Vladimir Alexandrovich Dranishnikov |

Vladimir Dranishnikov

Fanaanka Sharafta leh ee RSFSR (1933). 1909kii waxa uu ka qalin jabiyay fasalada regency of the Court Singing Chapel oo leh magaca regent, 1916 kii St. Petersburg Conservatory, halkaas oo uu wax ku bartay AK Esipova (piano), AK Lyadov, MO Steinberg, J. Vitol, VP ). Sannadkii 1914-kii wuxuu bilaabay inuu ka shaqeeyo sidii pianist-la-socoshada Masraxa Mariinsky. Tan iyo 1918 kaari, tan iyo 1925 madaxa kaari iyo madaxa qaybta muusikada ee masraxa this.

Dranishnikov wuxuu ahaa kirishbooyada opera heer sare ah. Muujinta qoto dheer ee riwaayadaha muusiga ee waxqabadka opera, dareenka qarsoon ee masraxa, hal-abuurnimada iyo turjumaadda cusub ayaa lagu daray isaga oo leh dareen ku habboon oo dheellitiran oo u dhexeeya mabaadi'da codka iyo qalabka, dhaqdhaqaaqa choral - oo leh hodanka cantilena ee ugu sarreeya. dhawaaqa orkesteralka.

Iyada oo la raacayo jihada Dranishnikov, riwaayadaha qadiimiga ah ayaa lagu soo bandhigay Masraxa Mariinsky (oo ay ku jiraan Boris Godunov, nuqulkii qoraaga ee MP Mussorgsky, 1928; Queen of Spades, 1935, iyo operas kale PI Tchaikovsky, "Wilhelm Tell", 1932; "Troubadour", 1933), shuqulladii Soviet ("Eagle Revolt" Pashchenko, 1925; "Love for Three Oranges" Prokofiev, 1926; "Flame of Paris" Asafiev, 1932) iyo laxamiistaha Yurub ee casriga ah ("Ringing fog" by Schreker , 1925; "Wozzeck" ee Berg, 1927).

Tan iyo 1936, Dranishnikov waxa uu ahaa agaasimaha farshaxanka iyo kaariyaha sare ee Tiyaatarka Opera Kyiv; Wax-soo-saarka Lysenko's Tapac Bulba (daabacaadda cusub ee BN Lyatoshinsky, 1937), Lyatoshinsky's Shchorc (1938), Meitus' Perekop, Rybalchenko, Tica (1939). Waxa uu sidoo kale u soo bandhigay sida kaari siphony iyo pianist (ee USSR iyo dibadda).

Qoraaga maqaallada, shaqooyinka muusiga ("Symphonic etude" ee biyaano leh orc., vocals, iwm.) iyo qoraalo. MF Rylsky wuxuu u hibeeyay sonnet "Dhimashada geesiga" xusuusta Dranishnikov.

Halabuurka: Opera "Love for Three Oranges". Wixii soo saarista opera ee S. Prokofiev, ee: Jacaylka saddexda liin, L., 1926; Orchestra Symphony Modern, gudaha: Casriga casriga ah, L., 1927; Fanaanka Sharafta leh EB Wolf-Israel. Ilaa sannad-guuradii 40-aad ee waxqabadkiisii ​​faneed, L., 1934; Riwaayadda muusiga ee Boqorada Spades, oo lagu soo ururiyay: Boqoradda Spades. Opera waxaa qoray PI Tchaikovsky, L., 1935.

Farshaxan baaxad weyn iyo dabeecad qallafsan, hal-abuure geesinimo leh, daah-fure khibrad cusub oo masraxa muusiga ah - sidan ayuu Dranishnikov u galay fankeena. Waxa uu ahaa mid ka mid ah abuurayaashii ugu horeeyay ee masraxa opera Soviet, mid ka mid ah kirishbooyada ugu horeysay kuwaas oo shaqadoodu si buuxda u lahaa waqtigeena.

Dranishnikov ayaa kulankiisii ​​ugu horeysay ka soo muuqday masraxa isagoo weli arday ah inta lagu guda jiro riwaayadaha xagaaga ee Pavlovsk. Sannadkii 1918-kii, isagoo si heersare ah uga qalin-jabiyay Petrograd Conservatory oo ah kaari (oo leh N. Cherepnin), pianist iyo laxamiistaha, wuxuu bilaabay inuu qabto Tiyaatarka Mariinsky, halkaas oo uu hore uga soo shaqeeyay wehel ahaan. Tan iyo markaas, bogag badan oo dhalaalaya oo taariikhda kooxdan ah ayaa lala xiriiriyay magaca Dranishnikov, kaas oo 1925-kii noqday hogaamiye sare. Wuxuu soo jiitaa agaasimayaasha ugu wanagsan shaqada, wuxuu cusbooneysiiyaa repertoire. Dhammaan qaybaha masraxa muusikadu waxay ahaayeen kuwo ku xiran kartidiisa. Dranishnikov shaqadiisa uu jecel yahay waxaa ka mid ah operas by Glinka, Borodin, Mussorgsky, iyo gaar ahaan Tchaikovsky (waxa uu dhigay The Queen of Spades, Iolanta, iyo Mazeppa, opera ah, in erayada Asafiev, uu "dib u helay, muujinaya nafta kacsan, xamaasad ee this cajiib ah, muusik casiir leh, jidadkeeda geesinimada leh, dabacsanaanteeda, lyricism dhedig”). Dranishnikov wuxuu kaloo u jeestay muusigii hore ("Diyaha Biyaha" ee Cherubini, "Wilhelm Tell" ee Rossini), waxyooday Wagner ("Gold of Rhine", "Dhimashada ilaahyada", "Tannhäuser", "Meistersingers"), Verdi ("Il trovatore", "La Traviata", "Othello"), Wiese ("Carmen"). Laakiin wuxuu la shaqeeyay xamaasad gaar ah oo ku saabsan shaqooyinka casriga ah, markii ugu horeysay ee muujinaya Leningraders Strauss's Rosenkavalier, Prokofiev's Love for Three Oranges, Schreker's The Distant Ringing, Pashchenko's Eagle's Revolt, iyo Deshevov's Ice and Steel. Ugu dambayntii, waxa uu la wareegay dib-u-habaynta ballet gacmaha odayga Drigo, isaga oo cusboonaysiinaya Habeenkii Masaarida, Chopiniana, Giselle, Carnival, oo dhigayay Ololkii Paris. Taasi waxay ahayd baaxadda waxqabadka fanaankan.

