Sergei Sergeevich Prokofiev |

Sergei Prokofiev

Faa'iidada ugu weyn (ama, haddii aad jeceshahay, faa'iido darrada) noloshaydu waxay had iyo jeer ahayd raadinta asal, luqad muusig oo ii gaar ah. Waan necbahay ku dayashada, waan necbahay hadallada...

Waxaad joogi kartaa ilaa intaad jeceshahay dibadda, laakiin waa inaad ku noqotaa dalkaagii waqti ka waqti ruuxa dhabta ah ee Ruushka. S. Prokofiev

Sannadihii carruurnimada ee curiyaha mustaqbalka wuxuu ku dhex maray qoys muusig. Hooyadii waxay ahayd biyaan-yaqaan wanaagsan, wiilkuna, hurdadii, wuxuu inta badan maqlay dhawaqa sonatas L. Beethoven oo ka imanaya meel fog, qolal badan. Markii Seryozha uu ahaa 5 sano jir, wuxuu sameeyay gabalkiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay ee biyaano. Sannadkii 1902, S. Taneyev wuxuu bartay khibradaha curinta carruurtiisa, iyo taladiisa, casharrada halabuurka ayaa bilaabay R. Gliere. 1904-14 Prokofiev waxa uu wax ku bartay Conservatory St.

Imtixaankii ugu dambeeyay, Prokofiev wuxuu si cajiib ah u sameeyay riwaayadiisii ​​​​ugu horeysay, kaas oo lagu siiyay Abaalmarinta. A. Rubinstein. Halabuuraha da'da yar ayaa si xiiso leh u nuugaya isbeddellada cusub ee muusigga oo isla markiiba wuxuu helaa jid u gaar ah oo ah muusikiiste hal-abuur leh. Isagoo u hadlaya sidii pianist, Prokofiev wuxuu inta badan ku daray barnaamijyadiisa, taas oo keentay falcelin xooggan oo ka timid dhagaystayaasha.

1918-kii, Prokofiev wuxuu u ambabaxay dalka Mareykanka, isagoo ka bilaabay safarro xiriir ah oo uu ku tagay dalal shisheeye - France, Germany, England, Italy, Spain. Dadaal lagu doonayo in lagu kasbado dhageystayaasha adduunka, wuxuu bixiyaa riwaayado badan, wuxuu qoraa shaqooyin waaweyn - operas The Love for Three Oranges (1919), Angel The Fiery (1927); ballets Steel Leap (1925, waxyooday dhacdooyinkii kacaanka ee Russia), Wiilka Prodigal (1928), On Dnieper ah (1930); muusik qalabaysan.

Bilowgii 1927 iyo dhamaadkii 1929, Prokofiev waxa uu guul weyn ka soo hooyay Midowga Soofiyeeti. Sannadkii 1927-kii, riwaayadihiisa waxaa lagu qabtaa Moscow, Leningrad, Kharkov, Kyiv iyo Odessa. "Soo dhawayntii Moscow ay ii samaysay waxay ahayd mid aan caadi ahayn. … Soo dhawayntii Leningrad waxay noqotay mid ka sii kulul tii Moscow,” ayuu curiyaha ku qoray taariikh nololeedkiisa. Dhamaadkii 1932, Prokofiev wuxuu go'aansaday inuu ku laabto dalkiisa.

Ilaa bartamihii 30-kii. Hal-abuurka Prokofiev wuxuu gaadhay heerkiisa ugu sarreeya. Waxa uu abuuraa mid ka mid ah farshaxannimadiisa - ballet "Romeo iyo Juliet" ka dib W. Shakespeare (1936); opera-majaajilada Betrothal ee Monastery (Duenna, ka dib R. Sheridan - 1940); cantatas "Alexander Nevsky" (1939) iyo "Toast" (1939); sheeko cirfiid ah oo ku socota qoraalkiisa "Peter iyo Wolf" oo leh qalab-jilayaal (1936); Piano Sonata Lixaad (1940); wareegga qaybaha piano "Muusika Carruurta" (1935).

