Hoos kadhagayso |

Erey tilmaamaya xariiqyo melodic ah oo kala duwan (codka) ee Ruushka polyphonic (kooxaha iyo isku xidhka) bandhigyada heesaha, ugu horrayn kuwa laxanka ah. Waxaa loo adeegsadaa Nar. chanter dhaqanka, galay music. sheeko-xariir. Ka soojeedkiisu waa erey guud oo badan oo ah "pocalphony vocal". P. waxa lala xidhiidhiyaa ereyga "cod" macnaha in lala heeso qof qoraallo sare leh (xaaladahan oo kale waxa ay sidoo kale yidhaahdaan "buuxin") osn. laxanka ama kala duwanaanshihiisa (farshaxan luuqa). Dadka kale waa la yaqaan. Ereyada la mid ah macnaha: "eyeliner" (gobolka koonfureed ee Ruushka, ee Yukreeniyaan iyo Belarusian Polesie), "mashqul" (on ah Don ah), "jiid on piston ah" (gobolka Belgorod), "goryak" (ee Ukraine) . Erayada dambe waxa lagu dabaqaa oo keliya P. sare, oo samaynaysa wax ka madax bannaan. xaflad heeseed; codadka hoose ee kiisaskan "bass" (gobolka Belgorod), "bass" (gobolka Ryazan), iwm. Ereyga "overvoice" lama isticmaalo - labadaba sare iyo hooseba. codadka si isku mid ah ayaa loogu yeeraa P. P. sare waxaa badanaa lagu aaminaa hal cod, halka laga yaabo inay jiraan dhowr kuwa hoose ah. T. n. Inta badan laxanka waxaa lagu qaadaa cod dhexe; inta badan waxaa sameeya heesaa (Don - bass), inkasta oo shaqooyinka codadka ee heesaha oo dhan qaababka qaarkood ay isbeddeli karaan (tusaale ahaan, laxanka ugu muhiimsan ayaa marmar ka dhaqaaqi kara cod ilaa cod). Dhammaan kiisaska, P. waxaa loogu yeeraa codad ka leexda midka ugu weyn kor ama hoos. Tani waa sifo qaran oo ka mid ah sheeko-folklore polyphony sida fal "helitaanka muusigga" (BV Asafiev). Shayga ama taageera osn. laxanka (badanaa xagga hoose), ama demiya, qurxiya (korka), ama ka soo horjeeda, waxay samaysaa kala duwanaansho ku meel gaar ah.

Ruushka waqooyiga, hal-abuurka hal-abuurka heesta waxaa lagu heesaa midnimo ama octave, halka P., ka fogaanshaha dhaqdhaqaaqa barbar socda, ay ku kala duwan yihiin laxanka, sida haddii la qurxiyo, mararka qaarkood ka soo horjeeda madaxbannaanida qaraabo. heesida (badanaa xagga sare), buuxi hakasyada iyo boodada ugu weyn. codadku waxay inta badan ku biiraan isaga oo midaysan ama octave ah, taas oo si cad u muujinaysa leexashadiisa hoggaamineed. Dhamaystirka hal-octave ee heesta ku jirta garaaca u dambeeya ee fret-hythm had iyo jeer waa waajib. deggan. P. - "Biqil on laxanka ugu weyn, mararka qaarkood ka badan, mararka qaarkood si aan si cad u laan ka ah jirridda weyn" (Asafiev). Mararka qaarkood P. madax-bannaanida iyo muujinta waxay la mid tahay waxa loogu yeero. heesta ugu weyn, wayna adkaan kartaa in la kala saaro dhexdooda. Waqooyiga Ruushka. Qaababka waxaa u badan P. - offshoots ka ugu weyn. codadka (Nuxur ahaan, kala duwanaanshaheeda dhow):

Laga soo bilaabo ururinta EV Gippius iyo ZV Ewald "Heesaha Pinezhya", No 55.

