Frederick Delius (Dilius) (Frederick Delius) |

Frederick Delius

Ma uusan helin waxbarasho muusig oo xirfad leh. Yaraantiisii, waxa uu bartay ciyaarta violin-ka. Sannadkii 1884-kii ayuu u dhoofay dalka Maraykanka, halkaas oo uu ka soo shaqeeyay beero liimi ah, isaga oo kaligiis u bartay muusiga, waxa uu casharro ka qaatay urur-weynaha deegaanka ee TF Ward. Waxa uu bartay sheeko-yaqaanka Negro, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa ruuxiga ah, kuwaas oo loo adeegsaday qolka-symphonic-ka ee “Florida” (Dilius's debut, 1886), gabayga symphonic “Hiawatha” (ka dib G. Longfellow), gabayga heesaha iyo orchestra “Appalachian” , opera "Koang" iyo kuwo kale. Ku noqoshada Yurub, wuxuu wax ku bartay H. Sitt, S. Jadasson iyo K. Reinecke ee Leipzig Conservatory (1886-1888).

1887 dii Dilius wuxuu booqday Norway; Dilius waxaa saameeyay E. Grieg, kaas oo aad u qadariyay tayadiisa. Ka dib, Dilius wuxuu muusik u qoray riwaayad siyaasadeed oo uu lahaa riwaayad-yaqaankii Norway G. Heiberg ("Folkeraadet" - "Golaha Dadweynaha", 1897); Waxa kale oo uu ku soo noqday mawduuca norwejiga ee shaqada faneed ee "Sketches of a Northern" iyo ballad "Mar mar" ("Eventyr", oo ku salaysan "Tales of Norway" ee P. Asbjørnsen, 1917), wareegyada heesaha Qoraalada noorwiijiga ("Lieder auf norwegische Texte" , ereyada B. Bjornson iyo G. Ibsen, 1889-90).

Sannadihii 1900-aadkii waxay u jeesteen maadooyinka Danish-ka ee opera Fenimore iyo Gerda (oo ku salaysan sheeko-yaqaanka Niels Lin ee EP Jacobsen, 1908-10; post. 1919, Frankfurt am Main); sidoo kale heeso ku qoray Jacobsen, X. Drachmann iyo L. Holstein. Laga soo bilaabo 1888-kii wuxuu ku noolaa Faransiiska, markii ugu horreysay ee Paris, ka dibna ilaa dhammaadka noloshiisa Gre-sur-Loing, oo u dhow Fontainebleau, oo kaliya marmar booqasho dalkiisa. Wuxuu la kulmay IA Strindberg, P. Gauguin, M. Ravel iyo F. Schmitt.

Laga soo bilaabo dhammaadkii qarnigii 19aad ee shaqada Dilius, saameynta Impressionists waa mid la taaban karo, taas oo si gaar ah loogu dhawaaqo hababka orchestration iyo midabaynta palette dhawaaqa. Shaqada Dilius, oo lagu calaamadeeyay asalka, waxay ku dhowdahay dabeecadda gabayada Ingiriisiga iyo rinjiyeynta dabayaaqadii 19th iyo horraantii qarniyadii 20aad.

Dilius wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah halabuurayaashii Ingiriisida ee ugu horreeyay ee u jeestay ilaha qaranka. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah shaqooyinka Dilius waxaa lagu dhejiyay sawirada dabeecadda Ingiriisiga, taas oo uu sidoo kale ka tarjumay asalka habka nolosha Ingiriisiga. Rinjiyeynta dhawaaqa muuqaalka muuqaalka ah waxaa ka buuxa heeso diirimaad leh oo nafta leh - kuwaas oo ah qaybaha orchestra yar: "Dhageysiga cuckoo ugu horreeya ee guga" ("Maqalka cuckoo ugu horreeya guga", 1912), "Habeenka xagaaga ee webiga" ("Habeenkii xagaaga ee webiga", 1912), "Hees ka hor qorrax soo bax" ("Hees ka hor qorrax soo bax", 1918).