In 30-40s. Muusigga Prokofiev waxaa qaaday fannaaniintii Soofiyeedka ugu wanaagsan: N. Golovanov, E. Gilels, B. Sofronitsky, S. Richter, D. Oistrakh. Guusha ugu sareysa ee choreography Soviet waxay ahayd sawirka Juliet, oo uu abuuray G. Ulanova. Xagaagii 1941-kii, dacha u dhow Moscow, Prokofiev ayaa rinjiyeyn ka helay tiyaatarka Leningrad Opera iyo Ballet. Sheekada ballet Kirov Kirov "Cinderella". Warka ku saabsan dillaaca dagaalka lagula jiro fashiistaha Jarmalka iyo dhacdooyinkii naxdinta lahaa ee xigay ayaa sababay kor u kac cusub oo hal abuur leh oo ku jira curiyaha. Waxa uu abuuraa riwaayad heersare ah oo heer qaran ah oo geesinimo leh "Dagaalka iyo Nabadda" oo ku salaysan sheeko-yaqaan L. Tolstoy (1943), wuxuuna la shaqeeyaa agaasimaha S. Eisenstein filimka taariikhiga ah "Ivan the Terrible" (1942). Sawirada jahwareerka leh, milicsiga dhacdooyinka militariga iyo, isla mar ahaantaana, rabitaan iyo tamar aan la adkeyn karin ayaa ah dabeecadda muusikada Piano Sonata ee toddobaad (1942). Kalsoonida majestic waxaa lagu qabtay Symphony shanaad (1944), kaas oo laxamiistaha, ereyadiisa, uu rabay inuu "ku heeso nin xor ah oo faraxsan, xooggiisa xoogga badan, sharaftiisa, daahirnimadiisa ruuxiga ah."

In muddada dagaalka ka dib, inkastoo jirro halis ah, Prokofiev abuuray shuqullo badan oo muhiim ah: lixaad (1947) iyo toddobaad (1952) symphonies, Sagaal Piano Sonata (1947), daabacaadda cusub ee opera Dagaalka iyo Nabadda (1952). , Cello Sonata (1949) iyo Concerto Symphony for cello and orchestra (1952). Dabayaaqadii 40-meeyadii-horraanta 50aadkii. waxaa hadheeyay ololeyaal buuq badan oo ka dhan ah jihada "ka soo horjeeda qaranka" ee farshaxanka Soofiyeedka, cadaadis badan oo ka mid ah wakiiladeeda ugu fiican. Prokofiev wuxuu noqday mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu caansan muusikada. Aflagaadeynta dadweynaha ee muusigiisa 1948 ayaa sii xumeysay caafimaadka curiyaha.

Prokofiev wuxuu ku qaatay sannadihii ugu dambeeyay ee noloshiisa dacha ee tuulada Nikolina Gora oo ka mid ah dabeecadda Ruushka ee uu jecel yahay, wuxuu sii waday inuu si joogto ah u qoro, isaga oo ku xadgudbay mamnuucista dhakhaatiirta. Duruufaha adag ee nolosha ayaa iyaguna saameeyay hal-abuurka. Oo ay la socdaan masterpieces dhab ah, ka mid ah shuqullada sannadihii la soo dhaafay waxaa jira shuqullo ah "fikrad fudud" - overture ah "Kulanka Volga la Don" (1951), oratorio "On Guard of the World" (1950). Suite "Winter Bonfire" (1950), bogag ka mid ah ballet "Sheeko ku saabsan ubax dhagax ah" (1950), Symphony toddobaad. Prokofiev wuxuu dhintay isla maalinta Stalin, iyo sagootintii halabuurkii weynaa ee Ruushka safarkiisii ​​ugu dambeeyay waxaa qariyay farxad caan ah oo la xiriirta aaska hoggaamiyihii weynaa ee dadyowga.

Habka Prokofiev, oo shaqadiisu ay daboolayso 4 iyo badhkii sano ee qarnigii XNUMXaad ee qallafsanaa, ayaa soo maray horumar aad u weyn. Prokofiev wuxuu wadada u furay muusiga cusub ee qarnigeena, isaga iyo hal-abuurayaasha kale ee bilowgii qarniga - C. Debussy. B. Bartok, A. Scriabin, I. Stravinsky, halabuurayaasha dugsiga Novovensk. Waxa uu fanka u soo galay sidii uu ku dhiirraday in uu wax ka beddelo qoraalladii burburay ee fannaankii Romantic ee soo daahay oo leh casriyeyntiisii ​​quruxda badnayd. Hab gaar ah oo lagu horumarinayo caadooyinka M. Mussorgsky, A. Borodin, Prokofiev wuxuu keenay muusik tamar aan xad lahayn, weerar, firfircooni, cusubaanshaha ciidamada asaasiga ah, oo loo arko inay yihiin "barbarism" ("Wali" iyo Toccata ee piano, "Sarcasms"; Symphonic "Scythian Suite" sida ku cad ballet "Ala iyo Lolly"; Concertos Piano Koowaad iyo Labaad). Muusigga Prokofiev wuxuu ku nuuxnuuxsaday hal-abuurka fannaaniinta kale ee Ruushka, gabayaaga, rinjiilayaasha, shaqaalaha masraxa. "Sergey Sergeevich wuxuu ku ciyaaraa dareemayaasha ugu jilicsan ee Vladimir Vladimirovich," V. Mayakovsky ayaa yiri mid ka mid ah bandhigyada Prokofiev. Qaniinyada iyo casiir leh ee tuulo Ruush ah iyada oo loo marayo quruxda quruxda quruxda badan ayaa sifada ballet "Sheekada Jester ee khiyaameeyay Seven Jesters" (oo ku salaysan sheeko-xariiro ka soo ururinta A. Afanasyev). Marka la barbardhigo naadir wakhtigaas gabay; gudaha Prokofiev, isagu waa ka maqan yahay dareen iyo dareen - waa xishood, dabacsanaan, jilicsan ("Fleeting", "Sheekooyinka Ayeeydii hore" ee biyaano).

