Alexander Vasilyevich Gauk |

Alexander Gauk

Fanaanka Dadka ee RSFSR (1954). 1917kii waxa uu ka qalin jabiyay Petrograd Conservatory, halkaas oo uu ku bartay piano EP Daugovet, curinta VP Kalafati, J. Vitol, iyo samaynta NN Cherepnin. Kadibna wuxuu noqday maareeyaha tiyaatarka Petrograd ee riwaayadaha muusikada. In 1920-31 waxa uu ahaa kirishbooyada ee Leningrad Opera iyo Tiyaatarka Ballet, halkaas oo uu inta badan qaban jiray ballet (Glazunov The Four Seasons, Stravinsky's Pulcinella, Gliere's The Red Poppy, iwm). Waxa uu u jilci jiray kirishbooyga simphony ahaan. In 1930-33, wuxuu ahaa madaxa kaari ee Leningrad Philharmonic, 1936-41 - ee State Symphony Orchestra ee USSR, 1933-36 kaari, 1953-62 kaari madaxa iyo agaasimaha farshaxanka ee Bolshoi Symphony Orchestra ee All. -Raadiyaha Midowga.

Shaqooyinka taariikhiga ah waxay haysteen meel gaar ah oo ka mid ah riwaayadaha kala duwan ee Gauk. Isaga oo hoos imanaya, tiro ka mid ah shaqooyinka DD Shostakovich, N. Ya. Myaskovsky, AI Khachaturian, Yu. A. Shaporin iyo halabuurayaashii Soofiyeedka ayaa markii ugu horreysay la sameeyay. Dhaqdhaqaaqa barbaarinta ee Gauk ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaaray horumarinta farshaxanka Soofiyeedka. 1927-33 iyo 1946-48 waxa uu wax ku baray Leningrad Conservatory, 1941-43 ee Tbilisi Conservatory, 1939-63 ee Moscow Conservatory, tan iyo 1948 waxa uu ahaa bare sare. Ardayda Gauk waxaa ka mid ah EA Mravinsky, A. Sh. Melik-Pashaev, KA Simeonov, EP Grikurov, EF Svetlanov, NS Rabinovich, ES Mikeladze, iyo kuwa kale.

Qoraaga hees-faneed, symphonietta oo loogu talagalay orkesterka xargaha, overture, riwaayadaha orchestra (kataarad, biyaano), jacayl iyo shaqooyin kale. Waxa uu qalabeeyay opera The Marriage by Mussorgsky (1917), Xilliyadii iyo 2 wareegyadii jacaylkii Tchaikovsky (1942), iwm. Waxa uu dib u soo celiyay riwaayaddii 1aad ee Rachmaninov isaga oo isticmaalaya codadkii orchestral-ka ee badbaaday. Cutubyo ka mid ah xusuus-qorkii Gauk ayaa lagu daabacay ururinta "Shamaynta Farshaxanistaha", M., 1972.

"Riyada wax qabadku waxay ku jirtay gacantayda ilaa da'da seddexaad," Gauck ayaa ku qoray xusuus-qorkiisa. Laga soo bilaabo da'da yar, wuxuu si joogto ah ugu dadaalay inuu rumeeyo riyadan. St. Petersburg Conservatory, Gauk wuxuu wax ka bartay biyaano F. Blumenfeld, ka dibna wuxuu bartay halabuurka V. Kalafati, I. Vitol iyo A. Glazunov, wuxuu si fiican u bartay farshaxanka wax-qabadka iyadoo uu hogaaminayey N. Cherepnin.

Ka dib markii uu ka qalin jabiyay konservatory ee sanadka Kacaankii Oktoobar ee weynaa, Gauk wuxuu bilaabay shaqadiisa wehelnimo ee Masraxa Muusiga. Dhawr maalmood uun ka dib guushii quwadda Soofiyeedka, waxa uu markii ugu horreysay soo istaagay masraxa si uu ugu soo bandhigo bandhig faneedka opera-ga. Noofambar 1 (sida uu qabo qaabkii hore) Tchaikovsky's "Cherevichki" ayaa la sameeyay.

Gauk wuxuu noqday mid ka mid ah muusikiisteyaashii ugu horreeyay ee go'aansaday inuu tayadiisa u dhiibo adeegga dadka. Intii lagu guda jiray sannadihii adkaa ee dagaalka sokeeye, wuxuu ku soo bandhigay askar ka tirsan Ciidanka Cas oo qayb ka ah guuto faneed, iyo bartamihii labaataneeyadii, wada jir ah Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra, wuxuu u safray Svirstroy, Pavlovsk iyo Sestroretsk. Sidaa darteed, hantida dhaqanka adduunka ayaa la furay ka hor inta aan la furin dhagaystayaal cusub.

