Стнислав Монюшко (Stanisław Moniuszko) |

Stanisław Moniuszko

Laxamiistaha caanka ah ee Polish S. Moniuszko ayaa ah hal-abuuraha opera-ga qaranka iyo heesaha codka ee qolka. Shaqadiisu waxay soo jiidatay astaamaha muusikada dadweynaha ee Poles, Yukreeniyaan iyo Belarusiyaanka. Tan iyo carruurnimadii, Moniuszko wuxuu helay fursad uu ku barto folklore beeralayda ah ee dadka Slavic. Waalidkiis waxay jeclaayeen fanka, waxay lahaayeen hibo farshaxan oo kala duwan. Hooyadii ayaa wiilka baratay muusiga, aabbihii wuxuu ahaa fanaan hiwaayad ah. Bandhigyada guriga ayaa inta badan la soo bandhigay, jacaylka Stanislav ee masraxa, oo ka soo kacay caruurnimadiisa, wuxuu soo maray noloshiisa oo dhan.

Da'da 8, Moniuszko wuxuu aaday Warsaw - sannadaha waxbarashadu waxay bilaabmayaan. Wuxuu casharro ka qaataa organist-ka iyo pianist-ga A. Freyer. Sanadkii 1830, Stanislav wuxuu u dhaqaaqay Minsk, halkaas oo uu galay qolka jimicsiga oo uu wax ka bartay D. Stefanovich, saameyntiisana wuxuu ugu dambeyntii go'aansaday inuu doorto muusikada xirfaddiisa.

Moniuszko wuxuu ku dhammaystay waxbarashadiisa muusiga ee Berlin, Akademiyada Heesaha (1837-40). Waxa uu si fiican u yaqaanaa shaqada kooxda heesaha iyo orkestra, wuxuu helay sawir dhammaystiran oo ku saabsan dhaqanka muusikada (ugu horreyntii) ee Yurub. Inta lagu guda jiro sannadahan, shuqulladii madax-bannaanida ugu horeysay u muuqday: mass, 2 strings afargees, Saddex heeso on St. A. Mickiewicz, muusiga bandhigyada. Sanadkii 1840-58. Moniuszko wuxuu ku nool yahay Vilna (Vilnius). Halkan, oo ka fog xarumaha waaweyn ee muusikada, kartidiisa wax ku oolka ah ayaa lagu muujiyay. Waxa uu u shaqeeyaa sidii abaabule Kaniisadda St. Ardaydiisa waxaa ka mid ah laxamiistaha Ruushka C. Cui, oo ka mid ah ka-qaybgalayaasha Farshaxanka Awoodda leh. Inkasta oo ay jiraan dhibaatooyin dhaqaale oo weyn, Moniuszko wuxuu kula shaqeeyay lacag la'aan. Shakhsinimada halabuuruhu waxa ay markii ugu horreysay ka muuqatay noocyada heesaha iyo jacaylka. 1841 dii Moniuszko Buugii ugu horeeyay ee heesta ayaa la daabacay (waxaa jira 12 wadar). Heesaha lagu sameeyay Vilna waxay si weyn u diyaariyeen qaabka hawl-wadeenadiisa mustaqbalka.

Guusha ugu sareysa ee Moniuszko waa opera Pebble. Tani waa sheeko naxdin leh oo ku saabsan gabadh yar oo reer miyi ah, oo uu khiyaaneeyay mudane. Daacadnimada iyo diirimaadka muusiga, hodannimada laxanka ayaa ka dhigtay opera-kan gaar ahaan mid caan ah oo ay jecel yihiin Poles. "Pebble" ayaa lagu sameeyay Vilna 1848. Guusheeda isla markiiba waxay caan ku noqotay xubinta gobolka. Laakiin kaliya 10 sano ka dib, opera qaab cusub oo si weyn loo hagaajiyay ayaa lagu soo bandhigay Warsaw. Taariikhda wax-soo-saarkan (Janaayo 1, 1858) waxaa loo arkaa dhalashada opera-ga Polish-ka.

Sanadkii 1858, Moniuszko wuxuu u safray dibadda Jarmalka, Faransiiska iyo Czech Republic (intii uu ku sugnaa Weimar, wuxuu booqday F. Liszt). Isla markaana, curiyaha ayaa lagu casuumay jagada madaxa hagaha Tiyaatarka Belki (Warsaw), oo uu hayay ilaa dhammaadka maalmihiisa. Intaa waxaa dheer, Moniuszko waa borofisar ka tirsan Machadka Muusikada (1864-72), halkaas oo uu ku baro fasallada halabuurka, wada noolaanshaha iyo dhibcaha (ardaygiisa waxaa ka mid ah curiyaha Z. Noskovsky). Moniuszko sidoo kale waa qoraaga dugsiga Piano iyo buuga wada noolaanshaha.

