Cleveland Orchestra |

Cleveland Orchestra

Kooxda Cleveland Orchestra waa heeso heeso Mareykan ah oo fadhigeedu yahay Cleveland, Ohio. Kooxda orchestra waxa la aasaasay 1918. Goobta riwaayada ee orkestra waa Hoolka Severance. Marka loo eego dhaqanka ka soo baxay dhaleeceynta muusikada Mareykanka, Cleveland Orchestra waxaa iska leh shanta fanaan ee ugu sarreeya Mareykanka (waxa loogu yeero "Big Five"), waana kooxda kaliya ee shantan ka timid magaalo yar oo Mareykan ah.

Kooxda Cleveland Orchestra waxaa la aasaasay 1918-kii waxaana aasaasay Pianist Adella Prentice Hughes. Tan iyo markii la aasaasay, kooxdu waxay ku hoos jirtay ilaalinta gaarka ah ee Ururka Fanka ee Muusiga. Agaasimihii ugu horreeyay ee farshaxanka Cleveland Orchestra wuxuu ahaa Nikolai Sokolov. Laga soo bilaabo sannadihii ugu horreeyay ee jiritaankeeda, Orchestra waxay si firfircoon u soo mareen qaybta bari ee Maraykanka, waxay ka qaybqaateen baahinta raadiyaha. Horumarinta warshadaha duubista, orkestra waxay bilaabeen inay si joogto ah u qoraan.

Laga soo bilaabo 1931-kii, kooxdu waxay saldhig u ahayd Hoolka Severence Hall, oo lagu dhisay kharashka jecel muusigga Cleveland iyo samafale John Severance. Hoolkan riwaayadaha ee ka kooban 1900 kursi waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu wanagsan Maraykanka. Sannadkii 1938-kii, Nikolai Sokolov ayaa lagu beddelay isteeshinka kaarilaha ee Artur Rodzinsky, kaas oo la shaqeynayay orchestra muddo 10 sano ah. Isaga ka dib, orchestra waxaa hagayey Erich Leinsdorf muddo saddex sano ah.

Waagii wacnaa ee kooxda Orchestra ee Cleveland waxay ka bilaabantay imaatinka hogaamiyahooda, agaasime George Sell. Waxa uu shaqadiisa ka bilaabay booskan 1946 isagoo dib-u-habayn mug leh ku sameeyay kooxda orkestra. Qaar ka mid ah fannaaniinta ayaa la eryay, kuwa kale, ma rabaan inay la shaqeeyaan kirishbooy cusub, waxay ka tageen orkestra laftooda. Sannadihii 1960-aadkii, kooxda orkestra waxay ka koobnayd in ka badan 100 fannaaniin ah oo ka mid ahaa qalab-yaqaannada ugu wanaagsan Ameerika. Sababtoo ah heerka sare ee xirfadda shakhsi ahaaneed ee mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah, naqdiyeyaashu waxay qoreen in Cleveland Orchestra "u u ciyaaro sida soloistka ugu weyn." In ka badan labaatan sano oo hoggaanka George Sell, orkestra, sida ay qabaan dhaleeceynta, waxay heleen shakhsi gaar ah "codka Yurub".

Imaanshiyaha iibka, kooxda orkestra waxay noqotay mid aad uga firfircoon riwaayadaha iyo duubista. Inta lagu jiro sannadahan, tirada sannadlaha ah ee riwaayadaha ayaa gaadhay 150 xilli ciyaareedkii. Under George Sell, orkestra waxay bilaabeen inay u dalxiis tagaan dibadda. Oo ay ku jiraan, in 1965, uu safar ee USSR dhacay. Riwaayadaha ayaa lagu qabtay Moscow, Leningrad, Kyiv, Tbilisi, Sochi iyo Yerevan.

Ka dib dhimashadii George Sell ee 1970, Pierre Boulez wuxuu u habeeyay Cleveland Orchestra sidii lataliye muusig muddo 2 sano ah. Mustaqbalka, jilayaasha caanka ah ee Jarmalka Lorin Maazel iyo Christoph von Dohnanyi waxay ahaayeen agaasimayaasha farshaxanka ee orkestra. Franz Welser-Möst waxa uu ahaa maareeyaha guud ee kooxda fanka ilaa 2002. Sida ku cad shuruudaha qandaraaska, waxa uu sii ahaan doonaa madaxa kooxda Cleveland Orchestra ilaa 2018.

Maamulayaasha muusiga:

Nikolai Sokolov (1918-1933) Arthur Rodzinsky (1933-1943) Erich Leinsdorf (1943-1946) George Sell (1946-1970) Pierre Boulez (1970-1972) Lorin Maazel (1972-1982) Christoph (1984-2002) Franz Welser-Möst (ilaa 2002)