Door muhiim ah oo ku saabsan horumarinta hal-abuurka ee farshaxanka ayaa ciyaaray sannadihii markii uu hogaaminayey Orchestra Philharmonic Leningrad (1931-1533). Gauk wuxuu ugu yeeray kooxdan "macalinkiisa." Laakiin halkan kobcinta wadajirka ah ayaa ka dhacday - Gauk wuxuu leeyahay mudnaan muhiim ah oo lagu hagaajinayo orkesterka, kaas oo markii dambe ku guuleystay sumcadda adduunka. Ku dhawaad ​​isku mar, waxqabadka masraxa ee muusikiiste ayaa horumaray. Maaddaama uu yahay hogaamiyaha ballet ee Opera iyo Ballet Theatre (hore Mariinsky), oo ay ka mid yihiin shaqooyin kale, wuxuu daawadayaasha u soo bandhigay muunado ka mid ah da'yarta Soofiyeedka - V. Deshevov's "Red Whirlwind" (1924), "Golden Age" (1930). iyo "Bolt" (1931) D. Shostakovich.

In 1933, Gauk u dhaqaaqay Moscow iyo ilaa 1936 ka shaqeeyay sidii kaari madax ee All-Union Radio. Xidhiidhka uu la leeyahay halabuurayaashii Soofiyeedka ayaa sii xoojiyay. "Sannadahaas," ayuu qoray, "Xilli aad u xiiso badan, xamaasad iyo midho badan taariikhda muusiga Soofiyeedka ayaa bilaabmay… Nikolai Yakovlevich Myasskovsky wuxuu door gaar ah ka ciyaaray nolosha muusiga… Waxay ahayd inaan marar badan la kulmo Nikolai Yakovlevich, si kalgacal leh ayaan u qabtay inta badan heesihii heesaha ahaa ee uu qoray."

Iyo mustaqbalka, isagoo madax ka ah Orchestra Symphony State ee USSR (1936-1941), Gauk, oo ay la socdaan muusiga qadiimiga ah, inta badan waxaa ka mid ah curinta qorayaasha Soofiyeedka ee barnaamijyadiisa. Waxaa lagu aaminay waxqabadkii ugu horreeyay ee shaqadiisa S. Prokofiev, N. Myaskovsky, A. Khachaturyata, Yu. Shaporin, V. Muradeli iyo kuwo kale. Muusiggii hore, Gauk wuxuu inta badan u jeestay shaqooyinka, hal sabab ama mid kale, ay iska indhatireen kontaroolayaasha. Wuxuu si guul leh u habeeyey hal-abuurka hal-abuurka leh ee fasallada: oratorio “Samson” ee Handel, Bach's Mass in B minor, “Requiem”, Aaska iyo Guusha Symphony, “Harold ee Talyaaniga”, “Romeo iyo Julia” ee uu qoray Berlioz…

Laga soo bilaabo 1953, Gauk wuxuu ahaa agaasime faneed iyo maamulaha guud ee Orchestra Grand Symphony ee Radio iyo Television All-Union. La shaqaynta kooxdan, waxa uu gaadhay natiijooyin aad u wanaagsan, taas oo ay daliil u tahay duubabkii faraha badnaa ee uu maamulkiisa sameeyay. Isaga oo qeexaya habka hal-abuurka ah ee saaxiibkiis, A. Melik-Pashayev wuxuu qoray: "Qaabka waxqabadkiisa waxaa lagu gartaa xakameyn dibadda ah oo leh gubasho gudaha ah oo aan kala go 'lahayn, ugu badnaan saxda ah ee ku celcelinta xaaladaha dareenka "load" oo buuxa. Oi waxa uu geliyey diyaarinta barnaamijka dhammaan xamaasadiisa faneed ahaan, aqoontiisa oo dhan, dhammaan hibada barbaarintiisa, iyo riwaayaddii, sidii isagoo la dhacsan natiijada hawshiisa, waxa uu si hagar la’aan ah u taageeray dabka xamaasadda faneed ee fannaanka orkester-ka. , oo uu shiday. Iyo mid ka mid ah muuqaalada cajiibka ah ee muuqaalkiisa farshaxan: markaad ku celcelinayso, ha koobiyn naftaada, laakiin isku day inaad akhrido shaqada "indho kala duwan", ku dheji aragti cusub oo ku saabsan fasiraado qaan-gaar ah oo heer sare ah, sida haddii u beddelka dareenka iyo fikradaha kala duwan, fur hawlqabad aad u khiyaano badan.

Professor Gauk wuxuu keenay galaxyo dhan oo ka mid ah kirishbooyada waaweyn ee Soofiyeedka. Waqtiyo kala duwan ayuu wax ku baray Leningrad (1927-1933), Tbilisi (1941-1943) iyo Moscow (ilaa 1948) konservatories. Waxaa ka mid ah ardaydiisa A. Melik-Pashaev, E. Mravinsky, M. Tavrizian, E. Mikeladze, E. Svetlanov, N. Rabinovich, O. Dimitriadi, K. Simeonov, E. Grikurov iyo kuwo kale.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969