Chapel State Academy ee St. Petersburg (Saint Petersburg Court Capella) |

Maxkamadda Saint-Petersburg Capella

Rugta Waxbarashada Gobolka ee St. Petersburg waa urur riwaayadeed oo ku yaal St. Waxay leedahay hool riwaayad u gaar ah.

St. Petersburg Heesaha Chapel waa kooxda hobolada Ruushka ee ugu da'da weyn. Waxaa la aasaasay 1479 magaalada Moscow oo ah koox-kooxeed lab ah oo loogu yeero. Wadaadada choristers madaxbannaan si ay uga qaybqaataan adeegyada Cathedral Assumption iyo "madadaalada adduunka" ee maxkamadda boqortooyada. Sannadkii 1701dii ayaa dib loo habeeyey oo lagu daray kooxda heesaaga ah ee maxkamadda (rag iyo wiilal), 1703dii waxa loo beddelay St. Petersburg. 1717kii ayuu Peter I u safray Poland, Germany, Holland, France, halkaas oo uu markii ugu horaysay ku soo bandhigay heeso heeso Ruush ah dhagaystayaashii ajaanibka ahaa.

Sannadkii 1763-kii kooxda heesaaga ayaa loo beddelay Maxkamadda Imperial Singing Chapel (100 qof oo kooxda heesta ah). Laga soo bilaabo 1742, fannaaniin badan ayaa si joogta ah xubin uga ah kooxda heesta ee operas Talyaani, iyo tan iyo bartamihii qarnigii 18aad. sidoo kale jilayaasha qaybaha kali ah ee riwaayadaha Ruushka ee ugu horreeya ee masraxa maxkamadda. Tan iyo 1774, kooxda heesaa waxay riwaayado ka bixinayeen St. Petersburg Music Club, 1802-50 waxay ka qaybqaataan dhammaan riwaayadaha St. markii ugu horeysay, iyo qaar ka mid ah aduunka, oo ay ku jiraan Beethoven's Solemn Mass, 1824). Sanadihii 1850-82, waxqabadka riwaayadda ee kaniisaddu waxay ka dhacday hoolka shirarka riwaayadaha ee kaniisadda.

Isagoo xarun u ah dhaqanka heesaha Ruushka, kaniisaddu waxay saameyn ku yeelatay ma aha oo kaliya sameynta caadooyinka waxqabadka heesaha ee Ruushka, laakiin sidoo kale qaabka qoraalka heesaha iyada oo aan la socon (cappella). Fannaaniinta casriga ah ee Ruushka iyo reer galbeedka caanka ah (VV Stasov, AN Serov, A. Adan, G. Berlioz, F. Liszt, R. Schumann, iwm.) waxay xuseen wada noolaanshaha, koox gaar ah, farsamo fayoobaan ah, haysashada ugu wanaagsan ee codka choral iyo codad cajiib ah (gaar ahaan bass octavists).

Kaniisadda waxaa hogaaminayay muusik iyo muusik: MP Poltoratsky (1763-1795), DS Bortnyansky (1796-1825), FP Lvov (1825-36), AF Lvov (1837-61), NI Bakhmetev (1861-83), MA Balakirev (1883-94), AS Arensky (1895-1901), SV Smolensky (1901-03) iyo kuwo kale. wuxuu ahaa MI Glinka.

Laga soo bilaabo 1816, agaasimayaasha kaniisadda ayaa la siiyay xuquuqda daabacaadda, tafatirka, iyo oggolaanshaha waxqabadka heesaha xurmada leh ee muusiga Ruushka. 1846-1917, kaniisaddu waxay lahayd fasalo waqti-buuxa ah iyo waqti-dhiman ah oo fulinaya fasallo (regency), laga soo bilaabo 1858 fasallo qalabaysan ayaa laga furay takhasusyo kala duwan oo orchestra ah, kuwaas oo diyaariyey (sida ku cad barnaamijyada konserfatifka) soloists iyo fanaaniinta orkestra ee heerka ugu sarreeya.