Bandhigyada soo noqnoqda ee riwaayadaha qoraaga ee St. Shaqada ugu wanagsan ee Moniuszko waxa ay la xidhiidhaa noocyada aan la taabanin F. Chopin ee Polish-ka weyn ama aan ka helin horumar la taaban karo isaga - oo leh opera iyo heeso. Moniuszko wuxuu sameeyay 15 operas. Marka laga soo tago Pebbles, shuqulladiisa ugu wanagsan waxaa ka mid ah qalcaddii The Enchanted (The Terrible Yard – 1865). Moniuszko wuxuu inta badan u jeestay opera majaajillo ah (Yavnuta, The Timber Rafter), ballet (oo ay ku jiraan Monte Cristo), operetta, muusiga wax soo saarka masraxa (W. Shakespeare's Hamlet, The Robbers) F. Schiller, vaudeville ee A. Fredro). Had iyo jeer soo jiidata laxanka iyo nooca cantata ("Milda", "Niola"). Sannadihii dambe, 3 cantatas ayaa la abuuray ereyada A. Mickiewicz: "Ruux" (oo ku salaysan gabayada riwaayadaha ah "Dzyady"), "Crimean Sonnets" iyo "Mstress Tvardovskaya". Moniuszko waxa kale oo uu soo bandhigay qayb qaran oo ah muusiga kaniisadda (6 mass, 4 "Ostrobramsky litanies"), waxa uu dhidibbada u taagay fannaanka Polish (barnaamijku wuxuu kor u qaaday "Fairy Tale", "Cain", iwm.). Halabuuruhu waxa kale oo uu qoray muusiga piano, oo loogu talagalay samaynta muusigga guriga: polonaises, mazurkas, waltzes, 2 buug oo xusuus qor ah oo ka mid ah qaybaha "Trinkets".

Laakiin si gaar ah muhiim u ah, oo ay weheliso hal-abuurka operatic, ayaa ahaa halabuurka heesaha (c. 400), kaas oo curiyaha uu isku daray ururinta - "Buugaagta Heesaha Guriga". Magacoodu wuxuu u hadlaa naftiisa: tani waa muusikada nolol maalmeedka, oo loo abuuray ma aha oo kaliya xirfadlayaasha, laakiin sidoo kale kuwa jecel muusikada. "Ma abuurayo wax cusub. Ku socdaalaya dhulalka Polish, waxaa iga buuxsamay ruuxa heesaha qaraamiga ah. Iyaga, lid ku ah doonistayda, waxyi ayaa ku shubma dhammaan curintayda. Erayadan Moniuszko wuxuu muujinayaa sirta "bulshada" cajiibka ah ee muusiggiisa.

K. Zenkin

Halabuurka:

riwaayado - Fiican (Ideal, 1841), Carmagnola (Karmaniol, 1840), Koofi Jaalaha ah (Zulta szlafmyca, ca. 1842), Biyo yaab leh (Woda cudowna, 1840s), Rural idyll (Sielanka, 1843, Spanish 1852) Pebbles ., 1, Vilnius, daabacaadii 1848aad, 2, Warsaw), Betley (majaajilada , 1858), Qalcadda la sixray (Arag-daran Yard; Straszny dwur, 1852), Pariah (Paria, 1858); operetta – Bakhtiyaa-nasiibka (Loteria, 1843, Minsk; 1846, Warsaw), qorista (Pobur rekrutуw, 1842), Halganka Muusikada (Walka muzykуw, 1840s), Yavnuta, ama Gypsies (daabacaadda 1aad ee hoos timaada magaca Gypsies – Cyga, post 1850). , Vilnius, daabacaadda 1852aad ee ciwaanka Yavnuta, 2, Warsaw), Beata (melodrama, 1860, Warsaw); balastarro – Monte Cristo (1866), Sugitaanka (Na kwaterunku, 1868), Khiyaamada Shaydaanka (Sawir szatana, 1870); Muusigga ballet ee masraxyada The Merry Wives of Windsor ee O. Nicholas iyo The Bronze Horse ee D. Aubert; Orchestra - Sheekada Overtures ( Sheekada Jiilaalka; Bajka, Conte d'hiver, 1848), Qaabiil, ama Geeridii Haabiil (1856), Milatari ka badbadin, ama Gacaliye Hetman (Uwertura wojenna albo Kochanka hetmanska, 1857), Concert Polonaise (Polonez koncertowy) ; codadka iyo orchestra - cantatas Milda (1848), Niola (1852), Krumine (aan dhammayn, 1852) - ku xiga. Yu. Kraszewski, Madonna (1856), Ruuxa (Widma, 1865), Crimean Sonnets (Sonety krymskie, 1868), Pani Tvardovskaya (1869), 6 mass (oo ay ku jiraan Petrovinskaya), 4 Ostrobramsky litanies (Litanie ostrobramskie -1843); qalabaynta qolka - 2 xadhig. afar (ilaa 1840); biyaano (qiyaastii 50 riwaayadood) - Baubles (Fraszki, 2 buug-yaraha riwaayadaha, 1843), 6 polonaises, waltzes, mazurkas; xubnaha - Heesaha kaniisadeena (Piesni naszego kosciola), hobolada, wok. isku xidhka; cod iyo biyaano - St. 400 hees; muusiga loogu talagalay bandhigyada masraxa riwaayadaha - ee vaudeville: A. Fredro "Habeenkii gudaha Apennines" (1839), "The New Don Quixote, ama Boqol Madnesses" (1842, post. 1923), in boostada. "Hamlet" iyo "Ganacsatada Venice" ee Shakespeare, "Tuto" ee Schiller, "Carpathian Highlanders" ee Kozhenevsky, "Lilly Venedy" ee Y. Slovatsky.