Laga soo bilaabo ururinta AM Listopadov "Heesaha Don Cossacks", vol. 3, No. 19.

Bartamaha iyo gaar ahaan koonfurta Ruushka. Qaababka P. inta badan si xor ah ayaa looga soo horjeedaa DOS. codka (fiiri tusaalaha sare).

Echoes qaar ka mid ah ayaa fududeynaya, "toosi" ugu weyn. laxanka, qaar kale, liddi ku ah, waxay qurxiyaan, horumariyaan oo hodmaan. Noocyada gaarka ah ee P. waa baallaha (ch. arr. qaybaha gaagaaban ee heesta) iyo waxa loogu yeero. aan qoraal ahayn P. - "vocalises" (tusaale ahaan, gobolka Voronezh), oo si joogta ah u joogsada dhawaaqa dheer ee tonic (hoose ama sare) iyo, marar badan, shanaad ama shahaadada dabiiciga ah ee VII (haddii ay dhacdo leexasho ku meel gaar ah).

Belarusiyaanka Chorus Polissya wuxuu u qaybsan yahay laba madax-bannaan. xisbiyada: ugu muhiimsan laxanku waxay ku dhawaaqaan hoos, "bass" cod (sababtoo ah soo koobida laxanka, ZV Ewald waxa uu ku qeexay nooc ka mid ah cantus firmus), kaas oo ku jira habka ujeedo badan. Heestu waxay u soo bixi kartaa cod badan, halka codka sare ee keliga ah ("padvodchyk") uu hoggaamiyo khadka. Hal iyo hees isku mid ah ayaa inta badan hoosta ka xariiqaysa dhowr. dabeecad ahaan iyo laxan ahaanba kala duwan. horumarinta heesaha. heeso dhowr geesood ah (tusaale ahaan, tuulada Polissya ee Tonezh).

Inta lagu guda jiro hal hees, waxaa suurtogal ah in si tartiib tartiib ah u dhibaan choruska. textures, firfircoonida P. Guud ahaan, kakan, "farsamoyaqaan" firfircoon ee isdhexgalka dhabta ah ee codadka ee Nar dhab ah. chorus weli si buuxda looma sahamin. Duubista codka kanaalka badan ee ugu dambeeyay iyo farsamooyin kale. macneheedu waxa ay ka qayb qaadan kartaa in la ogaado meesha dhabta ah iyo macnaha P. ee Nar. heeso. heesa Dec. qaababka gobolka.

Tixraacyo: Melgunov Yu., Heeso Ruush ah oo si toos ah looga duubay codadka dadka, vol. 1, M., 1879; Palchikov N., Heeso beeralay ah oo lagu duubay tuulada Nikolaevka, degmada Menzelinsky, gobolka Ufa, M., 1888; Lopatin HM, Prokunin VP, Soo-ururinta Heesaha Laxanka ah ee Ruushka, Qaybaha 1-2, M., 1889; Lineva E., Heeso waaweyn oo Ruush ah oo ku jira iswaafajinta dadweynaha, vol. 1, St. Petersburg, 1904; Gippius E., On polyphony folk Ruush dabayaaqadii 1948th - horraantii qarnigii 2aad, "Soviet Ethnography", 1960, No. 1974; Rudneva A., Hobolada caanka ah ee Ruushka iyo la shaqayntiisa, M., 1961, isku mid, 1; Bershadskaya T., Hababka ugu muhiimsan ee halabuurka ee polyphony ee gabayga beeralayda dadweynaha ee Ruushka, L., 1962; Popova T., Hal-abuurka muusiga dadweynaha Ruushka, vol. 1965, M., 1971; Asafiev B., Hadalka hadalka, M.-L., 1972; Mozheiko Z., Dhaqanka Song ee Belarusian Polissya. Tuulada Tonezh, Minsk, XNUMX; Tusaalooyinka polyphony-ga dadweynaha, comp., wadarta. ed. iyo horudhac I. Zemtsovsky, L.-M., XNUMX.

II Zemtsovsky