Aqoonsiga wuxuu u yimid Dilius iyada oo ay uga mahadcelinayaan waxqabadyada kaariyaha T. Beecham, kaas oo si firfircoon u dhiirrigeliyay curintiisa oo abaabulay xaflad loogu talagalay shaqadiisa (1929). Shaqooyinka Dilius waxaa sidoo kale ku jiray barnaamijyadiisa GJ Wood.

Dilius shaqadiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee la daabacay waa Legend (Legende, loogu talagalay violin iyo orkestra, 1892). Muuqalka ugu caansan ee uu ka mid yahay waa Rural Romeo iyo Julia (Romeo und Julia auf dem Dorfe, op. 1901), midna kuma jiro daabacaaddii 1aad ee Jarmalka (1907, Komische Oper, Berlin), ama nooca Ingiriisiga (“ Tuulo Romeo iyo Juliet", "Covent Garden", London, 1910) kuma guulaysan; kaliya wax soo saar cusub 1920 (ibid.) waxaa si diiran u qaabilay dadweynaha Ingiriiska.

Sifada shaqada dheeraadka ah ee Dilius waa gabaygiisii ​​hore ee xarrago-xoola dhaqatada "Over the hills and fogfog" ("Over the hills and fog", 1895, Isbaanish 1897), oo ku salaysan xusuusta beeraha moor ee Yorkshire - dalkii hooyo Dilius; iyada oo u dhow qorshaha dareenka iyo midabada "Sea Drift" ("Sea-drift") ee W. Whitman, oo gabaygiisa Dilius uu si qoto dheer u dareemay oo uu sidoo kale ku dhexjiray "Heesaha sagootinta" ("Heesaha sagootinta", ee heesaha iyo orkestra , 1930-1932).

Shaqooyinka muusiga ee dambe ee Delius waxa u laxamiistaha buka u sheegay xoghayntiisa E. Fenby, qoraaga buugga Delius sida aan u aqaanay (1936). Dilius shuqulladiisii ​​ugu dambeeyay ee ugu muhiimsan waa heesta xagaaga, qoob ka ciyaarka fantastic iyo horudhaca Irmelin ee orchestra, Sonata No. 3 ee violin.

Halabuurka: operas (6), oo ay ku jiraan Irmelin (1892, Oxford, 1953), Koanga (1904, Elberfeld), Fenimore iyo Gerda (1919, Frankfurt); loogu talagalay orc. - fantasy Beer xagaaga (Beerta xagaaga, 1908), Gabay nolosha iyo jacaylka ( Gabay nolosha iyo jacaylka, 1919), hawada iyo qoob ka ciyaarka (Hawada iyo qoob ka ciyaarka, 1925), Heesta xagaaga (Hees of xagaaga. , 1930) , suites, rhapsodies, riwaayadaha; qalabka orc. - 4 concertos (ee fp., 1906; loogu talagalay skr., 1916; double - for skr. iyo vlch., 1916; for vlch., 1925), caprice iyo elegy for vlch. (1925); qolka-instr. ensembles - xadhig. afar (1917), ee Skr. iyo fp. - 3 sonatas (1915, 1924, 1930), jacayl (1896); fp. - 5 riwaayadood (1921), 3 gogoldhig (1923); heeso orc ah. - Mass of Life (Eine Messe des Lebens, oo ku salaysan "Sidaas ku hadlay Zarathustra" ee F. Nietzsche, 1905), Heesaha Qorrax dhaca (Heesaha qorrax dhaca, 1907), Arabesque ( Arabesk, 1911), Song of the High Hills (Hees of the High Hills, 1912), Requiem (1916), Heesaha sagootinta (ka dib Whitman, 1932); ee heesta cappella - heesta Wanderer (ereyo la'aan, 1908), Quruxdu way soo degtay (quruxdu waxay dhacday, ka dib A. Tennyson, 1924); loogu talagalay codka orc. – Sakuntala (ee ereyada X. Drahman, 1889), Idyll (Idill, sida uu qabo W. Whitman, 1930), iwm .; muusikada riwaayadaha. masraxa, oo ay ku jiraan riwaayadda "Ghassan, ama Socdaalkii Dahabka ahaa ee Samarkand" Dsh. Flecker (1920, post. 1923, London) iyo qaar kale oo badan. kuwa kale