sameeyaa scherzo iyo finalka. Laakiin, nasiib wanaag, muusiggu wuu noolaaday. Marka la eego qaabka fikradda ugu adag, fikirka muusikada, xalalka riwaayadaha ah, Lyatoshinsky's Symphony Saddexaad waxaa lagu dhejin karaa siman D. Shostakovich's Symphony toddobaad. 50-60s waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay xiisaha weyn ee curiyaha ee dhaqanka Slavic. Raadinta xididdada caamka ah, wadaagga Slavs, Polish, Serbian, Croatian, Bulgarian folklore ayaa si dhow loo daraaseeyaa. Natiijo ahaan, "Concerto Slavic" ee piano iyo orkestra ayaa soo muuqda; 2 mazurkas oo ku saabsan mawduucyada Polish ee cello iyo biyaano; jaceylka st. A. Mitskevich; gabayo simphonic ah "Grazhina", "Dhanka Vistula"; "Polish Suite", "Slavic Overture", "Fifth ("Slavic") Symphony, "Slavic Suite" ee fanaaniinta heesaha. Pan-Slavism Lyatoshinsky wuxuu ka tarjumayaa jagooyinka sare ee bini'aadantinimada, sida bulshada dareenka iyo fahamka adduunka.

Laxamiistaha waxaa hagayay isla fikrado la mid ah waxqabadkiisa barbaarineed, isaga oo keenaya in ka badan hal jiil oo ah halabuurayaal Yukreeniyaan ah. Dugsiga Lyatoshinsky waa, marka hore, aqoonsiga shakhsi ahaaneed, ixtiraamka ra'yiga kala duwan, xorriyadda raadinta. Taasi waa sababta ardaydiisa V. Silvestrov iyo L. Grabovsky, V. Godzyatsky iyo N. Poloz, E. Stankovich iyo I. Shamo ay aad uga duwan yihiin midba midka kale ee shaqadooda. Mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah, isaga oo doortay jidkiisa, si kastaba ha ahaatee, mid kasta oo ka mid ah shuqulladiisa, wuxuu ku sii jirayaa qaynuunka ugu muhiimsan ee Macallinka - inuu ahaado muwaadin daacad ah oo aan daacad ahayn, adeegaha anshaxa iyo damiirka.

S. Filstein