Aynu ku darno in Dranishnikov uu si joogto ah u qabto riwaayadaha, halkaas oo uu si gaar ah ugu guulaystay Berlioz's Damnation of Faust, Symphony First Tchaikovsky, Prokofiev's Scythian Suite, oo uu ka shaqeeyo Faransiiska Impressionists. Bandhig kasta, riwaayad kasta oo uu sameeyay Dranishnikov wuxuu ku dhacay jawi farxadeed, oo weheliya dhacdooyin farshaxanimo weyn leh. Dhaleeceyntu waxay mararka qaarkood u suurtagashay in ay "ku qabtaan" khaladaad yar yar, waxaa jiray fiidkii marka farshaxanku uusan dareemeynin niyadda, laakiin qofna ma diidi karo kartidiisa awoodda soo jiidashada.

Academician B. Asafiev, oo aad u qadariyay farshaxanka Dranishnikov, ayaa qoray: "Dhammaan ficilladiisu waxay ahaayeen "ka soo horjeeda hadda", oo ka soo horjeeda xirfad-yaqaannada cilmi-nafsiga. Ahaanshaha, ugu horreyntii, fannaaniin hibo leh oo xasaasi ah, hibo leh, oo lahaa dhegta hodanka ah, taas oo u oggolaatay inuu maqlo dhibcaha ka hor inta uusan ku dhawaaqin orchestra, Dranishnikov waxqabadkiisa wuxuu ka yimid muusig si uu u qabto, oo aan liddi ku ahayn. Waxa uu sameeyay farsamo dabacsan, farsamo asal ah, oo gebi ahaanba hoos imanaysa qorshayaasha, fikradaha iyo shucuurta, ee ma aha oo kaliya farsamada caagagga caaga ah, kuwaas oo intooda badan loogu talagalay in lagu bogaadiyo dadweynaha.

Dranishnikov, oo had iyo jeer si qoto dheer uga walaacsan dhibaatooyinka muusikada sida hadalka nool, taas oo ah, ugu horreyntii, farshaxanka dhawaaqa, taas oo awoodda dhawaaqa, dhawaaqa, xambaarsan nuxurka muusikadan oo u beddela dhawaaqa jireed fikradda sita - Dranishnikov waxa uu doonayay in uu sameeyo gacan kaari ah - farsamada kaari - si ay u sameeyaan malleable iyo xasaasi ah, sida xubnaha hadalka aadanaha, si music dhawaaqa in waxqabadka ugu horrayn sida cod live ah, fanned gubasho shucuur, dareen dareen leh. taas oo si dhab ah u gudbinaysa macnaha. Himilooyinkan uu lahaa waxay la socdeen fikrado hal-abuurayaal waaweyn oo fanka dhabta ah…

Debecsanaanta "gacanta ku hadasha" waxay ahayd mid aan caadi ahayn, luqadda muusiga, nuxurkeeda semantic waxay u ahayd isaga iyada oo loo marayo dhammaan qolofka farsamada iyo qaabka. Ma aha hal cod oo ka baxsan macnaha guud ee shaqada iyo hal cod oo ka mid ah sawirka, oo ka soo baxa muuqaal farshaxan oo la taaban karo oo ka soo baxa fikrado nool - tani waa sida qofku u samayn karo credo Dranishnikov turjubaanka .

Rajo wanaagsan dabeecad ahaan, wuxuu raadiyay muusig, ugu horreyntii, xaqiijinta nolosha - iyo sidaas darteed xitaa shaqooyinka ugu naxdinta badan, xitaa shaqooyinka suntan shakiga, waxay bilaabeen inay u dhawaaqaan sidii hadhkii rajo la'aanta ay taabteen, "laakiin at the xudunta jacaylka daa'imka ah ee nolosha ayaa had iyo jeer ka heesi jiray nafteeda” … Dranishnikov waxa uu sannadihii ugu dambeeyay ku qaatay Kyiv, halkaas oo laga bilaabo 1936 uu madax ka ahaa tiyaatarka Opera iyo Ballet. Shevchenko. Shaqooyinka uu halkan ku sameeyay waxaa ka mid ah wax soo saarka "Taras Bulba" ee Lysenko, "Shchors" by Lyatoshinsky, "Perekop" by Meitus, Rybalchenko iyo Titsa. Dhimasho lama filaan ah ayaa ku dhacday Dranishnikov shaqada - isla markiiba ka dib markii la soo bandhigay opera ugu dambeysay.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969.