Fasallada waxay gaareen horumar gaar ah oo hoos yimaada NA Rimsky-Korsakov (kaaliyaha maamulaha ee 1883-94), kaas oo 1885 abuuray koox heeso ah oo ka timid ardayda kaniisadda, oo ku hoos ciyaaraya usha ka mid ah kuwa ugu caansan. Macalimiinta fasalada hobolada-qalabka waxay ahaayeen jilayaal caan ah, halabuurayaal, iyo fannaaniin jilaya.

1905-17, hawlaha kaniisaddu waxay ku koobnaayeen kaniisadaha iyo dhacdooyinka cibaadada. Kacaankii Oktoobar 1917 ka dib, heesaha heesaha waxaa ka mid ahaa tusaalooyinka ugu wanaagsan ee heesaha heesaha adduunka, oo ay sameeyeen halabuurayaashii Soofiyeedka, iyo heesaha dadweynaha. Sannadkii 1918kii, kaniisadda waxaa loo beddelay Akadeemiyada Choir ee Dadka, laga bilaabo 1922 - Chapel Akadeemiyadda Gobolka (ilaa 1954 - oo loogu magac daray MI Glinka). Sannadkii 1920-kii, kooxda heesata waxaa ka buuxsamay codad dumar ah waxayna noqdeen kuwo isku dhafan.

Sannadkii 1922-kii, dugsi kooxeed iyo dugsi farsamo oo maalinle ah ayaa lagu abaabulay kaniisadda (ilaa 1925-kii, dugsi habeenimo ah oo loogu talagalay dadka waaweyn ayaa sidoo kale la abaabulay). Sannadkii 1945-kii, iyadoo lagu salaynayo dugsiga hobolada, waxaa la aasaasay dugsiga Choir ee kooxda-heerarka (ilaa 1954-kii oo loogu magac daray MI Glinka). Sannadkii 1955kii Dugsiga Choral wuxuu noqday urur madax-bannaan.

Kooxda kaniisaddu waxay qabtaan shaqo riwaayadeed oo weyn. Repertoire waxaa ka mid ah hobollada qadiimiga ah iyo kuwa casriga ah ee aan lala socon, barnaamijyo laga soo bilaabo shuqullada laxamiistaha gudaha, heesaha dhaqanka (Ruushka, Yukreeniyaan, iwm.), iyo sidoo kale shaqooyinka waaweyn ee nooca cantata-oratorio, kuwaas oo qaar badan oo ka mid ah lagu sameeyay kaniisadda USSR markii ugu horeysay. Waxaa ka mid ah: "Alexander Nevsky", "Maareeyaha Adduunka", "Toast" by Prokofiev; "Heesta Kaymaha", "Qorraxdu waxay ka iftiimaysaa Dalkeenna Hooyo" ee Shostakovich; "On the Kulikovo Field", "The Legend of the Battle for the Russia" by Shaporin, "Laba iyo Tobankii" by Salmanov, "Virineya" ee Slonimsky, "Tale of Igor ee Ololaha" by Prigogine iyo shaqooyin kale oo badan oo Soviet iyo halabuurayaal shisheeye.

Ka dib 1917, kaniisadda waxaa hogaaminayay koorasyada caanka ah ee Soofiyeedka: MG Klimov (1917-35), HM Danilin (1936-37), AV Sveshnikov (1937-41), GA Dmitrevsky (1943-53), AI Anisimov (1955- 65), FM Kozlov (1967-72), ilaa 1974 - VA Chernushenko. 1928 kii kaniisaddu waxay soo booqatay Latvia, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, iyo 1952 kii GDR.

Tixraacyo: Muzalevsky VI, heesta Ruushka ee ugu da'da weyn. (1713-1938), L.-M., 1938; (Gusin I., Tkachev D.), Chapel Waxbarashada Gobolka oo lagu magacaabo MI Glinka, L., 1957; Chapel Academic oo loogu magac daray MI Glinka, buuga: Musical Leningrad, L., 1958; Lokshin D., Hobolada Ruushka ee cajiibka ah iyo agaasimayaashooda, M., 1963; Kazachkov S., Laba nooc - laba caadooyin, "SM", 1971, No 2.

DV Tkachev