Iftiinka, kala duwanaanta, muujinta korodhka ayaa ah mid ka mid ah qaabka ajaanibka shan iyo toban sano. Tani waa opera-ka "Jacaylka Saddexda Liimood", oo farxad la boodboodaya, xamaasad leh, oo ku salaysan sheeko-xariireedka K. Gozzi (" galaas of champagne ", sida uu qabo A. Lunacharsky); Concerto saddexaad ee quruxda badan oo leh cadaadis xoog leh oo dhaqdhaqaaqa, oo ay dejisay laxanka biibiile ee cajiibka ah ee bilawga qaybta 1aad, lyricism-ka dhexgalka ee mid ka mid ah noocyada kala duwan ee qaybta 2aad (1917-21); xiisadda dareenka xooggan ee "Malaa'igta Fiery" (oo ku salaysan sheeko-yaqaan V. Bryusov); awoodda geesinimada iyo baaxadda Symphony labaad (1924); "Cubist" reer magaalnimo ee "Steel lope"; Introspection lyrical ee "Fikirka" (1934) iyo "Waxyaabaha naftooda" (1928) ee biyaano. Muddada qaabka 30-40s lagu calaamadeeyay is-xakamaynta xigmadda leh ee ku jirta qaan-gaadhnimada, oo ay weheliso qoto dheer iyo ciidda qaranka ee fikradaha farshaxanimada. Laxanku wuxuu ku dadaalaa fikradaha iyo mawduucyada caalamiga ah ee bini'aadamka, guud ahaan sawirada taariikhda, dhalaalaya, jilayaasha muusikada dhabta ah ee la taaban karo. Hal-abuurkan ayaa si gaar ah u qoto dheeraa 40-meeyadii. iyadoo lala xiriirinayo dhibaatooyinkii soo gaaray dadkii Soofiyeedka sannadihii dagaalka. Shaacinta qiyamka ruuxa bini'aadamka, guud ahaan farshaxanimada qoto dheer waxay noqotaa hamiga ugu weyn ee Prokofiev: "Anigu waxaan ka mid ahay xukunka in curiyaha, sida gabayaa, sculptor, rinji, loogu yeero inuu u adeego dadka iyo dadka. Waa in ay ka heesi doontaa nolosha bini’aadamka oo ay qofka u horseeddo mustaqbal ifaya. Noocan ah, aragtidayda, waa xeerka fanka ee aan ruxi karin.

Prokofiev wuxuu ka tagay dhaxal weyn oo hal abuur leh - 8 operas; 7 ballet; 7 heesood; 9 piano sonatas; 5 concertos piano (kaas oo afaraad u tahay hal gacan bidix); 2 violin, 2 concertos cello (labaad - Symphony-concert); 6 cantatas; oratorio; 2 qolalka codka iyo dhawaaqa; qaybo badan oo piano ah; qaybo ka mid ah orkestra (oo ay ku jiraan Overture Ruush, Symphonic Song, Ode ilaa Dhamaadka Dagaalka, 2 Pushkin Waltzes); Qolalka shaqada ( Dulmarka mawduucyada Yuhuudda ee clarinet, piano iyo string quartet; Quintet for oboe, clarinet, violin, viola iyo double bass; 2 quartets xarig ah; 2 sonatas ee violin iyo biyaano; Sonata oo loogu talagalay cello iyo biyaano; tiro ka mid ah halabuurrada codka erayada A. Akhmatova, K. Balmont, A. Pushkin, N. Agnivtsev iyo kuwa kale).

Hal-abuurka Prokofiev helay aqoonsi caalami ah. Qiimaha joogtada ah ee muusikadiisu waxay ku jirtaa deeqsinimadiisa iyo naxariistiisa, isaga oo ka go'an fikradihiisa sare ee bini'aadmiga, hodantinimada muujinta farshaxanka ee shuqulladiisa.

Y. Kholopov

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